Mah Nà Mah Nà
Mah Nà Mah Nà (also known as Mahna Mahna , Mah na Mah na or Mah-Nà Mah-Nà along with various other spellings) is the title of a song by Piero Umiliani . The piece was originally part of a film score for the Italian film Svezia, inferno e paradiso ( Sweden - Hell or Paradise? ) From 1968, and was initially entitled Viva la Sauna Svedese . In 1969 it hit the charts in the USA under the title Mah Nà Mah Nà thanks to its radio success.
The piece, based on the principle of call and response of a male and a female singing voice, shows musical forms of improvisation in jazz and can be ascribed to the genre of easy listening . The text consists of a sound sequence without meaning ( scat ). Because of its catchy melody, the song is also known as a catchy tune . It became internationally known for its 1969 interpretations on the American children's television program Sesame Street and in the Muppet Show produced in Great Britain in 1976. Mah Nà Mah Nà experienced numerous musical revisions and was processed commercially in various areas of the entertainment industry and in advertising worldwide.
History of origin
The vocal piece was first heard in the film Svezia - Inferno e Paradiso , an Italian production directed by Luigi Scattini , as part of the soundtrack , composed by Piero Umiliani. The film, a pseudo-documentary about the sex life of the Swedish population, conveyed - according to the lexicon of the international film - precisely those “ clichés ” that it claimed to “want to dispel”. The orchestrated song accompanied a short sequence in which a group of young, predominantly blonde women, wrapped in winter coats and with handbags, suitcases or towels under their arms, strive through a snowy landscape into a sauna house. After a cut in the next setting you see them in the interior of the cottage on the benches sit close together and now wrapped only in towels.
Viva la Sauna Svedese
After Piero Umiliani's soundtrack was recorded in June 1968, around five minutes of background music were missing for a few scenes, including the one in the sauna. Umiliani and Alessandro Alessandroni improvised with Maurizio Majorana ( bass ), Carlo Pes ( guitar ), Roberto Podio ( drums ) and Antonello Vannucchi ( Hammond organ ) - four orchestral musicians who later appeared as a quartet under the name I Marc 4 in the 1970s - spontaneously a short phrase . They called the result of 106 seconds Viva la Sauna Svedese ( Long live the Swedish sauna ) and recorded it with the voices of Alessandroni and his later wife Giulia de Mutiis. The film premiered in Italian cinemas on September 4, 1968. In the official release of the soundtrack in Italy by Umiliani's company Omicron, the sauna phrase did not appear; it was only included on an LP he produced with the title Psichedelica (1968), of which 200 copies were pressed and which was not intended for sale but for loan to licensees .
In October 1968, in the course of making the film for the American market, the producers Edward B. Marks Music Co. (now part of Carlin Music America Inc.) in New York became aware of these 106 seconds of the fully supplied soundtrack and used it Play several times to the background music for the strip, which appeared in August 1969 under the title Sweden: Heaven and Hell in New York. They decided to use the song as a jingle and, extended to a good two minutes (2:08), to decouple it as a single . Since American producers found the title Viva la Sauna Svedese too difficult to pronounce for their own market, they named the recording Mah-Na-Mah-Na after the input sounds sung .
First responses
On the LP Sweden Heaven And Hell , which was released in the USA and Canada in 1968 under the label Ariel Records , the title on the A side always came first. The single Máh-Ná-Mah-Ná (titled You tried to Warn Me , also from the film Sweden: Heaven and Hell , on the B-side) became a radio hit in the US and hit the American charts . On September 6, 1969, Mah Nà Mah Nà was ranked 5th on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 44 in the ranking of the music magazine Cashbox .
As Giorgio , the South Tyrolean composer Hansjörg "Giorgio" Moroder published his own version of Umiliani's song as early as 1968. In 1969, the French chansonnier and guitarist Henri Salvador followed suit with a version that gave the music its own lyrics, titled Mais non Mais non .
