Nagelfluh heights and valleys between Lake Constance and Wertach

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Nagelfluh heights and valleys between Lake Constance and Wertach
surface 743 km²
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Greater region 1st order 03–06 →
Alpine foothills
Greater region 2nd order 03 →
Subalpine young moraine land
About main unit 02 'or 034 (new) →
Nagelfluh heights and valleys between Lake Constance and Wertach
Natural area characteristics
Landscape type Transitional area between the Alpine foothills and the Alpine foothills
Highest peak Salmaser height ( 1254  m )
Geographical location
Coordinates 47 ° 34 '11.6 "  N , 10 ° 5' 21.1"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 34 '11.6 "  N , 10 ° 5' 21.1"  E
Nagelfluh heights and valleys between Lake Constance and Wertach (Bavaria)
Nagelfluh heights and valleys between Lake Constance and Wertach
Location Nagelfluh heights and valleys between Lake Constance and Wertach
state Bavaria , Baden-Wuerttemberg , Vorarlberg

With Nagelfluhhöhen and Senken between Lake Constance and Wertach , original name Nagelfluhhöhen and Senken between Lake Constance and Isar , the up to 1254  m above sea level. NHN high transitional landscape from the alpine foothills to the foothills of the Alps between the Pfänder in the southwest and the Adelegg in the northeast in Vorarlberg , Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria , which remained unglaciated in the Würm glacial period . The natural spatial unit was defined by Hansjörg Dongus between 1991 and 1993 and generalized or expanded the Adelegg unit from the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . The landscape consists mainly of the Nagelfluh heights and depressions between Lake Constance and Iller , which are simply connected and can be separated from the young moraine landscapes on Lake Constance on the one hand and those on the Iller on the other.

Historical

In the first delivery of the Handbook of the Natural Spatial Structure of Germany in 1953, the southern part of the German Alpine foothills was identified as a main unit group under the designation 03 Pre-Alpine Hills and Moorland and subdivided into ten three-digit main units. The main units were designed primarily according to the glacier tongues and moraine arches of the Würm glacial period , from which unit 034 Adelegg was an exception, as it had never been glaciated.

When Klaus Hormann published the first Alpenrandblatt der Feinliederungen 1: 200,000 in the form of sheet 190/196 Salzburg in 1978 , he criticized the fact that the most important moors were located in the adjoining part of the Alpine foothills to the north and in particular the lakes that can only be found in the southern part of the Alpine foothills would be kept secret in the title. As a more appropriate name for the large landscape, he suggested the designation Subalpines Jungmoränenland , followed by Hansjörg Dongus , who worked on the other three leaves of the Alps from 1991 to 1994. However, Dongus wanted to elevate the Nagelfluh and Molasse , which especially in sheet 187/193 , which was first edited, see Lindau / Oberstdorf , which go far beyond the Adelegg, as a separate large region. Since he, following Hormann and deviating from the manual, divided the Alps with code numbers starting at 90, the numbers 01 and 02 were free for him; he assigned the 02 (hereinafter referred to as 02 'to avoid confusion) for the Nagelfluh heights, to which he also counted the molasse ridges of St. Gallen-Appenzell on Swiss territory. On German territory he divided the part falling in Blatt Lindau into five sub-main units, of which the two most south-westerly of Pfänder and Sulzberg - both still part of the Alps in the manual - are occupied. He justifies this assignment in sheet 187 (1991) in particular with the low height , which is just under 1000  m higher than the mountains a few 100 m higher, such as the Hochälpele , the heights of the Winterstaude or the mountains of the front Nagelfluhkette immediately southeast of the local unit.

Dongus gave up the original name Nagelfluhhöhen und Senken between Lake Constance and Isar two years later, while working on sheet 188/194 Kaufbeuren / Mittenwald , and changed it to Nagelfluhhöhen and Senken between Lake Constance and Wertach , as the layer ridges between the Wertach and the Isar no longer form a closed zone; they are seen as parts of the young moraine land.

Dongus 'structure is taken up by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) insofar as the landscape profiles there treat Adelegg according to Dongus' narrower layout and the other Nagelfluh heights - with the exception of the pawn (provided by BfN to the Alps) - separately from the neighboring landscapes. The Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU) partly takes into account dongu in its broader classifications. Dongus' numbering does not seem to establish itself, but the unit Nagelfluhhöhen and Senken between Lake Constance and Iller , i.e. without the small part to the right of the Iller, seems to be a sensible alternative to the smaller main unit 034 Adelegg of the manual.

Natural structure

Between Lake Constance near Lindau and the Illertal near Kempten lies a pre-alpine landscape that was not glaciated during the Würm glacial period. The heights of the ridges and ridges covered by Nagelfluh and Molasse clearly exceed those of the actual young moraine country, but do not reach quite alpine heights. Hansjörg Dongus wanted to introduce a separate main unit group for these landscapes, which would also include the molasse ridges of St. Gallen-Appenzell on Swiss territory and extend to the Isar. However, since the layer ridges between the Wertach and the Isar no longer form a closed zone, he interpreted them as parts of the young moraine land in the later sheets.

As follows, Dongus divides the local unit, which he separates from the Alpine natural areas (9) and the subalpine young moraine region (03), but which on the other hand represents an extension of the unit 034 Adelegg in 03:

Partial landscapes

Relief of the Nagelfluh threshold including the alpine Allgäu Nagelfluh layer ridges that reached the Hochgrat in 1834 ; For legend, see picture description page

The partial landscapes between the Sulzberg and the Adelegg are shown below and z. In some cases, in deviation from the structure according to Dongus, initially arranged according to combs.

Pfänder, Hirschberg and Sulzberg

The south-western trunk of the Nagelfluhhöhen is formed by the molasse ridges of Pfänder (up to 1062 m ) separated by the Rotach depression (21'.0) and oriented north to northeast with the eastern “minor” ridge of Hirschberg (up to 1095 m; together unit 20 ') im West and Sulzberg (up to 1041 m; 21'.2) in the east. In addition, there is the Schneiderspitz (21'.1; at the Schneiderkopf up to 971 m) south of the Pfänder and the Langenegg ridge (21'.5; on the Rotenberg 994 m) south of the Sulzberg. The Weißach separates the Sulzberg from the Hochgrat Alpine 1834 m reach Allgäu Nagelfluh layer combs ( Nagelfluhketten , 960) and from Langenegg, its left tributary Bolgenach separates Langenegg and Nagelfluhketten their outfall Bregenzerach finally the tailor Spitz from the other mountain ranges and the Schwarzach the The latter from the Hochälpele (940.03; 1463 m). The Subersach (also to the Bregenz) finally separates the Langenegg-Zug from the Bezau vault group (950.5) with the 1877 m high winter shrub . According to the manual (and the LfU), all of these mountains already belong to the Alps, while Dongus counts the sub-units of 02 'to the Alpine foothills.

Adelegg

The north-east of the Nagelfluhschwelle is formed by the Nagelfluh ridge of the Adelegg in the narrower sense (023 '), which drains predominantly in a north-west direction via the Aitrach to the Iller and finally to the Danube and only through the Eschach flanked by the OA 20 district road and directly on it northwestern mountain edge from the east flowing Kürnach and accompanied by the state road St 2376 is noticeably divided and segmented. Through these two valleys, the Adelegg divides into three mountain ranges, all of which are more or less oriented to the northwest: the northeastern part reaches at its southeastern base and at the same time the easternmost mountain of Adelegg, the Blender , 1072 m and already on the neighboring mountain to the west, the Dürren Bühl its highest altitude with 1077 m. The central ridge reaches in the southeast, on the Ursersberg , with 1129 m, the highest height of the Adelegg ever. where the Anger (1123 m) in the southern center and the Kreuzleshöhe (1115 m) in the northern center reach approximately this height. It should be noted, however, that the partly ridge-like narrow ridge between Ursersberg and Anger nowhere falls below 1100  m and between Anger and Kreuzleshöhe only to about 1075  m . The southwestern ridge reaches at its base, the Hohenkapf, 1121 m and in the center, on the Black Ridge , 1118 m. Baden-Württemberg practically only has a share in this mountain range, with the Black Ridge just below the Ländle. The Rangenberg (829 m) forms a peninsula-like western extension , which Dongus belongs to Adelegg, but LUBW does not. In Adelegg, next to conglomerates, Juranagelfluh and the Swabian Alb are on the agenda .

