Baulmes

Balmis is a redirect to this article. For the Spanish physician, see Francisco Javier de Balmis .

Baulmes
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Vaud (VD)
District :	Jura north vaudois
BFS no. :	5745
Postal code :	1446
Coordinates :	530009  /  182596 coordinates: 46 ° 47 '27 "  N , 6 ° 31' 19"  O ; CH1903:  530009  /  182596
Height :	656  m above sea level M.
Height range :	563–1558 m above sea level M.
Area :	22.50  km²
Residents:	1027 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	46 inhabitants per km²
Website:	www.baulmes.ch
Baulmes as seen from Vue du Mont de Baulmes
Location of the municipality

Baulmes is a municipality in the Jura-Nord vaudois district in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland .

geography

Baulmes lies at 656  m above sea level. M. , 10 km west of the district capital Yverdon-les-Bains (beeline). The village extends on the alluvial cone of the Baumine , a mountain stream that emerges from the Jura into the Swiss Plateau, at the southeast foot of the Aiguilles de Baulmes .

The area of ​​the 22.5 km² municipal area covers a section in the Vaudois Jura. The southeastern part of the area is geographically still in the Central Plateau and includes a plateau at the foot of the Jura with the nature reserve Marais de Rances moorland , the Pipechat ( 670  m above sea level ) east of it, the alluvial cone of the mine and then parallel to the Jura valley of this stream that flows into the Arnon . To the west is the densely forested, steep slope of the Jura , partly crossed by ledges and landslides ( Les Rapilles , nature reserve), which is subdivided by the mountain valley of the Baumine. In the Jura, the municipality extends to the heights of Mont de Baulmes ( 1285  m above sea level ), Aiguilles de Baulmes (at 1559  m above sea level, the highest point of Baulmes) and near the summit of Suchet (up to 1550  m above sea level) . M. ). At these heights there are extensive Jura high pastures with the typical mighty spruce trees , which either stand individually or in groups. To the west the area extends into the uppermost part of the catchment area of ​​the Jougnena . The La Joux de la Limasse forest north of the Col de l'Aiguillon pass also belongs to Baulmes. In 1997, 4% of the municipal area was in settlements, 55% in forests and woodlands, 40% in agriculture and a little more than 1% was unproductive land.

Numerous individual farms at the foot of the Jura and on the mountain ranges belong to Baulmes. The neighboring municipalities of Baulmes are Sainte-Croix , Vuiteboeuf , Champvent , Rances and L'Abergement in the canton of Vaud and Jougne and Les Hôpitaux-Vieux in neighboring France .

population

With 1,027 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2018), Baulmes is one of the smaller municipalities in the canton of Vaud. 87.4% of the residents are French-speaking, 2.7% German-speaking and 3.6% speak Serbo-Croatian (as of 2000). The population of Baulmes was 862 in 1850 and 1241 in 1900. After that, the village suffered a decrease by a third to 811 inhabitants by 1970 due to strong emigration. Since then, a slight increase in population has been recorded.

economy

For a long time, Baulmes was mainly an agricultural village. Agriculture still makes up an important part of the employment structure today. At the foot of the Jura, arable farming is predominantly practiced on the fertile soils , while livestock and dairy farming predominate in the high areas . As early as the 14th century, cloth making was an important branch of the population. The hydropower of the construction mine was used early on for the operation of mills, sawmills, forges and tanneries. There were blast furnaces on the Jougnena from the 16th to the 18th century. A cement factory was in operation from 1897 to 1957. Today the industry focuses on wood processing (furniture manufacturing, joinery, carpentry), there are also mechanical workshops and a coffee machine factory.

traffic

The community is located away from the major thoroughfares on a cantonal road from Vuiteboeuf to Orbe . On November 27, 1893, the narrow-gauge railway Chemin de fer Yverdon-Ste-Croix was put into operation with a station in Baulmes. There is also a bus connection with Orbe.

history

la cure

Historic aerial photo by Werner Friedli from 1964

The municipality of Baulmes can look back on a very long tradition of settlement. Witnesses of prehistoric settlement were found in the rocks on the Jura slope above the village. Traces of settlement have also been discovered from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age (stone tools, ceramics and bones). There are other remains from the Roman era and the early Middle Ages.

The first written mention of Baulmes took place in 652 under the name in loco Balmensi . The names Balmo (962), Balmis (1123) and Balme (1228) appeared later . The place name is derived from the late Latin balma ( cave , grotto , abri ).

The local history begins in 652, when Duke Chramnelenus , a friend of St. Columban , founded a monastery dedicated to St. Mary near Baulmes, in which people lived first according to the rules of Columban and later those of the Benedictines . Presumably in the course of the 12th century, the then neglected monastery came to the Cluniac priory Payerne , under which the priory was restored. The monastery owned goods in Bonvillars , Montcherand and Orbe . The village of Baulmes gradually developed around the monastery. In the 13th or 14th century the whole village was destroyed by a fire. During the 15th century, Baulmes was the target of robber barons from neighboring France several times. For this reason, a fortress was built at the upper entrance to the village against the Col de l'Aiguillon, in which all residents could find space during such incursions.

With the conquest of Vaud by Bern in 1536, the Reformation was introduced and the Baulmes priory was dissolved. Baulmes was assigned to the Bailiwick of Yverdon, which was under Bernese rule, and remained with it until the collapse of the Ancien Régime in 1798. After that, the village belonged to the canton of Léman until 1803 during the Helvetic Republic, which then became part of the canton of Vaud when the mediation constitution came into force . Initially, Baulmes was part of the Grandson district , and in 1809 it became the Orbe district.

Attractions

See also : List of cultural assets in Baulmes

Parish church

There are no remains of the former priory church. Parts of the priory building were converted into a rectory in 1618, which has a fortified portal from the 15th century. The construction of today's Reformed Church of Saint-Pierre, which was mentioned as a parish church as early as 1228, dates largely from 1821 and was enlarged in 1871. Some Romanesque elements and the substructure of the tower were integrated from the previous building , the church windows date from the Gothic period . In the tower passage is a Roman altar dedicated to Apollo . The Maison de la Dîme, built in the 17th century, now houses the local museum (Musée du Vieux-Baulmes). On the Grand-Rue there is an archive tower with a small bell tower from 1750. Some farmhouses from the 18th and 19th centuries have also been preserved.

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  View from the church to the town

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  The former priory

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  Townhouse

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  Roman altar stone of Apollo in the church

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  Alley in the old town

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  Beffroi archive tower

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  railway station

Sports

The village's own football club, FC Baulmes , is exceptionally successful in relation to the number of inhabitants in the village - with the result that sometimes more spectators are present at the games in the Stade Sous-Ville than the village has inhabitants.

Web links

Commons : Baulmes  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality of Baulmes (French)
• Michel Egloff, Germain Hausmann: Baulmes. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Aerial photography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .