Natural division of the Alps

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The two main unit groups 02 and 03 contain the German shares in the Alps

The natural spatial structure of the Alps is based on the classification of landscapes according to natural areas , which was carried out from the 1950s by the Federal Institute for Regional Studies in the work on the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany . The Alps as a natural space Greater Region 1st order , were Germany and the immediate neighborhood, in the two major regions of the second (and also third) order 01 Northern Limestone Alps and 02 Swabian-Bavarian Alps divided and this (again, in several so-called main units Regions 4 . Order). This structure largely follows the division into mountain groups, and each main unit - with the exception of the Kufstein and Oberstdorf basins - contains both mountain ranges and the valley floors in between.

A refinement of 1: 200,000 by Klaus Hormann and Hansjörg Dongus did not take place until very late (1978–1994) , which however, as far as the Alps were concerned, differed considerably in its systematics (see #Feining according to Hormann and Dongus ). It reached far into the neighboring countries, but of course only covered a fraction of the mountains. In the actual Alpine countries, on the other hand, systematization is not based on natural areas.

The German part of the Alps was refined in a compatible way by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU) in the system of the manual in the 2000s, but with less detail than in the case of Hormann and Dongus.

All German parts of the Alps are in Bavaria , but they are not congruent with the Bavarian Alps , which follow a different cross-border structure and in particular do not include the Berchtesgaden Alps . The Bavarian Alps largely coincide with the Swabian-Bavarian Prealps, but also include the main units 010, 011, 012 and 015 of the Northern Limestone Alps.

Natural areas of the Alps according to LfU

The LfU , like the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany and, unlike Dongus, counts the Pfänder to the Alps. Unlike the manual and Hormann, however, it does not include the Högl and Bad Reichenhall basins .

The LfU refines the three-digit main units of the manual of the natural spatial structure of Germany as follows:

Natural spatial subdivision according to Hormann and Dongus

The four single sheets with Alpine parts appeared relatively late. In the Salzburg newspaper published in 1978, Klaus Hormann suggested abandoning the previous division into groups 01 and 02 and using the numbers from 90, which were not yet assigned on the mainland, for a structure that deviated significantly from the manual. This suggestion was followed by Hansjörg Dongus , who from 1991 to 1994 edited the other alpine leaves (Tegernsee, Kaufbeuren / Mittenwald, Lindau / Oberstdorf) as one of the very last leaves. The structure of the resulting division of the Alps differs significantly from the other divisions, as the individual units in particular are no longer simply connected .

In contrast to the manual, the Nagelfluh foothills such as the Pfänder are not assigned to the Alps by Dongus but to the Alpine foothills. Together with the Adelegg and the Rottachberg , they will be integrated into the new group 02 Nagelfluhhöhen and Senken ( between Lake Constance and Wertach or in the foothills of the Alps ). The Molasse ridges of St. Gallen-Appenzell , which are located entirely in Switzerland and come into contact with Lake Constance from the south , are also assigned to this group (02) without being assigned numbers, in deviation from the manual.

Division into new main units

As follows, Hormann and Dongus divide the area of ​​the Alps they have investigated into main units:

The unit 02 'can be seen here immediately north of the Alpine border; For legend, see picture description page
Relief of the north-western Eastern Alps:
The mountain group in the west, commonly grouped under the Bregenzerwald Mountains, consists of two separated western parts of the flysch group 940, between which the western part of the Schrattenkalkeinheit 950 is pushed. The main and Trenntalboden is the Bregenzer Ach (900.60), Trenntal to the south the Große Walsertal (900.2)
The west wing of the Allgäu Alps west of the center of the map contains the Nagelfluh unit 960 in the north beyond the eastern parts of these units; In the (northern) center of the Allgäu Alps and the map section is the valley floor 901.
In the east wing of the Allgäu Alps, the extreme northeast part of group 950, the western part of the limestone pre-alpine unit 936, the fly unit 941 and the actual Allgäu limestone alps follow one another from the mountain edge into the interior 931, which stretch south of the valley floor 901 into the western half.
The Lech Valley Alps in the southeast, beyond the Lech Valley (930.01-02), consist of exactly one limestone Alpine unit (932) - which would also apply to the Lechquellen Mountains in the southwest, which, however, is (largely) outside the processing area of ​​Blatt Lindau.
In the Ammer Mountains in the north-east of the section, the fly unit 942, a section of the limestone foothills unit 936 and the west of the intermediate limestone unit 935 follow one another; southeast of it are the Inntaler reef limestone chains (933) with (from NE to SW) the Wetterstein Mountains (933.0) , the Mieminger Mountains (933.2) and the Tschirgant (933.5).
For the legend of the mountains and lakes, see picture description page !

