Palfen (toponym)

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Distribution of the secured and possible toponymics for rock formations and places on «Palf [en] -» (selection as of 2015)

Palfen is an Upper German word for rock .

etymology

The word der Palfen , locally also the Palfe , generally stands for 'rock; Rock jagged, step, ledge; overhanging rock '. In Grimm it is called a 'large overhanging rock', also called Palfenwand (1555). It is still in use today, for example as “a single, standing rock protruding from steep terrain”, also “large stones that often block access to crevices ”. The spellings Balfen and Palven can also be found here and there .

The common hypothesis is to see the word as the form of the balm (also palm ), “ cave in the rock”, Swiss German also “[stony] hill” and “ Abri ” (half cave as a shelter). This word is probably close to upper Italian balma , French baume , Rhaeto-Romanic palva , which is seen as Celtic because of its distribution as well as Cornish bal 'mine, shaft' and Welsh bâl 'protruding hill' , handed down in Roman terms . A reconstructed root would be * balmâ 'grotto'. Since the change -lm- to -lf- cannot be Bavarian , an earlier sound change was suggested. This hypothesis contradicts the fact that the distribution area of ​​the place names on P ⁄ B alfen , in Salzburg and neighboring areas, does not connect to Alemannic - Rhaeto-Romanic Bal m ⁄ v , the word is missing in the north Tyrolean Inn valley as well as in South Tyrol .

Another hypothesis mentions an unspecific pre-Roman substratum word * péllawo- 'rock', handed down in Romansh, perhaps for mountain names such as Italian  Pelvo , French  Pelvé , Pelvoux .

In any case, the entire isolated distribution area - the province of Salzburg, the Berchtesgadener Land , Achental , East Tyrol and Upper Carinthia - is an early mission and settlement area of ​​the diocese of Salzburg, and the area of ​​this city was still a Romanesque-Celtic-Slavic mixed area in post-antiquity. The fact that the word passed into local Bavarian there is also supported by the fact that in East Tyrol it is explicitly used as a "German" expression in contrast to Slavic and Romanic place names ( e.g. Weißer Balfen in the Dorfer Tal as a counterpart to the neighboring mountain name Gradalfe from Romanesque croda alba ' white rock [crest] ').

In addition, there could be an unrelated derivation to a personal name.

To the east - Salzburg to Styria - adjoins, largely without overlap, the distribution area of Ofen (Germanic or older), in almost the same meaning and width ('rock formation, rock wall' including 'cave'); north-east - Upper and Lower Austria - Parz stands for 'stone hill'.

Examples

(grouped northwest to southeast)

Palfing  (By.), Palfau  (Styria) appear unclear .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Balfen, Palfen (Balm, Palm) m. (Especially in the west; locally also the Palfe etc.) In: Heinz Dieter Pohl : The most common mountain appellatives in Austria . (List, compiled for the terminology workshop as part of the “Alpkultur” project under the direction of Isolde Hausner for the 21st onenological symposium in Kals am Großglockner; pdf, uni-klu.ac.at), p. 1; similarly also dsslb .: South Bavarian mountain names from Carinthia and East Tyrol (Austria). In: Astrid van Nahl, Lennart Elmevik, Stefan Brink (eds.): Worlds of names: place and person names in a historical perspective. Volume 44 of Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde. Supplementary volumes, new edition Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 2004, ISBN 978-3-11-091147-3 , p. 241 ff ( Google eBook, full view ); scarcer also mountain names in Austria . on members.chello.at/heinz.pohl, there section 1b. Common appellatives (mountain words).

