List of Palatinate castles

The list of palatinate palaces includes the residences of the historic state of the Electoral Palatinate of the Holy Roman Empire. Its territory stretched as a patchwork quilt across today's federal states of Bavaria , Baden-Württemberg , Hesse , Rhineland-Palatinate , Saarland , French Alsace and, for a short time, the Innviertel , Tyrol and Vorarlberg . Eichartzhausen in Lorraine , on the other hand, was owned by the Pfalz-Veldenz branch line .

In terms of time, this list covers the period from 1214, when the Bavarian Wittelsbacher Palatine Counts near the Rhine , to 1816. From 1356 to 1806, with one interruption, they held the title of Elector of the Holy Roman Empire .

Spatially, this list includes the Lower Palatinate ( Palatinate on the Rhine ) and the Upper Palatinate, which belonged to the Electoral Palatinate from 1329 to 1628 . The capitals were Heidelberg , Mannheim and Frankenthal as well as Amberg for the Upper Palatinate. After 1685 Düsseldorf became the capital for a time. In 1778 Munich became the state's last main residence.

The castles of the Palatine branch lines Simmern, Mosbach, Neuburg with the Duchy of Jülich-Berg , Neumarkt, and Zweibrücken are not on this list unless they belonged to the Electoral Palatinate.

Historical events

Wars and inheritance divisions were essential cuts for the layout of the territory and the affiliation of the palaces and castles to the Palatinate.

1329 House contract from Pavia : The Upper Palatinate comes to the Electoral Palatinate.

In 1410, castles of the Electoral Palatinate were transferred to the new branch lines Pfalz-Simmern-Zweibrücken , Pfalz-Mosbach and Pfalz-Neumarkt as part of the Palatinate inheritance .

1460–1463 Badisch-Palatinate War .

1504 Helfenberg Castle is destroyed in the Landshut War of Succession .

1505 After the peace verdict, the Young Palatinate was formed, a fragmented area from the Upper Danube over Franconia to the northern Upper Palatinate. Neuburg an der Donau became the capital of the duchy .

1525 Palatine Peasants' War .

1559 With the succession of the Pfalz-Simmern line, Simmern Castle comes to the Electoral Palatinate.

1618–1648 Thirty Years War , destruction of the Imperial Palace in Kaiserslautern.

1628 Decisive for the Electoral Palatinate was the loss of the first electoral dignity as well as the loss of the Upper Palatinate with its castles and palaces to the Bavarian Wittelsbachers.

1674/75 Turenne devastated the Palatinate during the Dutch War .

In 1685 the Palatinate-Neuburg line inherits the Electoral Palatinate.

1688–1697 During the War of the Palatinate Succession , many palaces and castles are destroyed.

1701–1714 The War of the Spanish Succession is also waged in the Electoral Palatinate. In its course, from 1708 to 1714, the entire Bavarian Upper Palatinate came under Palatinate rule again.

In 1742, Carl Theodor from the Pfalz-Sulzbach family took over the Electoral Palatinate inheritance. The Sulzbacher Residenz falls to the Electoral Palatinate.

In 1778 Carl Theodor was also elector of Bavaria , and the united electorate of Palatinate-Baiern was established .

1779 Peace of Teschen , cession of the Innviertel

1797 In the first revolutionary war , the Electoral Palatinate on the left bank of the Rhine falls to revolutionary France .

In 1799 the castles of the Duchy of Zweibrücken fell to the Electoral Palatinate, but the buildings on the left bank of the Rhine were ruined and owned by France, in 1801 also by contract.

1803 With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the Electoral Palatinate is dissolved, remaining palaces and castles fall to Baden and Hessen-Darmstadt . Some episcopal residence castles come to Palatinate Bavaria.

1805 the Innviertel, Tyrol and Vorarlberg come to Palatinate-Bavaria.

1806 Assignment of the Duchy of Berg , access to further prince-bishop's castles.

1806 Foundation of the Kingdom of Bavaria .

1815 Congress of Vienna, final layout of the territory.

1816 Kingdom of Bavaria as a constitutional state with eight administrative districts.
- Reconstruction of the Zweibrücken Castle.

See: Castles and Residences in Bavaria

Palatinate castles and residences

The list is currently still a selection of locks and is by no means complete.

