Oppenfeld (family)

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Coat of arms of those of Oppenfeld

The von Oppenfeld family , along with the Berlin banker Georg Moritz Oppenfeld, was raised to the hereditary Prussian nobility on May 16, 1859 by Prince Regent Wilhelm of Prussia . The founders of the line had converted from the Jewish to the Christian faith. With the Prussian cabinet order of February 28, 1827, permission was given to use the name Oppenfeld instead of the previous name Oppenheim.

history

Oppenfeld mausoleum Berlin

In the summer of 1753 Veitel Ephraim (1703–1775) applied to King Friedrich II. To have the privilege for his second son Joseph Ephraim transferred to Mendel Joseph; in December 1755, Friedrich II. Granted the merchant Mendel Joseph (* around 1720; † around 1758 in Königsberg) from Schoten on the Memel , Kurland , who could prove a fortune of 12,000 thalers , a protective privilege for Königsberg (Prussia) , against a payment of 1000 thalers to the batch fund.

Mendel Joseph married Rahel (* around 1734–1790), she married Isaac David in her second marriage, and in her third marriage, Süßkind Oppenheim (* around 1732 in Hamburg ; † September 9, 1809 in Königsberg), a merchant , community leader and protective Jew with general privilege in Königsberg of October 28, 1779. Marianne "Mirjam" Oppenheim (around 1767 to 1836) emerged from the third marriage, married to Salomon Joseph Wertheim (1757–1834), their son was Josef von Wertheimer (1800–1887), philanthropist , Humorist , author and champion of the emancipation of Jews in Austria .

Rahel's first marriage to Mendel Joseph established the Königsberg line of Oppenheim, which later produced the Oppenfeld. Their sons were Wolff Mendel Oppenheim (March 13, 1753 in Königsberg; † January 17, 1828 ibid) → continue with Oppenheim Berlin and:

  1. Mendel Oppenheim (born March 12, 1758 in Königsberg i. Pr .; † January 17, 1820 in Berlin), banker , he took the name of his stepfather. Married to Henriette "Jüttche" (born June 11, 1767 in Berlin; † December 16, 1842 in Berlin, buried in the Old Jewish Cemetery ), daughter of Daniel Itzig (1723–1799), banker. Her sister Caroline "Kela" († 8 April 1856 in Berlin) married to an accountant and a partner of the bank of her father, Michael Wolff (born April 22, 1771 Dessau , 1856)
    1. Moses Oppenheim (born October 17, 1793 in Berlin; † 1861, buried in Berlin's Dreifaltigkeitskirchhof II in the Oppenfeld mausoleum ), merchant in a cloth and silk shop , banker, manor , co-owner of the company M. Oppenheims Söhne Komptoir and Eisenlager . Baptized in Christianity on May 22, 1822 in the Jerusalem Church in the name of Georg Moritz Oppenheim, from September 22, 1827 "von Oppenfeld" . The "Georg Moritz von Oppenfeld'sche Family Foundation to support family members" goes back to him. On December 14, 1817, he married Wilhelmine Miniette Ebers (* 1799), daughter of Victor Ebers. This was a cousin of the father of Georg Ebers (1837–1898), the German Egyptologist and writer .
      1. Carl Friedrich Emanuel Leopold von Oppenfeld auf Reinfeld (Bierzwnica) (* 1818; † November 21, 1871 in Reinfeld), royal Prussian lieutenant , married Klara Eugenie von der Osten in 1850 (* June 24, 1827 in Witzmitz; † 1912)
        1. Minette Mora Sophie Helene Eleonore Viktoria Emilie von Oppenfeld (born March 13, 1857 in Reinfeld) married Eduard Otto von dem Hagen (born November 4, 1851 in Berlin, † January 30, 1906 in Boltenhagen ), first lieutenant
        2. Manor owner Moritz von Oppenfeld (born May 3, 1858 in Reinfeld, † December 1941 in Reinfeld), as entertainer of Reinfeld he was a member of the Prussian manor from 1901 to 1918, 1928 distillery owner in Rheinfeld. His fishing in the Klanziger See in Klanzig , Donatowo (Ostrowice) was very important at the time, and the manor Nadrensee with 888 hectares also belonged to him. As captain he served under Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff , who studied lawyer was an advisor for agriculture and nutrition and honor senator of the University of Greifswald . He was married to Augusta Weber von Treuenfels .
          1. Lieutenant Karl Ludwig Axel Eduard von Oppenfeld, († × November 21, 1916 near Ciurari near Ciolăneşti, Teleorman district ), 5th Squadron of the 2nd Cuirassier Regiment under Rittmeister Alfred von Borcke
          2. Ensign Lothar (Lothaar) Karl von Oppenfeld († × May 29, 1915)
          3. Leopold "Leo" von Oppenfeld (born April 1, 1892 in Reinfeld; † 1954 in Ravensburg ), in the last few years before 1945 he managed the Reinfeld estate with the Vorwerke Alt Ritzerow (Rycerzewo) , Neu Ritzerow (Rycerzewko) and Karlshof. His first marriage was to Viola von Flemming (born August 13, 1900 in Kolberg (Kołobrzeg) ; † July 11, 1979) and his second marriage to Barbara Emmerich.
            1. Dr. Michael von Oppenfeld, Legal Director Urenco ltd. England, son of Leopold von Oppenfeld and Barbara von Oppenfeld born. Emmerich.
          4. Horst von Oppenfeld (born July 16, 1913 in Berlin; † August 23, 2010 in Chevy Chase, Montgomery , Maryland , USA ), Ordonnanzoffizier with Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg . He grew up on Gut Reinfeld, since his two older brothers had already died in World War I , and he was later to take over the second Nadrensee family estate. At the age of eleven he came to the Joachimsthal High School in Templin . He did his agricultural training on the Nadrensee estate, which he visited after reunification and supported the reconstruction. During the Second World War he was an officer of the 10th Panzer Division , later in the German Africa Corps , where he became the adjutant of Stauffenberg. In 1943 he was taken prisoner of war , the camps were in Kansas and Rhode Island , where he learned English . After his release, he worked for the Department of Agriculture as a liaison with the American occupation forces . There he met the American Judith Pownall, married her in 1948 and went to the USA with her. He remained true to his profession in agriculture and taught at Cornell University as a professor , which also sent him to the Philippines . In later years he worked as a consultant for the World Bank , the United Nations Development Program , the International Fund for Agricultural Development in Rome , the Reconstruction Loan Corporation and the German Society for Technical Cooperation . In addition, he worked for the Turkish Foundation for Development in Ankara and worked with the Grameen Bank , whose loan program Muhammad Yunus was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1979 he was in Kabul for the United Nations when the Soviet troops invaded. The marriage had two children:
            1. Anita von Oppenfeld
            2. Rolf von Oppenfeld
    2. Daniel Oppenheim (born June 11, 1800 in Berlin), negotiator , banker, manor owner, co-owner of the company M. Oppenheims sons Komptoir and Eisenlager. Some time after his brother he was also baptized in the name of Carl Daniel , which was a condition for the ennoblement . The Auguste-Luisen-Foundation to the hospital of the Barmherzige Schwestern in Baden , from whose annual interest two poor girls were to be raised there, and the foundation to the Protestant school fund in Baden, whose interest income was to be used for the salary of a Protestant elementary school teacher, both from October 28, 1856, go back to him. He became an honorary citizen of the city of Baden in 1861 and was a member of the Society of Friends , a Jewish aid organization in Berlin. He married Auguste Hermine Dittbauer.
      1. Emilie Elise Alma von Oppenfeld (born November 11, 1844 in Reinfeld) married Baron Louis Robert Christian Weber von Treuenfels, consul of Austria-Hungary
      2. Hans Emil Carl von Oppenfeld (1848–1915), married to Margarethe von Eisenmann

From Oppenfeld

Gutshaus Reinfeld, Alexander Duncker collection
Laurahütte around 1840

In 1824 the brothers Moses (1793–1861) and Daniel Oppenheim (* 1800) bought Gut Reinfeld and its outbuildings, which is why Moses Oppenheim wanted to use the name "Moritz von Oppenheim-Reinfeld", but he only got the combination of Oppenheim and Reinfeld, "Oppenfeld", were permitted, and both brothers had to be baptized as Christians . The von Oppenfeld family had a coat of arms, which was designed based on that of the von Ramel family, who had died out in Germany , and Reinfeld once owned them as a fief . In the nobility ("von Oppenfeld") , the brothers received permission from the ministry to use this name from September 22, 1827, which they, however, have not yet published due to their loans abroad.