Sonneneck comb

Between Adelegg and Sulzberg, the Nagelfluh heights and depressions of Großholzleute-Immenstadt (022 '), which mostly drain over the Lower and Upper Argen to Lake Constance, slide into several parallel, south-westerly stripping ridges . Its northernmost ridge, that of the Sonneneck (022'.0; up to 1106 m) is only separated from the Adelegg adjoining to the north by the valley of the Wengener Argen and is similar to it in the north-eastern part in geological terms. The Untere Argen separates the Sonneneck from the Riedholzer Kugel (1066 m), the Upper and finally the Kugel from the Laubenberg (919 m). Beyond the railway line Oberstaufen - Heimenkirch ( Allgäubahn ), this ridge continues in the direction of Sulzberg through the Balzerberg (21'.8; 921 m), whereby the rock has already changed from Nagelfluh to Molasse at the Riedholzer Kugel.

Hauchenberg ridge

Separated from this ridge by the Weitnau-Ebratshofen basin (022'.1) with the Weitnauer Bach and the federal highway 12 , the Molasse ridge of the Hauchenberg (022'.2; 1242 m) joins the south-west of the Untere Argen merges into the Ochsenberg (1126 m) northwest of Missens - which dongus is incorporated into the Salmeser Höhe (22'.3, see below).

Salmaser height comb

The southernmost ridge begins south of the Hauchenberg and separated from it by the Börlasbach with the district road OA 22, with the Kühberg (1035 m) east of Missens. Its massif is framed to the southwest by the Stixnerbach with the state road St 2006 , like the Börlasbach, a source stream of the Untere Argen, and forms the hill country of Akams (22'.4). It drains largely to the Iller and is framed by the Alpseetal (022'.5) with the Großer Alpsee (at 724  m ) to the south and by the Niedersonthofener See (at 703  m ) to the northeast. To the southwest, beyond the Stixnerbach, the ridge line continues, offset slightly to the south, and reaches the Salmaser Höhe (022'.3), 1254 m. The Staufner Berg (1042 m) extends this ridge beyond the Jugetbach and, like the Salmaser Höhe, lies on the European main watershed between the Rhine and Iller to the southwest. A little north of the ridge line, to the west of it, lies the Kapf (998 m); between the two mountains lies the Oberstaufen market . Strangely enough, LfU counts the Staufner to the Westallgäu hill country and the Kapf to the Alps; Dongus is part of the Oberstaufen basin (021'.7).

Höhenegg

To the east of the threshold defined according to Dongus, Molasse and Nagelfluhaus runners extend to the left of the Iller into the urban area of Kempten . These include in particular the Nagelfluh ridge of the Höhenegg (915 m) along with the northern foothills that frame the city from the west; The southwestern base of the Höhenegg is a 966 m high hill immediately southwest of Buchenberg , which lies on the northeast extension of the Sonneneck ridge. LfU combines these foothills with the Salmeser Höhe and the hill country of Akams (035-D2), while it includes the two northern ridges of the Adelegg. In the maps for the manual from 1954 and 1960, the main Adelegg unit roughly comprised the Adelegg proper plus the Sonneneck ridge up to and including the Balzerberg. This also corresponds to the classification of LUBW, where the northeast spur of the Riedholzer Kugel falling in the Baden-Württemberg area is assigned to the main unit Adelegg.

Rottachberg

The natural area Rottachberg (024 ') east beyond the Iller is only indirectly part of this threshold and could only become part of this simply coherent landscape by incorporating a narrow strip of the Illertal into it. It is divided into the actual Rottachberg (1115 m) in the south-west, its north-east roofing beyond the Rottach , reaching 978 m at the Butzenhalde, in the north, the area around the Rottachsee (at 850  m ) in the north-east, that of the Burgkranzegger Horn 1151 m reaching northeast roofing of the Grünten (950.0; 1738 m) in the east as well as the Rettenberger Tal (024'.1) on the Kranzegger Bach flowing northeast towards the Rottach , which separates the actual Rottachberg from the Grünten, in the south. The comparatively young (built 1984–1990) Rottachsee is not counted as part of the corresponding unit (035-D1) at LfU.

mountains

  • Salmeser Höhe (1254 m) - southernmost ridge of the central part
  • Hauchenberg (1244 m) - middle ridge of the central part
  • Burgkranzegger Horn (1151 m) - Rottachberg natural area, northeastern roof of the Grünten
  • Ursersberg (1129 m) - southeast of the central segment of Adelegg
  • Ochsenberg (1126 m) - western continuation of the Hachenberg ridge
  • Hohenkapf (1121 m) - center of the south-western segment of the Adelegg
  • Schwarzer Rat (1118 m) - extreme southeast of the southwest segment of the Adelegg
  • Rottachberg (1115 m) - Rottachberg natural area, south-western part
  • Sonneneck (1106 m) - northernmost ridge of the central part
  • Hirschberg (1095 m) - eastern “side” ridge of the Pfänders
  • Dürrer Bühl (1077 m) - southeast of the northeast segment of the Adelegg
  • Blender (1072) - extreme southeast of the northeast segment of the Adelegg and easternmost mountain of the ridge
  • Riedholzer Kugel (1066 m) - southwest continuation of the Sonneneck ridge
  • Pfänder (1062 m) - the most south-westerly mountain in the landscape
  • Staufner Berg (1042 m) - southwest continuation of the Salmaser Höhe ridge
  • Kühberg (1035 m) - northeastern base of the Salmaser Höhe ridge
  • Kapf (998 m) - westernmost continuation of the Salmaser-Höhe ridge
  • Rotenberg (994 m) - the highest point in the Langenegg Group in the extreme south of the landscape
  • Butzenhalde (978 m) - northeastern roof of the Rottachberg
  • Schneiderkopf (971 m) - Schneiderspitz group in the extreme western south of the landscape
  • Hill immediately southwest of Buchenberg (966 m) - northeast continuation of the Sonneneck ridge southwest of Buchenberg; at Dongus not part of the landscape
  • Balzerberg (921 m) - extreme southwest of the Sonneneck ridge
  • Laubenberg (919 m) - southwest of the Sonneneck ridge
  • Höhenegg (915 m) - Nagelfluh-Berg well east of the Adelegg; at Dongus not part of the landscape
  • Rangenberg (829 m) - peninsula-like western foothills of the Adelegg (southwest segment)

literature

Web links

proof

  1. ^ Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (Ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  2. ^ Klaus Hormann: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 190/196 Salzburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1978. →  Online map (PDF; 6.1 MB)
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 187/193 Lindau / Oberstdorf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1991. →  Online map (PDF; 6.1 MB)
  4. ↑ a b c Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 188/194 Kaufbeuren / Mittenwald. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1993. →  Online map (PDF; 6.4 MB)
  5. ↑ Adelegg landscape profile of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  6. ↑ Landscape profile Nagelfluh heights and depressions near Immenstadt i. Allgäu of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Natural areas of the main unit groups 01, 02 and 03 in the Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government -  Northern Limestone High Alps and Swabian-Bavarian Prealps as well as Subalpine Jungmoränenland ( notes )
  8. ↑ Description on page 188! On sheet 187, which only contains marginal parts, 24'.0, just like 24 ', is simply called Rottachberg .
  9. ↑ Only the edge parts of the north-eastern ridge are in BW.
  10. ↑ Main natural areas of Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 3.1 MB), changes (PDF; 2.4 MB; pp. 55–58) - LUBW ( notes )
  11. ↑ State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( information )