Lucien Bechmann

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Fondation Deutsch de la Meurthe in the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris

Lucien Adolphe Bechmann (born July 25, 1880 in Paris ; † October 29, 1968 there ) was a French architect who built the Hôpital Rothschild , the Chasseloup-Laubat synagogue and the Shell building near the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris has built.

family

Lucien Bechmann came from a Jewish family and was the son of Georges Bechmann (1848–1927), an engineer from the École polytechnique who was involved in the construction of the north-south line of the Paris Métro . In 1903 Lucien Bechmann married Germaine Kapferer, with whom he had five children, two of whom became architects: Geneviève Dreyfus Sée and Roland Bechmann.

career

In 1898 Lucien Bechmann was admitted to the art school ( École des Beaux-Arts ) in Paris. One of his teachers was Victor Laloux (1850-1937), the architect of the Orsay train station (now the Musée d'Orsay ) in Paris. His first apartment building built Lucien Bechmann at the age of 26 years in Paris, on the Rue de Vignes. No. 60, where he established his home and his office. The building had gas, electricity, elevators and central heating.

A large number of his clients belonged to the Jewish community, such as Edmond de Rothschild , Pierre de Günzbourg or Émile Deutsch de la Meurthe . In 1906 he traveled to England , Germany and Austria on behalf of Edmond de Rothschild with the doctor Léon Zadoc Kahn and visited the newest hospitals with him. For Edmond de Rothschild he realized the new building of the Hôpital Rothschild , which had been founded by his father Baron James de Rothschild in 1852. Léon Zadoc Kahn was the hospital's chief physician until his deportation in 1942. The hospital is an ensemble of 13 individual pavilions made of natural stone and brick . The Chasseloup-Laubat synagogue in the 15th arrondissement of Paris, which Lucien Bechmann also commissioned Edmond de Rothschild and which was inaugurated in 1913, is also a construction made of natural stone and brick . For the interior of the synagogue, such as the galleries and the open roof of the lantern , Bechmann used a wooden structure with visible beams.

In 1911 Lucien Bechmann built a country house, Le Vallon , in the Norman style for himself and his family in Jouy-en-Josas , a western suburb of Paris . Following the example of his own house, he designed a larger country house for Pierre de Günzbourg in Garches , Les Quatre Vents , a construction made of partially plastered bricks and half-timbered houses , which now houses a music school.

Saint-Lazare metro station

In 1912, Lucien Bechmann was commissioned by the Société du chemin de fer électrique souterrain Nord-Sud de Paris to build an underground hall under the Place du Havre for the metro station Saint-Lazare on the north-south line, which Lucien's father had helped to build .

During the First World War , Lucien Bechmann volunteered and took part in the Battle of Verdun . In 1917 he was awarded the Croix de guerre .

After the First World War, the social housing, built from brick based on Bechmann's designs, was built on Rue Claude-Decaen in the 12th arrondissement , on the outskirts of Paris. In 1920, Lucien Bechmann was commissioned by the patron Pierre de Günzbourg to build an operating theater for the Hôpital Saint-Michel in the 15th arrondissement . He provided it with a glass dome, which was surrounded by a gallery from which the operation could be followed. The surgeon's comments were relayed via microphones .

His most extensive commission between the two world wars was the construction of the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris , for which Lucien Bechman designed the overall concept and realized the pavilions of the Fondation Émile and Louise Deutsch de la Meurthe and the pavilion André Honnorat. The Cité Internationale Universitaire goes back to a foundation by Émile Deutsch de la Meurthe, who donated ten million francs to the University of Paris in 1922 for the construction of 350 student apartments. He was supported by the then Minister of Education André Honnorat . The French government provided nine hectares of land on Boulevard Jourdan, on the southern outskirts of Paris, for the construction. The Cité Universitaire facility was inspired by English and American campus universities that Lucien Bechmann met on a trip to the United States in November / December 1927. The design for the main building, Maison Internationale, was originally designed by Lucien Bechmann. However, the building was realized according to the plans of an American architect, which the new financier John D. Rockefeller enforced. Bechmann remained active in an advisory capacity. From 1932 to 1933 he built the entrance pavilions in the Cité Internationale Universitaire and in 1950 another student residence , the Fondation Victor-Lyon.

One of the largest office buildings in Paris was the Shell building, which Lucien Bechmann worked with the architect Maurice Chatenay in the early 1930s between the streets of Rue Washington, Rue d'Artois and Rue de Berri in the 8th arrondissement of Paris the avenue des Champs-Élysées , built. The building with eight floors and a usable area of ​​60,000 m² is a construction with a core made of reinforced concrete. The facade, the vertical lines of which are emphasized by massive pillars, is designed in the Art Deco style. Each of the six inner courtyards has an area of ​​over 350 m², the garages offer space for 300 vehicles. At that time, attention was particularly drawn to its completion in just 62 working days, three days earlier than planned. This was possible through the use of prefabricated parts and the exact planning of the material delivery.

Lucien Bechmann spent the years between 1941 and 1944 in Dauphiné on a farm near Grenoble . In 1946, Lucien Bechmann was appointed lead architect for the reconstruction in the north department. In 1950 he built a house on the Place de la Gare in Douai . One of his last projects, on which he worked with his son Roland Bechmann, was the garden city of Clos-d'Origny in Massy , a complex of social housing in the Essonne department south-west of Paris .