Both worked as fish farmers, among other things, in Fridrichswalde near Stargard in Pomerania they released 150 sterlets . Herr von Schweinitz sent it to the Oppenfeld fish farm by train . In 1835, Count Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck in Siemianowitz and the Oppenfeld brothers in Berlin formed a partnership to found the ironworks establishment Laurahütte , southeast of Siemianowitz on the Chaussee to Kattowitz . From 1 July 1858, the Laurahütte was operated exclusively by Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck The foundation stone for this work was held on September 8, 1836 the operation of the blast furnace Plant began on February 6, 1839. With the production one was first mill built , by 1840 four blast furnaces and two rolling mills had been built and put into operation, the technical equipment of the ironworks came from England . In the period from 1847 to 1851, a steam hammer and another rolling mill were built and expanded in 1854.

coat of arms

The divided coat of arms is nested in four rows of black and silver at the top, and a gold star at the bottom in red. On the crowned helmet with black and silver helmet covers on the right and red and silver helmet covers on the left , an open flight of silver and black divided over a corner , growing between an armored arm with a silver halberd (or battle ax ) in the fist.

"Stock exchange and start-up fraud"

Otto Glagau (1834-1892) began in December 1874 in connection with the “ Gründerkrach ” (1873) to publish a series of articles on the “stock exchange and start-up swindle” in the family magazine Gartenlaube . In it he flatly accused the Jews of having caused the economic crisis through unfair business practices and speculation on the stock market ; Oppenfeld's can also be found in his remarks:

Continental Telegraph Company

On May 1, 1865 sold Benda Wolff , the owner of the National newspaper , which was built by him telegraph office to the "Continental Telegraph Company", limited partnership by shares. The share capital was set at 333,333 thalers and 10 silver groschen and subscribed by: Gerson Bleichröder (S. Bleichröder), Victor von Magnus ( Bankhaus F. Mart. Magnus ), Carl Daniel von Oppenfeld (M. Oppenheims Sons), Hermann Zwicker ( Bankhaus Gebr . Schickler ), Theodor Wimmel, Richard Wentzel, Justizrat Valentin and Dr. Ferdinand Salomon (nephew of Benda Wolff). The previous owner Wolff was appointed to the supervisory board and the Prussian government is said to have taken over part of the shares. In 1874 the liquidation was decided, the liquidators were Hermann Rasche , Immanuel Rosenstein and John Fuchs; these transformed the company into a pure stock corporation, in which the judiciary Hermann Riem was involved, the main draftsmen were again the four big banks .

“The telegraph offices, which, like Wolff, Reuter, Havas etc., are everywhere in the hands of Jews, on the one hand depend on the state governments and therefore have to live to their will, on the other hand, the main income from the, must not go unmentioned here Relate to the stock exchange and are primarily at your service. As a rule, the stock exchange is better and more informed about what is going on in Europe than even diplomats and ministers. The stock exchange receives important telegraphic dispatches far earlier than the newspapers, whose subscriptions are irrelevant. Such messages, such as For example, reports of the fall of the Grand Vezier Midhat have long been exploited by the stock exchange - escomptirt, as the technical expression is - before the press and the public have any idea. And the brokers themselves are again not served evenly, but there is a multiple gradation. The ruling banking houses are always averted first; after them the dispatch is communicated to houses of the second and third rank, and still later it is received by the majority of the speculators. Likewise, the dispatches from the telegraph offices have a lead on all lines over the private telegrams; and the new telegraph tariff of the German Reich, which Mr. Stephan may also say, is by no means beneficial to the public, but to an extraordinary extent to the stock exchange and the big business people. "

- Otto Glagau

Lignite mining near Nudersdorf , Wittenberg

In March 1872 Hans Emil von Oppenfeld (company M. Oppenheims Sons), the consul general z. DLP Spiegelthal, Otto Moeser (legal consultant of the company) , as well as the calibration inspector and city councilor Bernhard Kosmann in Berlin, a mining company with 600,000 Taler shares . However, the lignite mines had only a low yield and the associated brickworks had to cease operations. Since the bathers of the bathhouse, founded in 1850 by the brothers Gustav and Karl Wilhelm Luther, stayed away, the nearby coal mines were assumed to be the cause. Bankruptcy set in as early as November 1873, but the liquidity problems were resolved and the company decided to dissolve. The liquidator Albert Jausel from Berlin, and the shareholders received about 5.5% back. According to the Neue Börsen-Zeitung , Herr von Oppenfeld had bought the estate for 100,000 thalers, left it to the company for 520,000 thalers, and then bought it back cheaply from the subhastation estate . At the request of the public prosecutor , an investigation was initiated, as a result of which the two directors Kosmann and the mining official Knaut were sentenced to two and one week in prison, respectively, because they had not filed for bankruptcy in time.

