Mašťov

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Mašťov
Mašťov coat of arms
Mašťov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Chomutov
Area : 2305.1092 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 16 '  N , 13 ° 17'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 15 '55 "  N , 13 ° 16' 35"  E
Height: 375  m nm
Residents : 570 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 431 55 - 431 56
License plate : U
structure
Status: city
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Zdeněk Laštovka (as of 2014)
Address: Náměstí 80
431 56 Mašťov
Municipality number: 563218
Website : www.mastov.cz
Location of Mašťov in the Chomutov district
map

Mašťov (German Maschau ) is a town in the Okres Chomutov in the Czech Republic .

Geographical location

The city is located in western Bohemia in a shallow valley at the foot of the Marktbusch mountain , south of Kadaň ( Kaaden an der Eger ).

history

Marketplace
Maschau Castle

The first mention of it goes back to the 12th century . In 1191, Johann Milgost or Milhost, Herr auf Maschau, summoned some Cistercian monks from the Waldsassen monastery to Maschau and donated land to them to found a monastery. The group of monks, led by Ruthardt, arrived in 1192. On June 20, 1192, 15 Bohemian villages, 2 farms and income from the market were donated to the built monastery. After constant disputes with neighbors and property disputes with the Milhost family, the monks left Maschau in 1196. They followed the call of the Bohemian Prince Slauko the Great and moved to Ossegg . Annoyed, Johann Milgost withdrew the donation.

Until the second half of the 13th century, the Lords of Maschau ruled, who built a castle north of the city. The village developed in 1391 when the Lords of Dauba came. They were introduced at the court of Emperor Wenceslaus IV. In 1408 the rule was sold to the Lords of Hertenberg . At that time the village was one of the richest in the Saaz district. In 1421 Habart von Hertenberg sided with the Hussites . The village became the target of the Crusades after the movement was put down. The gentlemen tried to make peace, but after giving up, a massacre ensued . More than 84 castle residents were killed or burned. In 1427 the village was drawn into the war again by the crusades.

After the Lords of Hertenberg, opponents of the Hussites took power. Maschau belonged to the Kolowrat family for 80 years . In 1530 the village was sold to the lords of Lobkowicz . During this time the place received city rights. Mostly Czech was spoken. In the years after 1569 the town received a town hall and the castle was converted into a palace, later a Latin school was added. Prokop Dvořečký von Olbramowitz and von Steinbach , who fell out of favor after the battle of the White Mountain , were expelled and died poor, followed as owners .

During the Thirty Years' War almost all armies were stationed in the village. After the Silesians, who brought cholera in, Saxony and Sweden followed. Each army left scorched earth and the population left the area. In 1662 Hans Franz von der Goltz bought the village and ruled with a hard hand. In 1682 there was an uprising. He was knocked down, and the leaders were hanged and quartered. The Goltz ruled for 130 years. The renaissance castle was converted into a baroque castle. In 1713 cholera broke out again and in 1719 most of the town fell victim to the flames. 15 buildings remained. In addition, there were punitive tariffs on armies of the Emperor and the Prussians passing through. The last Goltz who shot himself without leaving any descendants was followed in 1792 by Vojtěch Mladota von Solopisk .

The place was not spared from the Napoleon campaigns either. In 1813 30,000 Austrian soldiers settled here. After the purchase of the place by Gabriele von Dietrichstein , who made the castle her seat, industry moved into Maschau from 1827, which was previously characterized by agriculture. Mines were opened and a mining court had its seat here. In 1845 Eugen Karl Czernin von und zu Chudenitz bought the rule. In 1900 Maschau had 1,170 inhabitants. Of these, 1,158 were German-speaking and 11 were Czech-speaking. The city also had a Jewish community that had existed since the Middle Ages, which around 1900 still consisted of 97 members.

After the Munich Agreement , the annexation of the city to the Maschau took place in 1938 German Reich as part of the district Podersam , Region of Eger , in the Reich District of Sudetenland .

The Czernin von und zu Chudenitz owned the goods until 1945 . With the expulsion of the German population , the place also lost its town charter, which Mašťov only regained on October 23, 2007.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1785 0k. A. 120 houses
1830 0831 in 158 houses
1843 1359 in 123 houses, including some Jewish families
1869 1397
1880 1408
1690 1353
1900 1170 including 1,158 Germans and eleven Czechs
1910 1084
1921 1057 including 1019 German residents
1930 1018
1939 0906
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1950 1961 1970 1980 1991 2001 2011
Residents 462 449 557 551 683 672 590

City structure

The city of Mašťov consists of the districts Dobřenec ( Dobrenz ), Konice ( Kunitz ) and Mašťov ( Maschau ), which also form cadastral districts.

Attractions

  • Mašťov Castle
  • Church of the Assumption
  • St. Barbara Church
  • Rectory
  • Statue of St. Adalbert
  • Statue of St. Florian
  • Vojtěch Mladota from Solopisk's burial chapel

Personalities

  • Jakob Eberle (1718–1783) sculptor, also known as “Il Romano” because of his Italian education.
  • Hans Hauska (born May 18, 1901 in Maschau– † May 7, 1965 Berlin), musician and composer

Web links

Commons : Mašťov  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/563218/Mastov
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ a b c The mountain vests and knight castles of the Austrian monarchy . Volume 9, Vienna 1840, p. 91 .
  4. ↑ Jaroslaus Schaller : Topography of the Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 7: Saatzer Kreis , Prague and Vienna 1787, pp. 121–123, item 1) .
  5. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 199, paragraph 16.
  6. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 14: Saaz Circle , Prague 1846, p. 236, item 1).
  7. ^ Sudetenland Genealogy Network
  8. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Podersam district (Czech: Podborany). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/563218/Obec-Mastov
  10. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/563218/Obec-Mastov