List of plebiscites in Germany

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The list of plebiscites in Germany contains all direct democratic votes in the regional legislative bodies of Germany , i.e. in the respective states and member states, since the proclamation of the Weimar Republic in 1918 until today.

All forms of plebiscites are included, regardless of their subject (constitution, law, territorial affiliation, etc.), the authorship of the agreed draft (people, parliament, government), the type of their initiation (initiative from the people, resolution, regulation) and the binding force (Decision, survey) of the voting result. It also contains both votes that conformed to the principles of a democratic vote , as well as those that were held under undemocratic circumstances. Votes in regional authorities without legislative competence (for example in municipalities or the Prussian provinces ) are only listed if the question of belonging to Germany was up for vote.

Legend

All plebiscites are categorized as according to the way they came about ( type )

• Initiative procedure (  IV  ): initiated by the electorate by popular initiative and referendum ,
• Constitutional referendum (  VR  ): a referendum on the adoption of a (new) constitution,
• compulsory referendum (  OR  ): triggered by the constitution,
• Parliamentary or government referendum (  PR  or  RR  ): scheduled by parliament (or a constituent assembly) or the government,
• international treaty (  VV  ): held in connection with an international treaty (e.g. the Versailles Treaty), and
• Referendum (  B  ): a non-binding survey without any binding effect.

As far as is known, for each plebiscite, rounded to two decimal places, the voting participation ( participation ), the proportion of “yes” and “no” votes as well as the invalid votes are listed. The proportion of voting participation is shown as a percentage of those entitled to vote, the proportion of the respective votes (“yes”, “no”, invalid) as a percentage of those who vote.

If several proposals were to be voted on during a plebiscite, the proportions of votes and type are noted separately, but the proposals are summarized in the table under the same date and regional authority . Voting across several regional authorities or in several voting areas within a regional authority are listed separately.

For each plebiscite it is noted whether and which quorum was valid for a vote. The result of the vote is summarized as successful ( ) or failed ( ) with pictograms . If there was a voting quorum, the result may also have failed ( ). If it is a matter of a territorial affiliation vote, the flag of the territorial authority preferred by a majority is shown instead.

In the Comments column , special features and background to the respective plebiscite are recorded.

Weimar Republic (1918–1933)

See also : Suffrage of the Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic was the first all-German state to provide for direct popular legislation. In most of the states (Länder) plebiscitary elements were also anchored in very different ways. In total, two Reich-wide referendums were carried out in the Weimar Republic, as well as twelve direct democratic votes at the level of the federal states.

At the same time, due to the Treaty of Versailles, plebiscites were held in five Prussian provinces about territorial affiliation . In the Schleswig part of the province of Schleswig-Holstein, for example, a vote was taken on joining Denmark or remaining with Germany. The vote took place in two voting areas ("zones") on separate dates. The zoning followed the wishes of the Danish government and was not based on existing administrative areas. The vote in Zone I took place as an overall vote, while Zone II was again divided into four voting areas, which voted separately on the question of territorial affiliation.

Further plebiscites were held in the provinces of East Prussia, West Prussia, Upper Silesia and Lower Silesia. The voters could decide whether the province should remain with Prussia or join Poland .