Music and lyrics
Genre and musical style
The piece Mah Nà Mah Nà , musically belonging to jazz , is a Novelty Song and can be assigned to Easy Listening . The accompanying voices are consistently occupied by popular, originally used rhythm group instruments of the time, such as the Hammond organ and the xylophone . Mah Nà Mah Nà differs from related genres such as muzak and lounge music due to its fast tempo (approx. 200 BPM ) and its humorous character .
Harmony and form
The harmonic system consists of simple, half-measure II-VI-VI turnarounds , chord repetitions from the harmony of jazz improvisation. The plagale cadence I-IV-I at the end offers the extension of the regular eight-measure to a 9- or 10-measure phrase . The later version of the Muppets usually has ten-beats in the solo episodes of the singing Mahna doll. In this way, compositional and improvisational set pieces that are familiar to the listener are combined with a surprising irregularity that consists here in the seemingly elongated phrases, an old catchy trick .
Melody and song quotes
The melody is divided into two vocal groups according to the call and response principle. The first melodic fragment, the “Call” Mah Nà Mah Nà , falls to the solo male voice. The downwardly directed chromatic sequence, consisting of four tones, is perceived less as a melodic progression, but more as a spoken word. The lick , which cannot be classified logically at first - a phrase that is quite common in a different context - produces a bizarre musical effect adapted to the nonsense text by using the tritone of the key as the target tone - the F sharp in the sheet music example, but the various versions are sometimes also in other keys than C major set - achieved. Only the following, identical repetitions of the phrase make this strange melody as the third of the double dominant understandable.
Most versions of the "response" are performed by two or more high female voices singing in unison . Her figure is melodically and rhythmically more varied than the “Call”, the melody and speech of the three main phrases are based on the scat singing common in jazz , which was still familiar to music listeners in the 1960s. The chromatic line of the "Call" is picked up and processed further; it aims, harmoniously moderate, in the consonant major third. The final twist of the female “response” leads the melody via the plagalism known from gospel and soul at the time to the root note of the chord, here in the example the C, which the listener expects as a resolution.
The improvisation interpolates phrases from the Swedish Rhapsody (1903) by Hugo Alfvén , from Santa Lucia , Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy and the jazz standard Lullaby of Birdland in the fast syncopated rhythm of the alla breve beat . The drum track is consistently in cross-genre and time-typical, simplified jazz and Latin - beats .
text
The text is Dadaist nonsense, a sequence of sounds without meaning. It consists of a dialogical refrain in three parts, which in the different versions underwent repeated changes in sound while maintaining the rhythm and which originally had this sequence of consonants and vowels :
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In contrast to the female “pa-tie-pie” part, the male “Mahna” part, which is performed with a closed nose and a cappella , has its own sound sequences comparable to the cadences in instrumental music, for example:
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The “Mahna” cadences were occasionally supplemented by further vowels in later versions, for example in the versions of the Muppets by “e” and “i”. The three answers to the “Mahnamahna”, however, always retained their respective text, also in the later versions.
Success story on television
The international success that made the former film song Mah Nà Mah Nà in a reworked version a universal hit came on television, namely in 1969 on Sesame Street , a promising format of American children's television and at the time in the experimental phase, as well on the prestigious Ed Sullivan Show; then he appeared in various, also international entertainment shows on television. In 1976 the song was featured in the first episode of the Muppet Show ; this version appeared in 1977 on an LP and as the A-side of a single that was sold internationally.
Sesame Street
On November 27, 1969, in the 14th episode of the children's program Sesame Street on US television, a puppet trio performed by Mah Nà Mah Nà , newly produced by Jim Henson , puppet maker and their players with their own production company. The special thing about the performance was the staging of the song by three felt figures , who, slightly slowing down the pace, gave it its own dramaturgy.