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Surname	place	function	Duration	Whereabouts and state of preservation
Amberg Castle ( Upper Palatinate )	Bavaria Bavaria Amberg	kurf. residence	1417-1628	Castle, expanded into a palace since 1417, burned down; South wing preserved
Deinschwang Castle ( Upper Palatinate )	Bavaria Bavaria Lauterhofen	Hunting lodge	1530-1628	built around 1527, today a farmhouse; Leftovers
Benrath Castle	North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia Düsseldorf - Benrath	Lustschloss widow's seat	1757-1806	Built 1755–1773; significant architectural total work of art
Düsseldorf Castle	North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia Düsseldorf	kurf. residence	1685-1806	Expanded in 1755; demolished after fire in 1872; Tower preserved
Jägerhof Castle	North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia Düsseldorf - Pempelfort	Hunting lodge	1752-1806	Built 1752–1763; receive
Klein-Frankenthal	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Frankenthal	Widow's seat	1610-1689	1809 beggar deposit; overbuilt
Friedelsheim	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Friedelsheim	Widow's seat	1433-1689	Castle overbuilt by a castle; destroyed, keep preserved
Germersheim Castle	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Germersheim	Headquarters	1325-1674	Castle, expanded to a palace, destroyed; overbuilt
Gwiggen Castle	Austria Austria Hohenweiler		1805-1810	Auctioned in 1806; monastery since 1856
Heidelberger Castle	Baden-Württemberg Baden-Wuerttemberg Heidelberg	kurf. residence	1401-1693	Castle, expanded into a palace since 1401, destroyed in 1689/1693; ruin
Rohrbach Castle	Baden-Württemberg Baden-Wuerttemberg Heidelberg-Rohrbach	Hunting lodge	1799-1803	built around 1770; received, specialist clinic
Helfenberg Castle ( Upper Palatinate )	Bavaria Bavaria Velburg	lock	1370-1504	Castle, converted into a palace; ruin
Hofburg in Innsbruck	Austria Austria Innsbruck	residence	1805-1810	Castle, then chateau, rebuilt in Rococo style; receive
Imperial Palace	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Kaiserslautern	pfalzgräfl. residence	1357-1688	Castle, extended to the palace, destroyed in 1635/1688/1703 and blown up; Remains received
Karlsberg Castle	Saarland Saarland Homburg	hereditary prince residence	1799-1801	Burned down in 1793; Ruin, remains
Mannheim Castle	Baden-Württemberg Baden-Wuerttemberg Mannheim	kurf. residence	1720-1803	Built 1720–1760; destroyed in World War II; reconstructed, university
Zweibrücken Palace	Bavaria Bavaria Mannheim	hereditary prince residence	1799-1803	destroyed in WWII
Mühlauschlösschen	Baden-Württemberg Baden-Wuerttemberg Mannheim	hereditary prince residence	1732-1803	Built in 1730; Canceled in 1893
Mattighofen Castle	Austria Austria Mattighofen	bay. Official seat	1778-1779	Rebuilt in 1799; received, city office u. Event hall
Munich residence	Bavaria Bayern Munich	kurf. residence	1778- 1918	destroyed in World War II; reconstructed
Nymphenburg Castle	Bavaria Bayern Munich - Nymphenburg	Summer residence	1778- 1918	Preserved, now houses some museums
Neuschloß Castle	Baden-Württemberg Baden-Wuerttemberg Lampertheim	Hunting lodge	1468-1622	1504/1622 destroyed, partial demolition; Official building received
Oggersheim Castle	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Oggersheim	Electoral seat	-1794	burned out and worn away
Oppenheim Castle, Landskron	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Oppenheim	lock	1315-1621	1615 castle, 1621 burned down, 1689 keep blown up; ruin
Palais Deux-Ponts	France Paris	hereditary prince residence	1799-1813	?
Neuburg Castle	Bavaria Bavaria Neuburg on the Danube	kurf. Trunk lock	1527-1557 1685- 1918	Castle, since 1527 conversion to a castle, 1557 to Pfalz-Zweibrücken , 1569 to Neuburg ; receive
Palatinate Castle	Hesse Hessen Groß-Umstadt	Castle , seat of the upper office	1390–1803 (with interruptions)	Around 1300 castle, from 1390 Palatinate, 15th century castle reconstruction, 1504 to 1521 and 1626 to 1648 Hessian , 1803 finally to Hesse, 1806 rebuilt after fire
Neumarkt Castle ( Upper Palatinate )	Bavaria Bavaria Neumarkt	residence	1329-1410 1490-1628	Burned down in 1520, water castle in 1539 ; today district court
Rhenen Castle	Netherlands Netherlands Rhenen	Exile residence	1629- 1650	Built 1629–1631; Burned down around 1800
Schwetzingen Castle	Baden-Württemberg Baden-Wuerttemberg Schwetzingen	Summer residence	1697-1803	Hunting lodge, extended until 1753; receive
Simmern Castle	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Simmern	kurf. Trunk lock	1311-1410 1559-1689	1410 to Pfalz-Simmern , expanded into a residence since 1460, blown up in 1689; overbuilt
Hôtel des Deux-Ponts	France France Strasbourg	hereditary prince residence	1799-1801	receive; Military command
Sulzbach Castle ( Upper Palatinate )	Bavaria Bavaria Sulzbach-Rosenberg	pfalzgräfl. residence	1305-1505 1742- 1918	1505 to Pfalz-Neuburg , 1742 Pfalz-Sulzbach inherits the Electoral Palatinate; lock
Weinheim Castle	Baden-Württemberg Baden-Wuerttemberg Weinheim	Second residence	1423-1725	built from 1423/1537, modernized; today u. a. City administration
Zweibrücken Castle	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Zweibrücken	Trunk lock	1385-1410	1410 at Pfalz-Zweibrücken , destroyed; overbuilt
Zweibrücken Castle	Rhineland-Palatinate Rhineland-Palatinate Zweibrücken	hereditary prince residence	1799-1801	Built 1720–1725; Ruined in 1793; 1820 church, later OLG (until today)