date	Type	territorial corporation	Subject / title	Participation	Yes votes	No votes	invalid votes	quorum	Result	comment
Apr 13, 1919	VR	to bathe	Adoption of the state constitution	approx. 34.05%	94.58%	5.42%	unknown	no quorum		First plebiscite in the history of Germany and at the same time the only successful referendum in the Weimar Republic.
Nov 30, 1919	PR	Coburg	Coburg joins Thuringia	unknown	approx. 11.72%	approx. 88.28%	approx. 0.19%	no quorum		As an alternative to joining Thuringia , which is in the process of being founded , joining Bavaria was the subject of public discussion. Even if this was not listed on the ballot, the “No” to Thuringia was generally perceived as a “Yes” for Bavaria. On the basis of the voting result, the Free State of Coburg started negotiations and finally united with the Free State of Bavaria on July 1, 1920 by means of a State Treaty .
Feb 10, 1920	VV	Schleswig-Holstein (Zone I North Schleswig)	Territory affiliation	90.12%	24.98% (for Germany)	74.39% (for Denmark)	0.63%	no quorum		First referendum under the Versailles Treaty on territorial issues affecting Germany. The vote took place in two zones. Zone I was ceded to Denmark as a whole.
14 Mar 1920	VV	Schleswig-Holstein (Zone II Middle Schleswig)	Territory affiliation	90.73%	80.05% (for Germany)	19.95% (for Denmark)	unknown	no quorum		All four voting areas of Zone II each decided to remain as the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.
Apr 25, 1920	PR	Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	Dissolution of the state parliament	unknown	unknown minority	unknown majority	unknown	unknown		The referendum was requested by the SPD - faction carried out and other bourgeois parties in parliament and was directed against the ruling USPD .
July 11, 1920	VV	East Prussia	Territory affiliation	87.92%	97.86% (for Germany)	2.14% (for Poland)	unknown	no quorum		The area remained as the Prussian province of East Prussia with Germany.
July 11, 1920	VV	West Prussia	Territory affiliation	86.52%	92.42% (for Germany)	7.58% (for Poland)	unknown	no quorum		The area remained as the Prussian province of West Prussia with Germany.
0Jan. 9, 1921	PR	Bremen	Resignation of the Senate	approx. 84%	approx. 43%	approx. 57%	unknown	no quorum		In response to the resignation of the Senate on December 7, 1920, 49 MPs called for a referendum to formally remove it. After the majority of the voters contradicted this in a referendum on January 9, 1921, the Bremen citizenship dissolved and new elections were held on February 20, 1921.
20 Mar 1921	VV	Lower Silesia	Territory affiliation	unknown	approx. 97.57% (for Germany)	approx. 2.43% (for Poland)	unknown	no quorum		The area remained as the Prussian province of Lower Silesia with Germany.
20 Mar 1921	VV	Upper Silesia	Territory affiliation	97.20%	59.61% (for Germany)	40.39% (for Poland)	unknown	no quorum	/	Upper Silesia was divided along the Sforza line . The smaller eastern part (“ Ostoberschlesien ”) - in which the large majority voted for accession to Poland - was annexed to the Polish Autonomous Silesian Voivodeship . The larger western part - in which a clear majority in turn spoke out in favor of remaining with Germany - continued to exist as the Prussian province of Upper Silesia.
Jan. 1924	RR	Lübeck	Vote on the dismissal of the Senate or dissolution of the citizenship	unknown	unknown minority (for recall of the Senate)	unknown majority (for dissolution of the citizenship)	unknown	no quorum	Majority for dissolution of the Lübeck citizenship	In response to a motion of no confidence by the parliamentary groups of the SPD and KPD , the Senate called a referendum in which the voters could vote between recalling the Senate or dissolving the Lübeck citizenship. The majority of the voters voted for the dissolution of the citizenship.
0Apr 6, 1924	RR	Bavaria	Reform of the Constitution	70.91%	45.40%	49.28%	5.31%	40% participation quorum		At the same time as the state elections , referendum to create the office of Bavarian President and the establishment of a second, professionally organized parliamentary chamber .
0June 6, 1926	RR	Schaumburg-Lippe	Connection to Prussia	unknown	approx. 47%	approx. 53%	unknown	50% participation quorum		Referendum on territorial affiliation brought about at the request of the state presidium (state government). The majority of those who voted objected to the project and Schaumburg-Lippe remained an independent regional body until 1946.
0Dec 6, 1926	IV	Hesse	Dissolution of the state parliament	48.77%	47.34%	51.44%	1.21%	no quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was operated by the DNVP , the DVP and the Landbund .
June 20, 1926	IV	German Empire	" Expropriation of the princely property "	39.26%	92.66%	3.75%	3.58%	50% participation quorum		First direct democratic vote at national level in Germany. The referendum that triggered the initiative was carried out by the KPD and the SPD.
Dec 22, 1929	IV	German Empire	Referendum " against the enslavement of the German people (freedom law) "	14.92%	92.55%	2.08%	5.36%	50% participation quorum		Second and last direct democratic vote at the national level in the Weimar Republic. The referendum that triggered it was operated by the Pan-German Association , the Stahlhelm , the United Patriotic Associations , the Reichslandbund and the NSDAP .
March 1931	IV	lip	Dissolution of the state parliament	unknown	unknown minority	unknown majority	unknown	50% participation quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was carried out by the NSDAP, DNVP and DVP.
0Aug 9, 1931	IV	Prussia	Dissolution of the state parliament	39.21%	93.93%	3.73%	2.34%	50% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was driven by the Stahlhelm, supported by various smaller right-wing parties, the NSDAP and the KPD.
Apr 17, 1932	IV	Saxony	Dissolution of the state parliament	38.00%	94.68%	3.84%	1.48%	50% participation quorum		Last direct democratic vote at the time of the Weimar Republic. The referendum that triggered the initiative was carried out by the KPD.
Apr 17, 1932	IV	Oldenburg	Dissolution of the state parliament	36.79%	94.79%	4.39%	0.82%	no quorum		The only successful and at the same time one of the last two initiative procedures during the Weimar Republic. The referendum that triggered the initiative was carried out by the NSDAP and the KPD.

Period of National Socialism (1933–1945)

During the time of the National Socialist dictatorship , a total of four Reich-wide plebiscites were held in the form of referendums. Only the referendum in 1934 did not take place at the same time as a Reichstag election. All four plebiscites were increasingly marked by violations of the principles of free voting. Voting secrecy was violated, ballot papers were manipulated and voting results were falsified.

date	Type	territorial corporation	Subject / title	Participation	Yes votes	No votes	invalid votes	quorum	Result	comment
11/12/1933	RR	German Empire	Referendum on " Germany's withdrawal from the League of Nations "	95.2%	95.1%	unknown	unknown	no quorum		First referendum under National Socialism; held at the same time as the Reichstag election.
08/19/1934	RR	German Empire	Referendum " on the head of state of the German Reich "	95.65%	88.12%	9.87%	2.01%	no quorum		The only government referendum under National Socialism that was not held together with a Reichstag election.
01/13/1935	VV	Saar area	Territory affiliation	97.88%	90.35% (for Germany)	8.83% (for the status quo); 0.40% (for France)	0.43%	no quorum		The majority of those who voted spoke in favor of the reintegration of the Saar area to Germany. The League of Nations followed the vote and enacted it on March 1, 1935.
March 29, 1936	RR	German Empire	Referendum " on the authorization to occupy the Rhineland "	99.00%	98.80%	unknown	unknown	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the Reichstag election.
04/10/1938	RR	German Empire	Referendum " on the reunification of Austria with the German Reich "	99.59%	98.53%	0.92%	0.15%	no quorum		Last referendum under National Socialism; the voting was completely merged with the election, which meant that separate voting on the referendum and the election was not possible.

Post-war Germany (1945-1949)

In the post-war period , a total of eleven plebiscites took place on German territory. The first trial took place in Saxony , which was part of the Soviet occupation zone . The collection of signatures required by law for a successful referendum before the actual vote was declared superfluous by decree, which in fact turned into a referendum. Ten regular referendums were held in the course of the establishment of the federal states in the occupation zones of the Western powers and all of them dealt with the respective state constitution as a whole or the question of including individual articles in it.

date	Type	territorial corporation	Subject / title	Participation	Yes votes	No votes	invalid votes	quorum	Result	comment
June 30, 1946	RR	Saxony	Referendum on the " Law on the Transfer of War and Nazi Criminals into the Property of the People "	93.71%	77.56%	16.52%	5.92%	no quorum		First direct democratic vote in Germany after the Nazi era. The relevant legislation of the State of Saxony from the Weimar Republic served as the legal basis. The referendum, which is actually mandatory there , was circumvented by the SMA Saxony by means of the ordinance on referendums and referendums of April 4, 1946, which is why the vote was in fact a referendum.
Nov 14, 1946	VR	Württemberg-Baden	Adoption of the state constitution	71.71%	68.54%	10.64%	21.00%	no quorum		First direct democratic vote in the Allied occupation zone after the end of World War II.
0Dec. 1, 1946	VR	Bavaria	Adoption of the state constitution	75.7%	approx. 70.6%	approx. 29.4%	unknown	no quorum
0Dec. 1, 1946	VR	Hesse	Adoption of the state constitution	72.9%	66.71%	20.17%	13.12%	no quorum		Held at the same time as the separate referendum to include Article 41 (socialization).
0Dec. 1, 1946	PR	Hesse	Inclusion of Article 41 (socialization) in the Hessian state constitution	72.9%	62.31%	24.24%	13.45%	no quorum		Held at the same time as the referendum on the adoption of the Hessian state constitution.
May 18, 1947	VR	to bathe	Adoption of the state constitution	67.83%	63.01%	29.74%	7.25%	no quorum
May 18, 1947	VR	Rhineland-Palatinate	Adoption of the state constitution	76.62%	45.32%	40.25%	14.43%	no quorum		Held at the same time as the separate referendum to include Article 20 (school articles).
May 18, 1947	PR	Rhineland-Palatinate	Inclusion of Article 20 (school) in the state constitution	76.35%	42.84%	38.98%	18.18%	no quorum		Held at the same time as the referendum on the adoption of the Rhineland-Palatinate state constitution.
May 18, 1947	VR	Württemberg-Hohenzollern	Adoption of the state constitution	66.37%	65.74%	28.39%	5.87%	no quorum		The vote was held at the same time as the state election.
Oct 12, 1947	VR	Bremen	Adoption of the state constitution	67.7%	72.4%			no quorum		Held at the same time as the separate referendum to include Article 47 (employee participation).
Oct 12, 1947	PR	Bremen	Inclusion of Article 47 (employee participation) in the state constitution	67.5%	52.1%			no quorum		Held at the same time as the referendum on the adoption of the Bremen state constitution.

German Democratic Republic (1949–1990)

The only plebiscite in the German Democratic Republic was carried out in 1968 on the occasion of the total revision of the state constitution. The vote did not follow the democratic principles of free elections, for example secret voting was not possible.

date	Type	territorial corporation	Subject / title	Participation	Yes votes	No votes	invalid votes	quorum	Result	comment
1951	B.	German Democratic Republic	Referendum against the remilitarization of Germany and for the conclusion of a peace treaty	?? %	%			no quorum
27.-29. June 1954	B.	German Democratic Republic	Peace Treaty or European Defense Community (EDC)?	98.63%	91.28%	6.27%	2.45%	no quorum		The only vote in Germany that lasted several days. Since secret voting was only possible with restrictions, the principles of free voting were not observed.
0Apr 6, 1968	VR	German Democratic Republic	Adoption of the constitutional reform	98.10%	96.37%	3.42%	0.21%	no quorum		Since secret voting was only possible with restrictions, the principles of free voting were not observed.

Federal Republic of Germany before reunification (1949–1990)

In the Federal Republic of Germany were between the foundation in 1949 and the reunification of 25 plebiscites over 20 different templates at the level of in 1990. Countries held at the state level, however, not one. Almost half of these were carried out in connection with territorial issues (ten of them in the course of the founding of the south-western state of Baden-Württemberg), since the Basic Law provides for referenda in the affected areas in the event of a reorganization of the federal area . A further six plebiscites were held in the federal states of Hesse and Bavaria, which at the time were the only federal states in Germany that provided for mandatory referendums for any constitutional amendment.

date	Type	territorial corporation	Subject / title	Participation	Yes votes	No votes	invalid votes	quorum	Result	comment
0July 9, 1950	OR	Hesse	Amendment of articles 75 and 137 of the state constitution to abolish the binding on proportional representation	33.86%	73.51%	20.27%	6.22%	no quorum		First direct democratic vote after the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany.
June 18, 1950	VR	North Rhine-Westphalia	Adoption of the state constitution	71.57%	56.99%	35.21%	7.80%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election . At the same time, this was the last state constitution adopted by referendum in a federal state during the division of Germany .
Sep 24 1950	B.	Württemberg-Baden (State District Württemberg)	Non-binding survey on the reorganization of the federal territory , establishment of a south-western state	42.90%	91.44%	6.34%	2.23%	no quorum		In three of the four voting areas and in total, a majority of the voters are in favor of founding a south-western state. The three state governments involved then began to actually prepare for the merger.
	B.	Württemberg-Baden (Baden State District)	Non-binding survey on the reorganization of the federal territory, establishment of a south-western state	60.44%	55.95%	41.54%	2.52%	no quorum
	B.	to bathe	Non-binding survey on the reorganization of the federal territory, establishment of a south-western state	65.18%	39.69%	58.48%	1.83%	no quorum
	B.	Württemberg-Hohenzollern	Non-binding survey on the reorganization of the federal territory, establishment of a south-western state	48.76%	90.52%	7.38%	2.10%	no quorum
Nov 18, 1951	OR	to bathe	Amendment of the constitution to extend the electoral term once	?	81.11%	18.89%	?	no quorum
0Dec 9, 1951	RR	Württemberg-Baden (State District Württemberg)	Binding vote on the reorganization of the federal territory, establishment of a south-western state	50.41%	92.24%	6.40%	1.36%	no quorum		In three out of four voting areas and overall, a majority of those who voted (68.82%) are in favor of founding a south-western state. This was finally founded on April 25, 1952 under the name Baden-Württemberg.
	RR	Württemberg-Baden (Baden State District)	Binding vote on the reorganization of the federal territory, establishment of a south-western state	67.38%	56.42%	42.47%	1.11%	no quorum
	RR	to bathe	Binding vote on the reorganization of the federal territory, establishment of a south-western state	70.46%	37.47%	61.59%	0.94%	no quorum
	RR	Württemberg-Hohenzollern	Binding vote on the reorganization of the federal territory, establishment of a south-western state	52.20%	89.44%	8.41%	2.15%	no quorum
0Dec 9, 1951	OR	Württemberg-Hohenzollern	Amendment of the constitution to extend the electoral term once	?	?	?	?	no quorum
Oct 23, 1955	VV	Saarland	Referendum on the Saar Statute	94.36%	approx. 32.42%	approx. 67.58%	unknown	no quorum		A majority of those who voted spoke against the Saar Statute, which was generally seen as a vote in favor of joining the Federal Republic of Germany. The Saarland government subsequently started accession negotiations and Saarland was accepted as a new federal state on January 1, 1957.
07th July 1968	IV	Bavaria	Christian elementary schools ( template of the CSU initiative )	40.7%	approx. 8.5%	approx. 15.4%	unknown	no quorum		First referendum in the Federal Republic of Germany based on successful referendums. The majority of those who voted ultimately supported the compromise proposal that had been passed in parliament.
	IV		Christian community school ( template of the SPD / FDP initiative )		approx. 13.5%	approx. 13.7%
	PR		School Act ( counter-submission by the state parliament )		approx. 76.3%	approx. 3.3%
0March 8 1970	OR	Hesse	Lowering the active voting age from 21 to 18 years; Passive voting age from 25 to 21 years	40.30%	61.40%	37.60%	1.00%	no quorum		The vote was deliberately held before the state elections in the same year in order to enable first-time voters who would benefit from the lowering of the voting age to participate if they approved.
May 24, 1970	OR	Bavaria	Lowering the active voting age from 21 to 18 years	38.3%	approx. 54.8%	approx. 45.2%	unknown	no quorum		The vote was deliberately held before the state elections in the same year in order to enable first-time voters who would benefit from the lowering of the voting age to participate if they approved.
0June 7, 1970	IV	Baden-Wuerttemberg (North Baden)	Reorganization of the federal territory; Restoration of the state of Baden	60.80%	15.23%	84.27%	0.50%	no quorum		The referendum that triggered it had already been successfully carried out in 1956 after a corresponding judgment by the Federal Constitutional Court. A majority of the voters spoke out against the restoration of the state of Baden.
	IV	Baden-Wuerttemberg (South Baden)	Reorganization of the federal territory; Restoration of the state of Baden	64.51%	20.75%	78.74%	0.50%	no quorum
19 Sep 1971	IV	Baden-Württemberg	Dissolution of the state parliament	15.98%	53.55%	44.95%	1.49%	no quorum		Only referendum in the Federal Republic of Germany on the premature dissolution of a parliament. The referendum was run by the League for Democratic Administrative Reform and sparked off by the planned regional reform of the CDU / SPD-led state government.
0July 1, 1973	OR	Bavaria	"Landtag suffrage" - constituencies, five percent hurdle	23.3%	approx. 84.8%	approx. 15.2%	unknown	no quorum		The threshold clause that had previously been in force in Bavaria , in which a party had to win at least 10% of the votes in one of the seven administrative districts to enter the state parliament, was replaced by a nationwide 5% threshold.
0July 1, 1973	OR	Bavaria	Broadcasting freedom	23.3%	approx. 87.1%	approx. 12.9%	unknown	no quorum		Explicit anchoring of the public service of broadcasting in the Bavarian state constitution. The amendment to the constitution, finally supported by the CSU and the SPD, was preceded by a long-term heated argument between the two parties on the issue.
Jan. 19, 1975	IV	Rhineland-Palatinate (administrative districts Koblenz and Trier)	Reorganization of the federal territory; Accession of the administrative district to North Rhine-Westphalia	39.57%	33.02%	66.47%	0.50%	25% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered it was already carried out in 1956. The majority spoke out against the assignment of the administrative districts of Koblenz and Trier to North Rhine-Westphalia.
Jan. 19, 1975	IV	Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinhessen District)	Reorganization of the federal territory; Accession of the administrative district to Hesse	28.94%	24.61%	74.88%	0.50%	25% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered it was already carried out in 1956. The majority spoke out against the assignment of the administrative district of Rheinhessen to Hesse.
Jan. 19, 1975	IV	Rhineland-Palatinate (administrative region of Montabaur)	Reorganization of the federal territory; Accession of the administrative district to North Rhine-Westphalia	46.50%	30.79%	68.77%	0.44%	25% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered it was already carried out in 1956. The majority spoke out against the assignment of the administrative district of Montabaur to North Rhine-Westphalia.
Jan. 19, 1975	IV	Lower Saxony (Oldenburg)	Restructuring of the federal territory to create an independent federal state of Oldenburg	38.34%	80.85%	18.46%	0.69%	25% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered it was already carried out in 1956. Due to the "Law on the regulation of the national affiliation of the administrative district of Oldenburg and the administrative district of Schaumburg-Lippe according to Article 29 Paragraph 3 Clause 2 of the Basic Law" passed by the Bundestag on January 9, 1976, the resolved reorganization was never implemented.
Jan. 19, 1975	IV	Lower Saxony (Schaumburg-Lippe)	Restructuring of the federal territory to create an independent federal state of Schaumburg-Lippe	50.45%	78.31%	21.03%	0.66%	25% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered it was already carried out in 1956. Due to the "Law on the regulation of the national affiliation of the administrative district of Oldenburg and the administrative district of Schaumburg-Lippe according to Article 29 Paragraph 3 Clause 2 of the Basic Law" passed by the Bundestag on January 9, 1976, the resolved reorganization was never implemented.
17th June 1984	OR	Bavaria	Environmental protection as a national goal in the state constitution	46.2%	approx. 94.0%	approx. 6.0%	unknown	no quorum		With the successful adoption in the referendum, Bavaria was the first federal state to anchor environmental protection as a national goal in its constitution.

Federal Republic of Germany after reunification (since 1990)

As a result of the experiences with the peaceful revolution in the GDR, largely extensive direct democratic elements were anchored in the constitutions of the new states. In response to this, many West German federal states also saw discussions about the respective regulations, which often led to a significant reduction in the relevant hurdles.

date	Type	territorial corporation	Subject / title	Participation	Yes votes	No votes	invalid votes	quorum	Result	comment
Jan. 20, 1991	OR	Hesse	Insertion of Article 26a on the protection of the natural foundations of life (“national objective of environmental protection”) in the state constitution	70.80%	74.64%	16.86%	8.50%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election .
Jan. 20, 1991	OR	Hesse	Introduction of direct elections of mayors and district administrators through amendment of article 138 and introduction of article 161 in the state constitution	70.80%	75.16%	16.53%	8.31%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election.
Feb. 17, 1991	IV	Bavaria	"The better waste concept" ( template of the initiative )	43.8%	approx. 43.5%	approx. 49.2%	unknown	no quorum		First referendum based on a referendum in the Federal Republic of Germany after reunification.
	PR		Bavarian Waste Management and Contaminated Sites Act - BayAbfAlG ( counter- submission by the state parliament )		approx. 51.0%	approx. 43.1%
June 14, 1992	PR	Brandenburg	Adoption of the state constitution	47.93%	93.43%	5.93%	0.65%	no quorum		First constitutional referendum in one of the newly added federal states.
June 12, 1994	VR	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Adoption of the state constitution	65.47%	58.73%	38.94%	2.34%	no quorum
Oct 16, 1994	VR	Thuringia	Adoption of the state constitution	74.71%	67.54%	28.76%	3.70%	no quorum
Oct 16, 1994	PR	Bremen	Constitutional revision	78.29%	72.02%	22.69%	5.30%	no quorum
Feb 19, 1995	OR	Hesse	Amendment of Article 75 in the state constitution to lower the passive voting age from 21 to 18 years	65.81%	35.08%	59.02%	5.90%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election .
0Oct. 1, 1995	IV	Bavaria	'More democracy in Bavaria: referendums in municipalities and districts' "( template of the initiative )	36.8%	approx. 57.8%	approx. 3.4%	unknown	no quorum		The referendum was carried out by the association Mehr Demokratie in alliance with other organizations. The Bavarian state government appealed against the initiative to the Constitutional Court . The court largely dismissed the complaint, but diverged from the proposed submission and stipulated a quorum of approval for referendums based on the size of the municipality.
	PR		Introduction of citizens 'applications, citizens' requests and referendums in municipalities and districts ( counter-submission by the state parliament )		approx. 38.7%
Oct 22, 1995	VR	Berlin	Adoption of the state constitution	68.56%	69.99%	23.26%	6.75%	no quorum		The vote took place together with the election to the House of Representatives .
0May 5, 1996	OR	Berlin	Reorganization of the federal territory by merging Berlin and Brandenburg (reorganization treaty)	57.69%	53.60%	45.85%	0.55%	no quorum		A narrow majority of those who voted in Berlin voted for the merger, but since the rejection outweighed the majority in Brandenburg, it did not materialize.
0May 5, 1996	B.	Berlin	Preference for possible timing of a merger between Berlin and Brandenburg (1999 or 2002)	57.69%	39.02% (for 1999)	30.99% (for 2002)	29.99%	no quorum	1999	The result had no effect as the merger of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg was rejected.
0May 5, 1996	OR	Brandenburg	Reorganization of the federal territory by merging Berlin and Brandenburg (reorganization treaty)	66.39%	36.57%	62.72%	0.71%	no quorum		A majority of the voters in Brandenburg spoke out against the state merger, which means that it could not be carried out despite a majority in Berlin.
0May 5, 1996	B.	Brandenburg	Preference for possible timing of a merger between Berlin and Brandenburg (1999 or 2002)	66.39%	26.46% (for 1999)	28.38% (for 2002)	45.17%	no quorum	2002	The result had no effect as the merger of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg was rejected.
Nov. 30, 1997	IV	Schleswig-Holstein	Preservation of the day of repentance and prayer	29.35%	67.95%	31.63%	0.42%	25% approval quorum		First referendum in the Federal Republic of Germany that failed because of the quorum.
0Feb 8, 1998	OR	Bavaria	Fundamental rights and state goals	39.94%	72.78%	24.78%	2.84%	no quorum
0Feb 8, 1998	OR	Bavaria	Landtag and state government	39.94%	71.79%	25.30%	2.81%	no quorum
0Feb 8, 1998	IV	Bavaria	" Lean State without Senate " ( proposal of the initiative )	39.94%	68.40%	7.06%	1.15%	no quorum		The referendum was carried out by the association Mehr Demokratie in alliance with other organizations. The Bavarian Senate subsequently sued the result of the referendum. The Bavarian Constitutional Court dismissed the complaint, but determined that in future a 25% approval quorum in referendums would apply to constitution-amending referendums.
	PR		Senate Reform Act ( counter-submission by the state parliament )		23.34%
27 Sep 1998	IV	Schleswig-Holstein	"WE against the spelling reform"	76.36%	54.51%	28.10%	3.30%	25% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was run by the citizens' initiative “WIR against the spelling reform”. One year after the referendum, the state parliament unanimously passed a law introducing the spelling reform.
27 Sep 1998	IV	Hamburg	Change in people's legislation; Amendment of article 50 of the state constitution ( presentation of the initiative )	66.70%	68.21%	23.90%	7.90%	50% approval quorum + 2/3 yes votes		The referendum was carried out by the association Mehr Demokratie in alliance with other organizations. Despite the failure of the initiative on the approval quorum, the Hamburg citizenship took over parts of the referendum and adapted Article 50 of the state constitution accordingly. In a direct comparison, the counter-proposal by the citizens received fewer yes votes and was therefore rejected.
	PR		Change in people's legislation; Amendment of article 50 of the state constitution ( counter-submission by the citizenship )	66.70%	53.19%	35.39%	11.42%	50% approval quorum + 2/3 “yes” votes
27 Sep 1998	IV	Hamburg	Introduction of referendums and petitions in the districts ( submission of the initiative )	66.70%	67.21%	24.56%	8.22%	25% approval quorum		The referendum was carried out by the association Mehr Demokratie in alliance with other organizations. The proposal of the initiative was successful, the counter proposal of the citizens received fewer yes votes in direct comparison and was therefore rejected.
	PR		Introduction of referendums and petitions in the districts ( counter-submission by the citizens )	66.70%	52.70%	35.71%	11.59%	25% approval quorum
Oct 21, 2001	IV	Saxony	Referendum on the law amending the savings bank law of the Free State of Saxony of December 7, 1993	25.89%	84.87%	14.37%	0.40%	no quorum		The referendum was run by the citizens' initiative “Pro communal savings banks”.
22 Sep 2002	OR	Hesse	Amendment of Articles 79 and 161 in the state constitution to extend the legislative period from 4 to 5 years	79.60%	52.23%	41.89%	5.89%	no quorum
22 Sep 2002	OR	Hesse	Amendment of Article 62a (“State objective sport”) in the state constitution	79.60%	69.11%	24.50%	6.38%	no quorum
22 Sep 2002	OR	Hesse	Amendment of Article 137 in the state constitution to include the principle of connectivity	79.56%	69.52%	21.71%	8.77%	no quorum
21 Sep 2003	OR	Bavaria	Inclusion of the principle of connectivity in the state constitution	56.91%	82.68%	10.98%	6.33%	no quorum
21 Sep 2003	OR	Bavaria	Various changes to the state constitution (lowering the passive voting age from 21 to 18 years, strengthening children's rights, aligning human dignity articles with the Basic Law)	56.92%	80.53%	14.06%	5.41%	no quorum
Feb 29, 2004	IV	Hamburg	"Health is not a commodity"	64.91%	75.26%	22.77%	1.97%	20% approval quorum		The referendum was run by ver.di Hamburg and was directed against the sale of the Asklepios clinics, which were then owned by the city . Contrary to the vote of the voters, the then CDU-led Senate subsequently enforced the city hospitals.
Feb 29, 2004	IV	Hamburg	"More civil rights - a new right to vote for Hamburg" ( proposal of the initiative )	34.04%	61.98%	31.18%	6.84%	20% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was carried out by the association Mehr Demokratie in alliance with other organizations. The proposal of the initiative was accepted, but before the electoral law decided in this way could be applied even once, it was changed again with the absolute majority of votes of the CDU parliamentary group in the citizenry. The Hamburg Constitutional Court later rejected parts of these amendments as inadmissible. In a direct comparison, the counter-proposal by the citizens received fewer yes votes and was therefore rejected.
	PR		"Citizen-friendly democracy - 50 constituencies for Hamburg" ( counter-submission by the citizenship )	34.04%	47.71%	40.93%	11.35%	20% approval quorum
Jan. 23, 2005	IV	Saxony-Anhalt	Referendum on the "Law on the Promotion, Care and Education of Children in Day-Care Centers (KiBeG)"	26.37%	60.36%	39.39%	0.25%	25% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was operated by the “Alliance for a Child and Youth Friendly Saxony-Anhalt”.
17 Sep 2006	OR	Berlin	Amendment of Articles 62 and 63 (direct democracy) in the state constitution	57.26%	79.51%	15.17%	5.32%	no quorum		The constitutional amendment leading to the obligatory referendum was passed in the House of Representatives with the votes of the SPD, Die Linke.PDS , Greens and FDP . The vote was held at the same time as the election to the House of Representatives . With the amendment to Articles 62 and 63, which was adopted by the majority of the voters, the hurdles for direct democratic procedures in Berlin were significantly lowered and additional instruments such as referendums and referendums were introduced in the Berlin districts.
Oct 14, 2007	IV	Hamburg	"Hamburg strengthens the referendum"	39.12%	75.75%	23.99%	0.27%	20% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was carried out by the association Mehr Demokratie in alliance with other organizations. Due to the handling of previous referendums, further direct democratic instruments should be introduced. After the bill was accepted in the referendum, Hamburg was the only federal state in Germany with optional referenda .
Apr 27, 2008	IV	Berlin	"Tempelhof remains a commercial airport!"	36.14%	60.14%	39.66%	0.20%	25% approval quorum		First and at the same time the first spuriously failed referendum due to a referendum in Berlin. The referendum that triggered the initiative was operated by the “City-Airport Tempelhof Interest Group”. Since the referendum that triggered the referendum was not based on a law, the referendum would only have been a recommendation even if it had been successful.
Apr 26, 2009	IV	Berlin	Referendum on the introduction of the compulsory elective ethics / religion ("Pro Reli")	29.16%	48.38%	51.43%	0.19%	25% approval quorum		First referendum in the state of Berlin, which was rejected by the majority of the voters. The referendum that triggered the initiative was run by the “Pro Reli” association and later supported by the churches and prominent personalities such as Günther Jauch .
04th July 2010	IV	Bavaria	"For real non-smoker protection" - for a strict smoking ban	37.70%	60.86%	38.97%	0.17%	no quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was carried out by the ÖDP , and subsequently also supported by the SPD, the Greens and other associations. The state parliament waived the formulation of a counter-proposal.
July 18, 2010	IV	Hamburg	" We want to learn " ( template of the initiative )	39.31%	56.17%	40.66%	3.17%	20% approval quorum		The referendum that triggered the initiative was initiated by the “We want to learn!” - Support association for better education in Hamburg ”. In the vote, the proposal of the initiative received a majority, while the counter-proposal of the Hamburg citizenship was largely rejected.
	PR		School reform ( counter-submission by the citizenship )	39.31%	44.29%	53.06%	2.65%	20% approval quorum
Feb 13, 2011	IV	Berlin	Referendum on the disclosure of the partial privatization agreements at Berliner Wasserbetriebe	27.51%	98.19%	1.71%	0.10%	25% approval quorum		First referendum successful in the referendum in the state of Berlin. The referendum that triggered the initiative was operated by the “Berlin Water Table” initiative.
27 Mar 2011	OR	Hesse	Inclusion of a debt brake in the state constitution	48.85%	67.72%	28.96%	3.31%	no quorum
Nov 27, 2011	RR	Baden-Württemberg	"Referendum on the law on the exercise of termination rights in the contractual agreements for the Stuttgart 21 rail project (S 21-Kündigungsgesetz) "	48.30%	40.95%	58.66%	0.39%	33.3% approval quorum		The referendum was called by the Greens / SPD-led state government due to a rejection of the bill in the state parliament.
Sep 15 2013	OR	Bavaria	Promotion of equal living and working conditions	63.15%	86.72%	10.07%	7.95%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election .
Sep 15 2013	OR	Bavaria	Promotion of voluntary work for the common good	63.15%	82.10%	8.44%	9.46%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election.
Sep 15 2013	OR	Bavaria	European Union affairs	63.15%	74.11%	13.98%	11.91%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election.
Sep 15 2013	OR	Bavaria	Introduction of a debt brake	63.15%	79.48%	10.18%	10.33%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election.
Sep 15 2013	OR	Bavaria	Appropriate funding of the municipalities	63.15%	82.22%	7.54%	10.24%	no quorum		Carried out at the same time as the state election.
22 Sep 2013	IV	Hamburg	"Our Hamburg - Our network"	68.70%	50.02%	48.29%	1.69%	401,892 “Yes” votes		The referendum was held at the same time as the general election. The referendum that triggered the initiative was run by the “Our Hamburg - Our Network” alliance, an association of Attac , the BUND and around 30 other organizations. The referendum was held together with the 2013 federal election and was therefore subject to a modified approval quorum.
0Nov 3, 2013	IV	Berlin	" New Energy for Berlin "	29.07%	83.03%	16.77%	0.19%	25% approval quorum		The referendum was run by the “Berliner Energietisch” alliance. The proposal missed the approval quorum in the referendum with 24.1 percent by just under 21,000 votes.
May 25, 2014	IV	Berlin	" Tempelhofer Feld "	46.13%	64.32%	29.93%	5.75%	25% approval quorum		The referendum was run by the “Citizens' Initiative 100% Tempelhofer Feld” and carried out at the same time as the European elections. The bill achieved a majority in all districts of Berlin and the resulting People's Law came into force on June 25, 2014.
06 Sep 2015	IV	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	Against the judicial reform	23.73%	83.21%	16.79%	0.27%	33.3% approval quorum		The referendum against the reform of the judicial structure was carried out by the Pro Justiz Association and the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Judges' Association.