Two multi-purpose figures, in white children's clothes and dolls in green and purple dressed up as girls with pony tails and pigtails, want to sing a song and also want another person (in the German version: a boy) as the third voice. A purple boy in a gray-black striped sweater with a shaggy black face and a pink sausage nose comes over and intones “Mahna Mahna”, to which the two girls, after a brief hesitation, with their “pa-tie-pi” part in rehearsed choreography according to Art the stage accompanists follow. The Mahna Mahna singer uses his role to illustrate his role as a leading soloist. The two girls look at him in amazement over and over again during his efforts and sometimes stage their refrain as a separate appearance. Again and again the Mahna Mahna singer breaks off solo interludes, sometimes because he apparently overtakes himself vocally, sometimes because he doesn't see his performance adequately appreciated by the two girls. In a turning point, the Mahna-Mahna singer wanders into the background, singing to himself. When he becomes aware that the two girls are watching him in silence, he hurries back to increase his motor and vocal presence again until his voice fails. The increasingly moving, but still unwavering clinging of the two girls to their own singing, always the same, leaves him alone at the end with a questioning "Mahna?" It disappears again in the background of the picture, accompanied by the descending notes of a guitar string .
The German dubbed version of the puppet representation ran after taking over the broadcast as Sesame Street in 1973 in the third programs of German television.
The Ed Sullivan Show
Three days later, on November 30, 1969, the trio from Sesame Street was shown on the Ed Sullivan Show, one of the most popular television shows of the 1950s and 1960s in the United States, in which Jim Henson staged a total of 25 puppets between 1966 and 1971 presented. For the live broadcast of this program, the shaggy Mah Nà singer and his child companions from Sesame Street had been replaced by other characters, who appeared as Mahna Mahna and The Snouths .
The Mahna Mahna , still the purple multi-purpose doll with the pink sausage nose, is now equipped with head and face growth in orange. He has replaced the striped sweater with a sleeveless green costume in the look of a flokato carpet and wears his eyes as a kind of sunglasses that can blink. The duo of Snouths - designed in pink faux fur by Frank Oz - shows sky-blue eyeshadows behind black lashed hemispherical eyes and, with their small horns instead of ears and the consistently open mouths, are reminiscent of cowbells. The pink singers appear immediately with their refrain and now ask Mahna Mahna, who is passing by, to sing along with a synchronous nod of her head. The Snouths let their part sound like “du duu bi du du” instead of “pa tie pa tie pie”. The appearance of this trio increases the staging of the children's program with regard to the motif of the musical interpolations of well-known pieces, which were already created in the original and whose intonation of the Mahna Mahna in his cadences cannot land with the fellow singers. Repeatedly acknowledged by pink shaking his head, he varies his part with other vowels , sticks his nose into the sounding openings, leads his movements like his voice increasingly off-screen and at the end throws himself in front of the clattering camera eyes with a "Mah na Mah na!"
The performance of Mahna Mahna and The Snouths made it to the Dick Cavett Show in 1971 and in the same year to the internationally successful television variety This is Tom Jones between 1969 and 1971 . In 1969 and 1970 the song was used as background music on the Red Skelton Show; In the 1970s he occasionally accompanied the skits in the Benny Hill Show in his own instrumental version .
The Muppet Show
On September 5, 1976, a new format with the Muppets, called Sesame Street dolls, premiered, in which the puppeteers Jim Henson and Frank Oz put some well-known characters from the children's series into an entertainment program for adults who let them play in a theater . It was produced in the UK under the title The Muppet Show . The first episode, in which the South African dancer and actress Juliet Prowse appeared as a guest star, was opened by the trio Mahna Mahna and The Snowths with their performance Mah Nà Mah Nà , in a revision of the appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show and with a new musical arrangement . The previous name of the pink vocal duo, The Snouths - a play on words from snout (German: Schnauze ) and mouth (German: mouth ) - mutated to Snowths , an allusion to the English word snow for snow, on the occasion of their appearance on the Muppet Show .