The following 3 groups were included in (Ex) group 02 in the manual.

Nagelfluh Mountains in the Appenzell Alps

The two Nagelfluh groups (02 and 96 each) can be found in the west of the section at the interface between the Alpine foothills and the Alps

Front Bregenz Forest

Swabian-Bavarian Prealps

The greater region is centrally located on the northern edge of the Alps, its southern part is taken up by the intermediate Limestone Alps (935); in non-labeled segments, flysch alps (94) and edge chain links (936) mix with depressions (908, 930).

Austrian pre-Alps

Only the west of the group located entirely in Austria has been processed.

Northern Limestone High Alps (western part)

The following group was included in the manual as part of (ex) group 01, the German shares are in Oberstdorf and Garmisch-Partenkirchen .

The main part of the Greater Region (center and west, below) consists of the main units 931 to 933 and, in the west, parts of 95.

Northern Limestone High Alps (Eastern part)

The following group was included in the manual as part of (ex) group 01, the German shares are at Berchtesgaden .

Most of the group is located in Austria.

The main part of the Greater Region (south-east of the section) consists of the main unit 934 and, in the west, parts of 933 and 935.

Central Alps

The Central Alps lie completely outside Germany and have only been mapped to a lesser extent.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Natural areas of the main unit groups 01 and 02 in the Bavaria Atlas of the Bavarian State Government -  Northern Limestone High Alps and Swabian-Bavarian Prealps ( notes )
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 187/193 Lindau / Oberstdorf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1991. →  Online map (PDF; 6.1 MB)
  3. ^ Wrongly designated Wildengundkopf at LfU ; but that is 2238 m high and belongs to the LfU massif of the Mädelegabel ..
  4. ↑ a b c Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 188/194 Kaufbeuren / Mittenwald. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1993. →  Online map (PDF; 6.4 MB)
  5. ↑ On sheet 187 still 941 Ostallgäuer Flyschalpen without further specification.
  6. ↑ LfU: Wetterstein Mountains - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 1.1 MB)
  7. ↑ LfU: Karwendel Mountains - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 0.7 MB)
  8. ↑ According to the LfU, this sub-unit is called, just like the superordinate main unit, 020 Vorderer Bregenz Forest . To avoid confusion, the ".00" has been added.
  9. ↑ LfU: Vilser Gebirge - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 1.5 MB)
  10. ↑ LfU: Ammergebirge - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 1.5 MB)
  11. ↑ LfU: Nieder Werdenfelser Land - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 0.3 MB)
  12. ↑ LfU: Kocheler Berge - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 0.5 MB)
  13. ↑ LfU: Mangfall Mountains - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 1.2 MB)
  14. ↑ LfU: Kufstein Basin - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 0.6 MB)
  15. ↑ LfU: Chiemgau Alps - location, geology, biotope type distribution, explanations of biotope types, floristic features (PDF; 0.8 MB)
  16. ↑ In the title of LfU, the Saalachaue was labeled with the Bad Reichenhall basin ! - which, however, corresponds to the majority of 039-B.
  17. ↑ Original name on sheet Lindau / Oberstdorf (1991) was Nagelfluhhöhen and Senken between Lake Constance and Isar ; however, it turned out in the neighboring sheet Kaufbeuren / Mittenwald (1993) that this unit only extends as far as the Wertach . Regardless of this, there is a completely analogous region in the Swiss foothills of the Alps (see above), which Dongus is also locating in 02 (new), which is why there is no restriction to the area between Lake Constance and Wertach!
  18. ↑ a b Hansjörg Dongus : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 189/195 Tegernsee. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1994. →  Online map (PDF; 5.2 MB)
  19. ↑ a b Klaus Hormann: Geographical Land Survey: The natural space units on sheet 190/196 Salzburg. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1978. →  Online map (PDF; 6.1 MB)
  20. ↑ Only very small parts of the Lechquellengebirge lie on Blatt Lindau, namely the north of the Zitterklapfen group; its main ridge was assigned to the Widderstein group there, from whose namesake it is clearly separated orographically. In any case, the Zafernhorn east of the Glatthorn and the Flysch slopes north of the Zitterklapfengrat and northeast of the Zafernhorn would not be included in the natural Lechquellengebirge .
  21. ↑ a b sheet Salzburg only extends to 937.1 Osterhorngruppe , so Homann left the naming of the main unit to later processors in Austria.