See also : Referendum on extending the election period in Bremen 2017

See also

• List of referendums in European countries
• List of federal referendums

literature

• Gunther Jürgens, Frank Rehmet: Direct Democracy in the Federal States - An Overview . In: Hermann K. Heussner, Otmar Jung (Ed.): Dare to dare more direct democracy. Referendum and referendum: history - practice - proposals. Olzog, Munich ² 2009, ISBN 3-7892-8252-9 , pp. 187-233.

Web links

• Referendums based on referendums in Germany since 1945 , overview on the website of Mehr Demokratie e. V., as of November 2013
• Mandatory referendums, constitutional referenda and special votes in the German federal states since 1945 , overview on the website of Mehr Demokratie e. V., as of November 2013

Individual evidence

1. ^ At the same time in the Federal Republic and West Berlin, a collection of signatures organized by the KPD for the initiative for a referendum against rearmament was running . According to the company, 9 million signatures were collected in open lists. See Till Kössler: Farewell to the Revolution: Communists and Society in West Germany 1945 - 1968 . Düsseldorf: Droste 2005, p. 290 ff
2. ↑ Announcement of the result in GVBl. 29/1951 , p. 185.
3. ^ Wording of the judgment

general remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} Number of invalid votes not recorded or not reproduced in the source.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d It was} only possible to vote with "Yes" for one proposal.