scene
The frog Kermit announces Mah Nà Mah Nà with the addition: "... whatever did means" ( whatever that means ), and The Snowths submit their chorus, against which the Mahna Mahna - now with a decorated in bright orange, long-haired Feather duster hairstyle - again tried in vain to play in the foreground. Towards the end of the song he dances aside and behind the frog across the control room, which he leaves with slamming doors and with “Mah na Mah na”. Kermit's phone rings in the incessant unison of the two pink singers. From the frog takes - "Okay, just a second!" ( Gern, small moment! Hurries with the handset to the -) Snowths "It's for you" (: Is for you and) from the handset, the voice has the Mahna Mahna the last word: "Mah na Mah na!" In their audience box the two old gentlemen Statler and Waldorf close the scene with the following dialogue: "The question is: what is a manamana?" - "The question is: who cares?" ( The question is: what is a manamana? - The question is: who cares? )
dramaturgy
The idea, already made clear in Sesame Street and further elaborated in the staging for the Ed Sullivan Show, to deliver the musical structure of the original song to an ignorant chorus , was perfected in the Muppet Show . The colorful boy now clearly sounded like a jazz baritone saxophone and with his music quotes in vain advertised the two flutes , which only close their round openings once when their singer disappears into the background with melancholy pinched eyes after a misunderstood Lullaby of Birdland . When he notices the narrow-lipped flutes, he hurries back, accompanied by a drum solo, but again without success. The situation in the theater, along with spectators and backstage, dramaturgically perfected the futile effort to reveal oneself through the music, with the consolation of getting the punch line at least in the absence .
In the next episode of the Muppet Show , the Mahna Mahna doll appeared in an allusive musical sketch, titled Sax and Violence , with a chime and hit a monotonous saxophone player on the instrument and in front of the head with violent percussion , in exchange for a sax - Volley of being swept out of the picture. Both episodes were originally filmed but not aired in January 1976 as episodes 101 and 102 on Sesame Street . They were the pilots of the new format and re-edited after their launch on British television. In Germany, the Muppet Show went on air four months later, in January 1977, in a different sequence of the episodes on ZDF .
Resonances
In 1977 the album The Muppet Show , which contained the title Mahna Mahna , was released internationally , along with an extracted single Mah na Mah na . The original version by Piero Umiliani became a hit in the UK and reached number 8 on the charts in May 1977. The LP with the Muppet version of the song landed at number 1 in the British charts on June 25, 1977, replacing the Beatles album Live at the Hollywood Bowl .
In 1981 the production of the Muppet Show was stopped after 120 episodes; musical revisions in the 1980s are not known. Jim Henson, inventor and player of the Muppets, died in 1990. The successor format to the Muppet Show from 1996 to 1998, The Muppets Tonight! , quoted the successful predecessor in a 1996 sketch with Sandra Bullock . Kermit, the frog, visits a psychiatrist , portrayed by Bullock, and complains that whenever he utters the word “ phenomena ” ( Greek ; German: apparitions ), he sees strange beings. On cue, the Snowths appear with "du duu bi du du". The psychiatrist is furious, but does not forget to adjust the price of her advice upwards.
reception
The song Mah Nà Mah Nà has been recorded by a number of interpreters since 1968, 21 adaptations are cited from 1968 to 1978 alone, the version of the Muppets was the most successful. Commercial processing of the song in film, television and advertising has continued since the 1990s; since the second half of the decade a second batch of recordings has been recorded internationally. With the triumphant advance of the Internet, historical and current versions can be viewed; In 2001, the origin of the song was largely publicly known and referenced in the representations, including in the printed ones.
parody
In November 1969, the song by Rudi Carrell was parodistically integrated into a justice sketch as part of the 14th episode of the Rudi Carrell Show under the title "Nanu Nanu". The chant of the “Call” was performed by the actor Erik Ode , Rudi Carrell sang the rhymed sketch text as the “Response”, while Cornelia Froboess sang the songs “I need no millions” and “For a night full of bliss” by Peter Kreuder , “Pract Always Treu und Righteousness ”from Mozart's Magic Flute , the Hildegard Knef chanson“ I'm so homesick for Kurfürstendamm ”and the operetta title“ Men are all criminals ”(from As once in May ) quoted. For the finale, Froboess and Carrell swap vocals, with Carrell briefly singing “Auf Wiedersehn” by Eberhard Storch .