West Club

Founded in December 1872 in Berlin by Salomon Lachmann, Adolf Salomon, William Schönlank, Julius Jacoby, the Secret Admiralty Councilor Ernst Gäbler and others.

"It is characteristic of the capital of the German Empire that this club, which was supposed to unite the society of the most distinguished district in front of the Potsdamer and Anhalter Thore, was mainly brought into being by Jews and founders."

- Otto Glagau

Tattersall-Actien-Gesellschaft

Licensed in Berlin in 1868, Board of Directors: Deputy Count Johannes von Renard , Deputy Theodor von Bethmann-Hollweg auf Runowo (Runowo Krajeńskie), Count von Lehndorff- Steinort and others.

Union Stud Hoppegarten

Founded in May 1870 by the MPs Duke Victor II. Amadeus von Ratibor and Count von Renard as well as Wilhelm Herz and Adolf Abel in Berlin, in February 1875 the resolution was decided.

Berlin Riding Institute

Founded in December 1872 in Berlin by Felix Meyer, Hans von Adelson, Oscar Bennewitz, Samuel Heinrich Ellon, Judiciary Hermann Riem (member of the Berlin Lawless Society ), retired government assessor. D. George Magnus, manor owner Emil Eschwe, James Saloschin and others. The institute closed in 1873/1874 with a loss of around 10,000 thalers and was leased to the previous director in October 1875.

Glaugau accused these four companies of being purely private companies whose shares were not intended for the public. He found it

“Interesting to see how high nobility and high finance join hands here, how the stock market also makes noble passions. The so-called "Millions Club" in Berlin, where only millionaires were accepted during the period of dizziness and mere five hundred thousand thaler men were harshly rejected, often saw counts and dukes with them as guests, and conversely, wealthy stockbrokers and Semites also moved in the noble casinos. At the races in Hoppegarten, Freiherr von Oppenheim and Herr von Oppenfeld were among the matadors, and the great founder RA Seelig has also won many prizes here. He kept a valuable stables, but got rid of it after the row. The avenue in Thiergarten, which leads to the Victory Monument, was popularly known at the time as "Founders Allee", because here the founders rode in equipages on rubber wheels, here they trotted on the noblest horses, more to others than for their own pleasure. The exchange on horseback, the Old Testament on horseback - what a wonderful sight! And it was not uncommon for an accident to happen. One of the most violent founders fell on his horse and was dragged to death in front of the eyes of his wife, who accompanied him on a ride one spring morning. "