Prizes and awards

Buildings

  • 1902–1904: day nursery in the 13th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1905: Farm in Boulains in the Seine-et-Marne department
  • 1905–1906: Kindergarten in Boulains Castle in the Seine-et-Marne department for Emile Deutsch de la Meurthe
  • 1906–1907: House at 60 rue des Vignes in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1907: House at 67 rue des Vignes in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1907: House on 19 Boulevard de Grenelle in the 15th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1908: Villa Mascart in Saint-Cloud in the Hauts-de-Seine department
  • Around 1909: Workers' houses for Madame Philippi in Colombes in the Hauts-de-Seine department
  • 1909–1914: Chemin de la Muette houses No. 1, 4, 6 in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1910: grave for Léon Lévy in the cemetery?
  • 1910: Usine de bretzels (pretzel factory) for M. Rudolph at 39 rue de Lourmel in the 15th arrondissement of Paris
  • Around 1910: Rotunda of the Metro in Billancourt
  • 1911: Lucien Bechmann's country house, Le Vallon , in Jouy-en-Josas in the Yvelines department
  • Around 1911: aluminum smelter in Saint-Ouen in the Seine-Saint-Denis department
  • Around 1911: Montluçon Hospital
  • 1911–1912: House at 103 rue Lafayette in the 9th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1912: The underground hall of the Saint-Lazare metro station under the Place du Havre for the North-South Company
  • 1913: Villa Hirsch at 18 rue Labordère in Neuilly-sur-Seine in the Hauts-de-Seine department
  • 1910–1913: Chasseloup-Laubat synagogue in the 15th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1910–1914: Hôpital Rothschild at 76 rue Picpus in the 12th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1913–1920: Social housing ( HBM Claude-Decaen ) at 72 rue Claude-Decaen and rue Tourneux in the 12th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1913–1926: Œuvre d'assistance par le travail workshop for David David-Weill and Gustave Marzbach at 5 rue Durance in the 12th arrondissement of Paris
  • Around 1919: Auto repair shop at 19 rue de Passy in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1919-1921: Cottage (country) Les quatre vents in the Rue du 19 Janvier No. 60bis in. Garches in Hauts-de-Seine
  • 1919–1925: Le Toit familial (family residence ) in Saint-Germain-en-Laye in the Yvelines department
  • 1920: Operating theater of the Hôpital Saint-Michel on Rue Olivier-de-Serres in the 15th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1922–1925: Fondation Émile and Louise Deutsch de la Meurthe in the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris (CIUP) in the 14th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1923–1954: Overall design for the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris
  • 1923–1925: Villa Goldet on Rue La Bruyère in Versailles in the Yvelines department
  • 1924: Office building for the Société anonyme des Pétroles Jupiter on Rue La Boétie in the 8th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1924: Madame Behrendt's house at 9–11 rue Maspéro in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1924: House on avenue du Maréchal-Maunoury in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1924–1925: Residential building at 8–10 avenue Lowendal in the 7th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1926: Residential building at 35 Boulevard Murat in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • Around 1926: Cité-jardin ( garden city ) in Bièvres in the Essonne department
  • 1927: Apartment buildings on No. 1 Boulevard Emile-Augier in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1927: House at 23 rue du Conseiller-Collignon in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1928–1929: House on Rue d'Andigné in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
  • 1930: Shell office building at 42 rue Washington, 45 rue d'Artois and 29 rue de Berri in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, with Maurice Chatenay
  • 1932–1933 Entrance pavilions of the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris
  • 1938: Office building for the Astra company in Asnières-sur-Seine in the Hauts-de-Seine department
  • 1939: Foyer d'enfants type 50 (children's home)
  • 1946: Reconstruction of the buildings on the Place de la Gare in Douai
  • 1950: Fondation Victor-Lyon in the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris
  • 1951–1954: Cité-jardin Clos-d'Origny (social housing) in Massy in the Essonne department (with his son Roland Bechmann et J. Giraud).

Fonts

  • La Cité universitaire de Paris. Report présenté au Congrès international d'urbanisme. Strasbourg 1923.
  • La Cité universitaire de Madrid. In: L'Architecture. No. 2, 1930, pp. 45-48.
  • A propos d'un grand chantier. L'immeuble Shell à Paris. In: L'Entreprise française. May 1931.
  • La Cité universitaire de Paris. In: La Construction Moderne. December 1936.
  • Quelques opinions on the prefabrication et l'industrialisation du bâtiment. In: L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui. No. 4, 1946, p. 13.
  • La Cité universitaire de Paris fête son jubilé. In: La Construction Moderne. No. 6, June 1950, pp. 212-222.
  • L'Immeuble commercial Shell à Paris. In: Sciences et industrie. May 1953.

literature

  • Jean Colson, Marie-Christine Lauroa (ed.): Dictionnaire des Monuments de Paris. Éditions Hervas, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-84334-001-2 , pp. 178-180, 647, 757, 771.
  • Mathilde Dion: Notices biographiques d'architectes français. Institut français d'architecture / Archives d'architecture du XXe siècle, Paris 1991.
  • Geneviève Dreyfus Sée: La carrière de Lucien Bechmann. o. O., o. J.
  • Dominique Jarrassé: Guide du Patrimoine Juif Parisien. Parigramme, Paris 2003, ISBN 978-2-84096-247-2 , pp. 96-99, 177, 178, 185.
  • Gilles-Antoine Langlois (ed.): Montparnasse et le XIVe arrondissement. Action artistique de la Ville de Paris, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-913246-06-0 , pp. 214-223.
  • Bertrand Lemoine: La Cité internationale universitaire de Paris. Éditions Hervas, Paris 1990, ISBN 2-903118-52-3 .

Web links

Commons : Lucien Bechmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Bechmann, Lucien
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bechmann, Lucien Adolphe
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French architect, architectural theorist
DATE OF BIRTH July 25, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH October 29, 1968
Place of death Paris