processing
The new versions of the 1970s took over the song according to the fashion of the time and arranged it, consistently following the original version, as lounge music that could be played in hotel lobbies and elevators, for example the version by the group The Dave Pell Singers from 1970 sounding rattle and the 1973 version of Hot Butter , in which the track was generated as synth pop with the Moog synthesizer . In 1977 Lipstique presented a disco version of a good four minutes. In the 1990s, the adaptations followed by rock bands, such as the British hard-rock version of Skin 1996, Mah Nà Mah Nà as The Muppet Song headline. In 1997, the English girl group Vanilla reached number 14 in the British charts and number 26 on Chanel 4's 100 Worst Pop Records , a list for, with their first single, which under the title No Way No Way almost made the core motif of Mah Nà Mah Nà disappear the worst pop recordings ever. In the same year, a new edition of Svezia's original soundtrack , inferno e paradiso, was released as a CD , which now contained Mah Nà Mah Nà in an audibly reworked version of the original from 1968.
Commercialization
Since the late 1990s, Mah Nà Mah Nà made an international career in television advertising. The song advertised a French biscuit in a modification of the Mahna Mahna sound sequence to the product name in Great Britain . A Scottish can drink was advertised as a power mixture with the nonsense sounds reinterpreted too phenomenally . A sunscreen was to be brought to the Australian market with a digitally animated toddler on the beach, who intoned the song, squeaking manly, to the brand name .
In 2004 the Walt Disney Company acquired the Muppet Show , which sealed the commercialization of the characters and their performances. In the following year 2005, the Snowths and their all-pink Mahna Mahna sang well-known Muppet staff with bandanana advertising for a New Zealand charity called CanTeen, which supports young cancer patients , clearly quoting the 1976 production from the Muppet Show . In 2007 the Californian band Cake delivered a version of the song in which they used various instrumental and vocal sounds; the version was originally conceived and implemented for children in 2002. In the Disney-produced film Lilli the Witch - The Dragon and the Magic Book , released in 2009, the title character, a little girl, interpreted the song Mah Nà Mah Nà together with an animated green dragon in plasticine optics called Hector; the release as a single was advertised by the child actress.
Perception of the origin
Since the mid-2000s, the videos on the Internet that document Mah Nà Mah Nà , especially the versions of the Muppets, have seen steadily increasing access numbers. After the Muppet Show was taken over by Disney and with its increased marketing, the call-and-response phrase was used worldwide as a ringtone . In December 2001, the news circulated on the Internet that the New Zealand musician and author Peter McLennan discovered the “speedy roots” of the Muppet song Mah Nà Mah Nà from the children's program in the 1968 documentary Sweden: Heaven or Hell, which is not suitable for young people have. The printed literature has since taken over the reference to the provenance of the song in internet video clips.
In a handbook for developers of online games from 2009 it is stated that the audience forgive unmotivated repetitions of background music, provided that the music of the respective “onscreen action” gives the “good fit”. As an example, Mah Nà Mah Nà is cited as the “cornerstone” of the Muppets, whose origins from a “Swedish soft-core porn film ” are of no interest to anyone because the song goes so well with the dolls and their sketches.
literature
- Gino Moliterno: The A to Z of Italian Cinema . Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland 2008 (therein: Piero Umiliani , p. 319)
- James Robert Parish: Jim Henson. Puppeteer and Filmmaker . Ferguson, New York 2006
- Kristopher Spencer: Film and Television Scores 1950–1979. A Critical Survey by Genre . McFarland & Company, Jefferson, North Carolina 2008, ISBN 978-0-7864-3682-8
- Patrick Vonderau: Like in (not) a mirror. Scandinavian 60s . In: Filmgeschichte 15, summer 2002, pp. 19–24
Web links
- Piero Umiliami. The Official Site (Italian / English, with a list of cover versions and remixes of Mah Nà Mah Nà )
- Who is Piero Umiliani? (English, with links to sources on Mah Nà Mah Nà on the Internet)
- Muppet Wiki (English, with pictures and further links)
- Sam Adams: “Mahna Mahna”: How a ditty from a soft-core Italian movie became the Muppets' catchiest tune , in: Slate , November 23, 2011.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Since 1968, the spelling and accentuation of the title have been a collection of all conceivable possibilities for reproducing the sound sequence of the core motif in letters, both in the record labels and in the databases; an authorized spelling is not used.