- Otto Glagau

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nobility Lexicon . In: Genealogical manual of the nobility . tape X , Complete Series Volume 119. CA Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 1999, ISBN 3-7980-0819-1 , p. 32 f .
  2. ^ (Editing) Meta Kohnke, (Eds.) Bernd Braun, Manfred Jehle, Andreas Reinke, Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, Reinhard Rürup : Sources on the history of the Jews in the archives of the new federal states . Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, part 1. de Gruyter Saur, 1999, ISBN 3-598-22442-7 , p. 447
  3. ^ Jacob Jacobson : The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 . De Gruyter, 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 53
  4. ^ E. Meyer: The Livonian rhyming chronicle by Dittlieb von Alnpeke . Franz Kluge, Reval 1848, pp. 136, 358, 360
  5. ↑ H. Jolowitcz: History of Jews in Konigsberg. Pr. A contribution to the moral history of the Prussian state . Joseph Jolowitcz, Posen 1867, p. 81
  6. ^ Jacob Jacobson: Jewish weddings in Berlin 1759-1813 . With additions for the years from 1723 to 1759 (= Volume 4 of Quellenwerke, Volume 28 of publications by the Historical Commission in Berlin at the Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin, Historical Commission). De Gruyter, 1968, p. 275
  7. ↑ Benjamin Franklin Peixotto, Moritz Ellinger. B'nai B'rith - The Menorah , Vol. II, January to June 1887, Menorah Publishing Company, New York 1887, pp. 237 ff. (No. 5, May 1887)
  8. ^ Jacob Jacobson: The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 . De Gruyter, 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 53
  9. ^ Jacob Jacobson: Jewish weddings in Berlin 1759-1813 . With additions for the years from 1723 to 1759 (= Volume 4 of Quellenwerke, Volume 28 of publications by the Historical Commission in Berlin at the Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin, Historical Commission). De Gruyter, 1968, p. 343
  10. ^ Jacob Jacobson: The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 De Gruyter, 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 54
  11. ^ Jacob Jacobson: The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 . De Gruyter, 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 142
  12. ↑ Database ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Association for the History of Berlin e. V. founded in 1865 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.diegeschichteberlins.de
  13. ^ Jacob Jacobson: The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 . De Gruyter, 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 142
  14. ^ List of foundations with legal capacity under civil law based in Berlin . ( Memento of the original from June 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.3 MB) Status: July 1, 2015, p. 165. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.berlin.de
  15. ↑ Georg Ebers: The story of my life. From child to man . Stuttgart 1893, p. 11
  16. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of noble houses , 1900, first year. Justus Perthes Gotha, p. 682
  17. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the primeval noble houses . Ninth year. Justus Perthes, Gotha 1908, p. 274
  18. ^ German Reich address book for industry, trade, commerce and agriculture , Volume IV: Address directory, 4th part, 1928
  19. ^ Black Book of Land Reform ( Memento from December 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ↑ Bryan Mark Rigg : Hitler's Jewish soldiers . Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2006, pp. 169–170, Interview with Horst von Oppenfeld January 5, 1995
  21. ^ Rehabilitated: University of Greifswald posthumously returns academic and honorary degrees revoked by the Nazi regime Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, January 26, 2001
  22. ↑ a b Gefallene Reinfeld ( Memento from December 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  23. ↑ Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the count's houses , volume 115. Justus Perthes, Gotha 1942, p. 220
  24. ↑ Obituary Rapp Funeral and Cremation Services Horst von Oppenfeld (1913-2010)
  25. ^ Peter Hoffmann: Stauffenberg: a family history, 1905-1944 . McGill-Queen's University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-7735-2595-5 , p. 164
  26. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: old man looking back at life@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.americangoethesociety.org
  27. ^ Jacob Jacobson: The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 . De Gruyter, 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 176
  28. ↑ Grossherzoglich-Baden Government Gazette , No. XLVIII, Karlsruhe November 25, 1856, p. 423
  29. ↑ List of people elected honorary citizens of the city of Baden-Baden in chronological order. (PDF) City of Baden-Baden, accessed on June 8, 2016 .
  30. ^ La Noblesse Belge, Annuaire de 1897 . Bruxelles 1897, part 1, p. 352
  31. ^ Jacob Jacobson: The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 , De Gruyter 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 142.
  32. ^ Jacob Jacobson: The Jewish Citizens' Books of the City of Berlin 1809-1851. With additions for the years 1791–1809 . De Gruyter, 1962, ISBN 3-11-000448-8 , p. 176.
  33. Jump up ↑ Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou , Tome XLIV, Année 1871, ns. 1 et 2, Moscou 1871, pp. 256f.
  34. ↑ Th. Schück: Oberschlesien: Statistics of the government district of Opole with special reference to agriculture, mining, metallurgy, trade and trade according to official sources . K. Bädeker, Iserloh 1860, p. 338 ff.
  35. ^ CA Freiherr von Graß, A. von Bierbrauer-Brennstein: J. Siebmacher's large and general Wappenbuch , Volume II, Section 6; The nobility in Baden . Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg 1878, p. 117, plate 70
  36. ^ Otto Glagau : The stock exchange and start-up fraud in Berlin . In: The Gazebo . ( Full text [ Wikisource ] - overview of the series, 1874/1875).
  37. ^ Otto Glagau : The stock exchange and start-up fraud in Germany . Second part. Paul Frohberg, Leipzig 1877, p. 493 f.
  38. ^ Otto Glagau : The stock exchange and start-up fraud in Germany . Second part. Paul Frohberg, Leipzig 1877, p. 491
  39. ^ Otto Glagau : The stock exchange and start-up fraud in Germany . Second part. Paul Frohberg, Leipzig 1877, p. 401 f.
  40. ^ Otto Glagau : The stock exchange and start-up fraud in Germany . Second part. Paul Frohberg, Leipzig 1877, p. 412 f.
  41. ^ Otto Glagau : The stock exchange and start-up fraud in Germany . Second part. Paul Frohberg, Leipzig 1877, p. 413 f.