Evidence of specific votes

1. ^ Badisches Statistisches Landesamt (Ed.): The elections to the Baden state parliament on October 30, 1921 . I. Special issue of the statistical reports on the state of Baden. tape XI . Karlsruhe 1922.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Dr. Karl Alnor: The results of the referendums of February 10 and March 14, 1920 in the 1st and 2nd Schleswig zone (=  native writings of the Schleswig-Holsteiner Bund . Volume 15 ). Verlag des Schleswig-Holsteiner-Bund, Flensburg (Lutherhaus) 1925, DNB  578738325 .
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Nakladem Glównego Urzędu Statystytczengo (ed.): Rocznik statystyki Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej . Annuaire statistique de la République Polonaise. 1 1920/22 part II. Warsaw 1923, p. 358 ( Plebiscite.pdf [accessed December 22, 2013] Publication of the voting statistics in Polish and French.).
4. ^ Statistisches Landesamt Bremen (Ed.): Statistical yearbook of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . Bremen 1929, DNB  012851159 , p. 367 .
5. ↑ Referendum on the dissolution of the Hessian Landtag, December 5, 1926. Contemporary history in Hesse. (As of June 3, 2012). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
6. ^ Essay by Otmar Jung: Direct Democracy - Experiences and Perspectives . Ed .: Saxon State Center for Political Education. without location 2008, p. 1 (The text is based on a lecture given on June 11, 2008 at the Institute for Political Science at the Technical University of Dresden.).
7. ^ Otmar Jung : Plebiscite and dictatorship: The referendums of the National Socialists . the cases "Leaving the League of Nations" (1933), "Head of State" (1934) and "Anschluss Österreichs" (1938) (=  contributions to the legal history of the 20th century . Volume 13 ). Tübingen 1995, ISBN 3-16-146491-5 , p. 119-121 .
8. ↑ All percentages summarize the information given in the source for Imperial German, Austrian and voting members of the Austrian Armed Forces.
9. ^ Essay by Otmar Jung: Direct Democracy - Experiences and Perspectives . Ed .: Saxon State Center for Political Education. without location 2008, p. 10–11 (The text goes back to a lecture given on June 11, 2008 at the Institute for Political Science at the Technical University of Dresden.).
10. ^ State statistical offices in Stuttgart and Karlsruhe (ed.): The elections of 1946 in Württemberg-Baden . Systematic presentation of the official results of the elections for the municipal, district and state representations and the referendum on the constitution with textual and graphic explanations. Karlsruhe 1947.
11. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Official final results of referendums in Bavaria since 1946 (PDF).
12. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} Official final results  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of all Hessian referendums since 1946 (PDF).  
13. ^ The 1946/47 elections in Baden . In: Statistisches Landesamt Baden (ed.): Statistical messages for Baden . Freiburg i.Br. 1947.
14. ↑ State election and referendum on the constitution of May 18, 1947 in Württemberg-Hohenzollern . In: Statistisches Landesamt Württemberg-Hohenzollern (Ed.): Württemberg-Hohenzollern in figures . 2nd year No. 5–6, 1947, p. 209-213 .
15. ↑ https://www.nd-archiv.de/artikel/1289707.das-result-aller-abstimmen-gegen-remilitarisierung.html
16. ^ Socialist Unity Party of Germany (ed.): New Germany . No. 154 . Berlin, July 4th 1954, final result of the referendum in the GDR, p. 3 .
17. ↑ This information summarizes the voting results of the German Democratic Republic and the Eastern Sector of Greater Berlin.
18. ↑ Instead of answering a “yes” or “no” voting question, the options were “for a peace treaty and the withdrawal of the occupation troops” (= “yes”) and “for EVG, general contract and leaving the occupation forces for 50 years” (= “ No ”) to choose from.
19. ^ Socialist Unity Party of Germany (ed.): New Germany . No. 98 . Berlin April 7, 1968, result of the referendum of April 6, 1968 on the constitution of the GDR, p. 1 .
20. ↑ ^{a b c d} Official final result ( memento from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) of the 1950 referendums.
21. ↑ ^{a b c d} Official final result ( memento from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) of the 1951 referendum.
22. ↑ Saarpfalz-Kreis (ed.): The Saar vote of October 23, 1955 (=  Saarpfalz. Blätter für Geschichte und Volkskunde . No. 2006 ). ISSN  0930-1011 , DNB  024710261 , p. 123–125 (special issue).
23. ↑ ^{a b} Official final result ( memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the referendum in 1970. 
24. ↑ Official final result ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the popular vote in 1971. 
25. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Federal Ministry of Justice (Ed.): Announcement of the overall results of the referendums carried out on January 19, 1975 in parts of the territories of the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Lower Saxony in accordance with Article 29 Paragraph 3 of the Basic Law . No. 34 , 1975.
26. ↑ ^{a b c} Official final results of the regional returning officer Rhineland-Palatinate.
27. ↑ ^{a b} Oldenburg Act , January 9, 1976 (PDF)
28. ^ The head of the state voting / state office for data processing and statistics Brandenburg (ed.): Referendum on the constitution for the state of Brandenburg on June 14, 1992. Final result. Potsdam 1992.
29. ↑ Official final result ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the referendum on the adoption of the state constitution in 1994. 
30. ↑ No publication known, figures obtained on direct request from the regional returning officer of the state of Thuringia.
31. ↑ State Statistical Office in Bremen (ed.): Statistical reports . B VII 1. Bremen 1995, DNB  01329461X , p. 20 .
32. ^ Statistisches Landesamt Berlin (Ed.): Elections in October 95 . Berlin 1995.
33. ↑ Information is made up of “invalid votes” and “failed votes”.
34. ^ Statistisches Landesamt Berlin (Ed.): Berlin Statistics . Statistical reports. B VII 4-96. Berlin 1997.
35. ^ Statistisches Landesamt Berlin (Ed.): Berlin Statistics . Statistical reports. B VII 4-96. Berlin 1997.
36. ^ Der Landesabstimmungsleiter (Ed.): Referendum in the Land Brandenburg on May 5, 1996 on the reorganization contract. Final result. Potsdam 1996.
37. ^ Der Landesabstimmungsleiter (Ed.): Referendum in the Land Brandenburg on May 5, 1996 on the reorganization contract. Final result. Potsdam 1996.
38. ^ The Minister of the Interior of Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Official Journal for Schleswig-Holstein . 1998, DNB  011222344 , p. 5 .
39. ↑ ^{a b c} Official final result of the referendums in 1998.
40. ^ The Minister of the Interior of Schleswig-Holstein (ed.): Official Journal for Schleswig-Holstein . 1998, DNB  011222344 , p. 904 .
41. ↑ ^{a b} Official final result of the referendums in 1998.
42. ^ Final result of the referendum on the Savings Banks Act in 2001 (Excel format).
43. ↑ Official final result ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the referendum on the principle of connectivity (referendum 1) in 2003. 
44. ↑ Official final result ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the referendum on various constitutional amendments (referendum 2) in 2003. 
45. ↑ ^{a b} Official final result of the referendums in 2004.
46. ↑ Final result of the referendum on childcare in day care centers in 2005.
47. ^ Elections in Berlin . State Statistical Office. S98
48. ^ Official final result of the referendum in 2007.
49. ↑ Final result of the referendum to keep Tempelhof Airport open in 2008 (PDF).
50. ↑ Final result of the referendum on the introduction of the compulsory elective area ethics / religion in 2009 (PDF).
51. ^ Official final result of the referendum on the protection of non-smokers in 2010.
52. ^ Official final result of the referendum in 2010.
53. ↑ Final result of the referendum on the disclosure of the partial privatization agreements at Berliner Wasserbetriebe in 2011 (PDF).
54. ↑ Official final result ( Memento of the original dated December 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the popular vote of 2011. 
55. ↑ Official final result of the referendum on promoting equal living conditions (referendum 1) in 2013.
56. ↑ Official final result of the referendum on voluntary work (referendum 2) in 2013.
57. ↑ Official final result of the referendum on European Union affairs (referendum 3) in 2013.
58. ↑ Official final result of the referendum on the debt brake (referendum 4) in 2013.
59. ↑ Official final result of the referendum on the financial resources of the municipalities (referendum 5) in 2013.
60. ^ Official final result of the referendum in 2013.
61. ↑ The approval quorum corresponds to the number of votes that was necessary in the Bundestag election, which was held at the same time, to obtain the majority of the seats filled by the state of Hamburg.
62. ↑ Final result of the referendum “New Energy for Berlin” in 2013.
63. ↑ Final result of the referendum “Tempelhofer Feld” in 2014.
64. ↑ Final result of the referendum on judicial structural reform in 2015.