- ↑ Sweden - Hell or Paradise? in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- ^ Lexicon of International Films, Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1991; Volume 7, p. 3360
- ↑ Discography Alessandroni (alphabetically) ; see also: An Interview With Alessandro Alessandroni (2008, engl.) ( Memento from May 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at: Cinema Suicide (accessed on September 5, 2011)
- ↑ Mah-Nà Mah-Nà. (... "VIVA LA SAUNA SVEDESE") with Piero Umiliani. The Official Site (accessed September 20, 2011)
- ↑ IMDb : Start dates for Sweden - Hell or Paradise? (1968)
- ↑ Mah-Na– Mah-Nà. (... "VIVA LA SAUNA SVEDESE") with Piero Umiliani. The Official Site (accessed September 4, 2011); See also: The Rebirth of "A Maestro" . Interview ( Eng / Italian) by Al Casey with Piero Umiliani in the Italian magazine Il Giaguaro Magazine 1: 3 (2000); at dubasylum.co.nz (accessed September 4, 2011)
- ↑ Soundtrack 1968 US , 1968 Canada from Discogs (accessed September 5, 2011)
- ↑ Piero Umiliani: Mah-Na-Mah-Na / You Tried To Warn Me at Discogs (accessed on September 8, 2011)
- ↑ Mah-Nà Mah-Nà. (... "VIVA LA SAUNA SVEDESE") with Piero Umiliani. The Official Site (accessed September 4, 2011)
- ↑ Giorgio Moroder: Mah-Ná-Mah-Ná at Discogs (accessed September 4, 2011)
- ^ Henri Salvador : Mais Non, Mais Non (1969) at Discogs (accessed June 26, 2015)
- ↑ On the musical structures of the catchy tune, see for example Günther Stockinger: Anatomie des Earwigs. Conversation with music researcher Hermann Rauhe about the secret of the success of hits and evergreens . In: SPIEGEL SPECIAL 12/1995
- ^ Hugo Alfvén: Rhapsodie (1903) (accessed September 12, 2011)
- ↑ Santa Lucia ( Mario Lanza , 1957) (accessed September 12, 2011)
- ↑ Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy ( The Andrews Sisters , 1941) (accessed June 26, 2015)
- ^ Lullaby of Birdland ( George Shearing ) (accessed October 28, 2011)
- ↑ Text adjusted according to German pronunciation based on Mah Nà Mah Nà (English)
- ^ Sesame Street, episode 0014 at Muppet Wiki (accessed September 6, 2011).
- ^ Mahna Mahna (song) at Muppet Wiki (accessed September 6, 2011).
- ↑ Anything Muppets at Muppet Wiki (accessed September 7, 2011).
- ↑ The Ed Sullivan Show on Muppet Wiki (accessed September 22, 2011)
- ↑ The Mahna Mahna song (English) at pooyfields.net (accessed September 7, 2011)
- ↑ Mahna Mahna (song) at Muppet Wiki (accessed September 6, 2011)
- ^ Sports sketch in the Benny Hill Show (undated) (accessed on September 11, 2011)
- ↑ The Muppet Show, Episode 101 at Muppet Wiki (accessed September 7, 2011)
- ↑ The Snowths at Muppet Wiki (accessed September 6, 2011)
- ↑ Sax and Violence (appearance of Mahna Mahna at 1:00 am ) (accessed September 10, 2011)
- ^ The Muppet Show episode 102 ; Muppet Show Episodes at Muppet Wiki (accessed September 22, 2011)
- ↑ TV series information. Episode guide and information on TV series ( Memento from October 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on June 25, 2015)
- ^ The Muppets: The Muppet Show (LP 1977) ; Mah na Mah na (single 1977) on Discogs; The Muppet Show (1977) on MusicBrainz (accessed September 26, 2011)
- ↑ Mah-Nà Mah-Nà. (… THE MUPPETS!) With Piero Umiliani. The Official Site (accessed September 21, 2011)
- ↑ Number 1 Albums - 1970s : 1977 at everyHit.com (accessed September 7, 2011)
- ↑ The Muppets Tonight! Episode 107 June 23, 1996 at Muppet Wiki; The Psychiartrist's Office (accessed September 10, 2011)
- ↑ Mah-Nà Mah-Nà. (COVER & REMIXES) with Piero Umiliani. The Official Site (accessed September 4, 2011)
- ↑ Rudi Carrell: Nanu Nanu (accessed on September 21, 2012)
- ↑ Hot Butter: More Hot Butter at Discogs (accessed September 17, 2011)
- ↑ Lipstique: At The Discotheque (1977) at Discogs (accessed on September 11, 2011)
- ↑ Skin: The Muppet Song (Mah Na Ma Na) (1996) at Discogs (accessed on September 26, 2011)
- ↑ Chanel 4's 100 Worst Pop Records (accessed September 21, 2011)
- ↑ Piero Umiliani: Svezia, Inferno E Paradiso (The Original Complete Motion Picture Soundtrack) (1997) at Discogs (accessed on September 13, 2011)
- ↑ Original currently not available; Quote of usage (2007): [1]
- ^ Advertisement for a Scottish drink ( Irn-Bru ) (accessed June 25, 2015)
- ^ Advertisement for a sunscreen (Banana Boat) (accessed on September 13, 2011)
- ^ Disney buys Muppets as bid prospect fades . The Independent, February 18, 2004 ( June 17, 2008 memento in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Caitlin Morin: The Disney Muppets: Why that just isn't funny . The Times , May 6, 2005 from dubasylum.co.nz (accessed September 14, 2011)
- ↑ Bandanana (2005) (accessed September 13, 2011)
- ↑ Various (including Cake):For the Kids (2002) at Discogs; Mahna Mahna (Album: B-Sides and Rarities , 2007) (accessed September 20, 2011)
- ↑ Hektor and Lilli MAH-NA MAH-NA commercial clip (accessed on September 13, 2011)
- ↑ Musician Discovers Racy Roots of Muppets Song (December 31, 2001) ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; quoted in Who is Piero Umiliani? (UMILIANI update December 2001) (accessed on September 14, 2001)
- ↑ See, for example, Kristopher Spencer: Film and Television Scores 1950–1979. A Critical Survey by Genre (2008), p. 111
- ↑ Drew Sikora, John Hattan (Ed.): Business and Production for Games. A GameDev.Net Collection . Course Technology, Boston 2009; P. 183 (accessed on September 14, 2009)
Audio / video documents
- ^ Svezia - Inferno e Paradiso (1968, excerpt) (accessed on September 3, 2011)
- ^ Giorgio Moroder : Mah na Mah Na (1968) (accessed June 26, 2015)
- ^ Henri Salvador : Mais Non, Mais Non (1969) (accessed June 26, 2015)
- ↑ Mah Nà Mah Nà; Sesame Street, November 27, 1969 on YouTube (accessed June 25, 2015).
- ↑ Mah Nà Mah Nà; Sesame Street (German dubbed version, 1973) on YouTube (accessed October 24, 2018).
- ↑ Mah Nà Mah Nà Ed Sullivan Show, November 30, 1969 ( Memento of August 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed June 25, 2015)
- ↑ Mah Nà Mah Nà The Muppet Show, first episode, September 5, 1976 (accessed September 7, 2011)
- ↑ The Dave Pall Singers: Mah-Na-Mah-Na (1969) (accessed June 25, 2015)
- ↑ Hot Butter: Mah Na Mah Na (1973) (accessed September 7, 2011)
- ↑ Lipstique: Mah Na Mah-Na (1977) (accessed on 11 September 2011)
- ↑ Mah Nà Mah Nà Svezia. Inferno e Paradiso. The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. Composed, Arranged and Conducted by Piero Umiliani (1968); Italy 1997 (accessed September 5, 2011)