  2. ↑ palfen, balfen , m . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 13 : N, O, P, Q - (VII). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1889 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  3. ↑ Österreichische Weisthümer 2, 52, 7, according to Palfenwand. In: German dictionary . tape 13 , 1889 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ). ; unclear whether appellative
  4. ↑ Palfen . In: Mineralienatlas: Lexikon , mineralienatlas.de
  5. ↑ a b c The official spelling of the Burning Palven with «v», which is otherwise missing, is more likely to be an analogy to the nearby Salve .
  6. ↑ a b c * balmâ 'Grotto' . In: Uwe Friedrich Schmidt: Praeromanica der Italoromania on the basis of the LEI (A and B). Volume 49 of Europäische Hochschulschriften , Series 9, Italian Language and Literature , Verlag Peter Lang, 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-58770-6 , pp. 160–170, there on Palfen in particular Scheuermeier 1920 and Meier-Lübke 1921a, p 165 f (detailed overview of the research; Google eBook, full view ).
  7. ↑ balm , f . In: German dictionary . tape 1 , 1854 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
  8. ↑ Götzinger 1891, Scheuermeier 1920, after Schmidt 2009, both p. 165.
  9. ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Volume 4, Col. 1215 f. (idiotikon.ch).
  10. ↑ Holder 1891–1907, after Schmidt 2009, p. 160, u. a.
  11. ↑ For example Baume-les-Messieurs (Jura), Baulmes (Lausanne), Baume-les-Dames (Besançon), Beaume ( Saint-Romain-de-Roche , Pratz)
  12. ↑ Hufschmid 1951, after Schmidt 2009, both p. 163, u. a.
  13. ↑ The only occurrence in Austria would possibly be Palmtal with Palmtaljoch and Balmaalpe in Vorarlberg;
    Places like Palmsdorf near Roitham, Palmsdorf and Eisenpalmsdorf am Attersee (all in Upper Austria's Alpine foothills), Palmansdorf (Innviertel, Upper Austria), Palm (Bucklige Welt, Lower Austria), or Palmsdorf , Slovakia and Palmsdorf , Poland, all without any reference to rock shapes, place one another possible root close, for example to a personal name ( Palman as a diminutive, like Karl → Karlman ?); only the palm ditch near Sankt Pankraz not far from the Bosruck seemed possible.
  14. ↑ Scheuermeier 1920 rejects this, but on the assumption that there is a connection with balma ; Because of the sound change "m" → "f", this author has also suggested Ligurian (a Romance language) as the language of origin; according to Schmidt 2009, p. 165.
  15. ↑ In the context of the Hallein salt mountain, Celtic nobles can be traced back to the 3rd century AD as an independent ethnic group, post-Roman settlements are common, as is Christian tradition ( Severin ); the Migration Period likely Alpine Slavs , at least in Innergebirg and east in the Salzkammergut have lived in the 7th century. The re-Christianization begins by irokeltische Mission ( Rupert ) and baiuwarische conquest . All three language families are then directly passed on here.
  16. ↑ Karl Odwarka, Heinz Dieter Pohl: materials to a name book by Kal (East Tyrol). In: Österreichische Namenforschung : I. ÖNf 14 / 1–2 (1986), p. 75; III. ÖNf 18 (1990), p. 416; According to Ref. Pohl: Balfen, Palfen .
  17. ↑ a b Palfing, near Dachau: a worn place in today's urban area of ​​Munich, between Laim near Nymphenburg and Pasing ; see. Lorenz von Westenrieder: Statistical description of the churfürstl. District Court Dachau . Publishing house Lindauer, 1792, Sp. 108 ( Google eBook, full view ). ; presumably an old -ing -name of Bavarian origin; also in the personal name Palfinger.
  18. ↑ The selection primarily gives the names of the Geonam Austria database , but the word can be much more common locally, cf. the entry to Kals; other sources explicitly stated
  19. ↑ So named from the Sölllandler south side, which looks at the rock face, Mittagskogel probably in the Inn valley to Kufstein in the north.
  20. ↑ And also Palfner Heimalm, Palfner Hochalm, Palfner Wald, Palfner Scharte , Palfner Kar, Palfner See .
  21. ↑ For Kals are mentioned: Bachlerbalfen, Balfen, Bichlbalfen, Blauer Balfen, Greipalfen (probably Gereute ), Nasenpalfen, Salzbalfelen (Dim./Pl.), Saubalfen, Sechserbalfen (a time hand ), Uhlpalfen (probably related to Ulrich), Wasserbalfen, Weißer Balfen; Indication of Kals Name from A - Z . on the municipality of Kals a. Großglockner: kalskommunikation.at (list is primarily based on the work of H. Pohl);
    the soft "B" spelling is typically East Tyrolean-Carinthian.
  22. ↑ Pazisel, perhaps an old mining name at the Goldbergspitze