Baume-les-Dames
| Baume-les-Dames | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | Doubs | |
| Arrondissement | Besançon | |
| Canton | Baume-les-Dames (main town) | |
| Community association | Doubs Baumois | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 21 ′ N , 6 ° 22 ′ E | |
| height | 261-538 m | |
| surface | 24.79 km 2 | |
| Residents | 5,063 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 204 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 25110 | |
| INSEE code | 25047 | |
| Website | www.baumelesdames.org | |
Baume-les-Dames is a French municipality with 5063 inhabitants (as of January 1 2017) in Doubs in the region Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It is the capital of the canton of the same name in the arrondissement of Besançon .
geography
Baume-les-Dames is located at 280 m, about 28 kilometers (as the crow flies) east-northeast of the city of Besançon . The town extends on the northern edge of a valley widening of the Doubs , in the extreme northwestern mountain ranges of the Jura , between the heights of the Framont in the north and the Jura border chain (Roche de Chatard and Bois de Babre) in the south.
The area of the 24.8 km² large municipal area includes a section of the Doubstal. The central part of the area is taken up by the Baume valley widening, which is only marginally affected by the Doubs in the south. It represents the former valley floodplain; because in geological time the Doubs drew an arc to the north around a circulating mountain before the river loop was cut off.
The Doubs crosses the area with several bends on a distance of about 10 km from east to west and, with the exception of the valley widening of Baume, shows a mostly 500 to 700 m wide flat floodplain. It also forms the waterway of the Rhine-Rhône Canal . The valley is deeply cut between two mountain ranges of the system of the Jura rim chain, which form anticlines in geological and tectonic terms . The erosion force of the river removed parts of these anticlines, creating steep slopes crowned by rock faces.
To the north of the Doube valley, the communal soil extends over a partly wooded, partly meadow-covered slope to the wide ridge of the Framont (519 m) and the height of Bois la Ville, where Baume-les-Dames reaches the highest elevation at 548 m becomes. The municipal area extends to the west with a narrow tip and includes the extensive forest area of the Bois du Grand Val (up to 440 m). On its south side, the Doubstal is accompanied by the Jura ridge. It consists of the ridge Roche de Chatard and Bois de Babre (512 m). In between is the breakthrough valley of the Cusancin , the lowest section of which also belongs to the municipality.
Several settlements and hamlets also belong to Baume-les-Dames, namely:
- Cour ( 275 m ), in the Doubstal at the northern foot of the Roche de Chatard
- Les Tanneries ( 270 m ), in the valley widening south-west of Baume-les-Dames
- Champvans ( 320 m ), on a terrace west of the Baume valley
- Super Baume ( 370 m ), on a ledge north of the Doubs
- La Grange Ravey ( 275 m ), on the north bank of the Doubs
- L'Aigle ( 420 m ), on a terrace on the northern slope of the Doubs.
Neighboring municipalities of Baume-les-Dames are Fontenotte , Luxiol and Autechaux in the north, Voillans , Hyèvre-Paroisse , Hyèvre-Magny and Villers-Saint-Martin in the east, Pont-les-Moulins , Silley-Bléfond , Esnans , Fourbanne and Grosbois in the South and Séchin , Breconchaux , Val-de-Roulans and La Bretenière to the west.
history
On the site of Baume-les-Dames there was already a settlement site in Roman times that was named Balma , which refers to prehistoric settlements (see Balm (toponym) ). Baume Abbey was probably founded around 400 by Germanus, Bishop of Besançon. It developed into the spiritual center of the region and mainly took in girls from noble families. Hence the name Baume-les-Nonnes , which was later changed to Baume-les-Dames .
Under Friedrich Barbarossa , Baume-les-Dames was surrounded by a wall from 1153 and was granted city rights. At the beginning of the 13th century, the lords of Neufchâtel (from Neuchâtel-Urtière) took over the rule of the city. As a result, Baume-les-Dames developed into the center of a Kastlanei and a trading town on the route from the Rhône to the Rhine. The first paper mill on the Doubs was founded as early as 1448. When in 1480 King Ludwig XI. invaded Franche-Comté, the castle was destroyed by Baume. The population suffered from a major fire (1501) and plague epidemics in the first half of the 16th century. Baume-les-Dames was now the seat of a bailiwick. Together with Franche-Comté , the village finally came to France with the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678. The abbey was closed as part of the French Revolution .
In the 19th century, Baume-les-Dames experienced an economic boom due to the settlement of industry. The railway line through the Doube valley from Besançon to Montbéliard was opened in 1858. At the end of the 19th century, a weaving mill, a spinning mill and the Ropp pipe factory were located in Baume-les-Dames. Until 1926, Baume-les-Dames was the main town in the arrondissement of the same name, which then became part of the Besançon arrondissement . Over time, two previously independent municipalities were incorporated into Baume-les-Dames, Cour on the banks of the Doubs in 1896 and Champvans-les-Baume in 1973.
Attractions
The Saint-Martin church was originally built in the 9th century. It was rebuilt from 1617 to 1621 in the Gothic style and underwent extensive restoration (partly new construction) in the 19th century. The rich furnishings include a reliquary from the 16th century, the Vierge de Pitié statue (1549), the pulpit (17th century) and the choir desk and altar from the 18th century.
The abbey church was built from 1738 to 1760 based on Romanesque styles, but remained unfinished due to a lack of money. In the cemetery is the Saint-Sépulcre chapel, which was built in Gothic style in 1540 and contains various statues from the era when it was built.
The core of Baume-les-Dames has retained its medieval character with numerous beautiful town houses. The most important secular buildings include the house of the Sires de Neuchâtel (15th century), the Maison à Tourelle (16th century), the Maison Courvoisier (18th century), the old court of justice (18th century), which was rebuilt in 1825 Hôtel de Ville (City Hall), the Maison des Frères Greniers and the Maison Besson (19th century). The Hôpital de la Croix dates from around 1720.
Baume-les-Dames also owns three museums. In the Ecomusée des Pipes Ropp, workshops and tools for making pipes (at the end of the 19th century) can be viewed. The Musée des Sires de Neufchastel is located in the house of the same name from the 15th century. The silk weaving around 1830 is shown in the Musée des Canuts.
Outside of Baume-les-Dames, the Gothic church of Cour-les-Baume, which was built in the 14th century, is worth seeing. A restoration and redesign took place in the 18th century. The interior includes valuable furniture from the 13th to 15th centuries.
population
| 1911 | 1946 | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3326 | 2919 | 4076 | 5006 | 5531 | 5303 | 5237 | 5384 | 5349 | 5149 |
With 5063 inhabitants (January 1, 2017), Baume-les-Dames is one of the medium-sized municipalities in the Doubs department. In the second half of the 19th century, the population was always around 2,700 and then rose to 3,326 by 1911. A slight population decrease in the first half of the 20th century was followed by significant growth, particularly during the 1960s and 70s. With almost 5,600 inhabitants, the previous high was reached in the mid-1970s. This was followed by a slight decline of a good 5%, which was, however, replaced in 1990 by a renewed upward trend.
Economy and Infrastructure
Baume-les-Dames was early on as a town dominated by trade and commerce, in which the products of the surrounding agricultural area were also processed and sold. Today, Baume-les-Dames is a small town about halfway between Besançon and Montbéliard. It has a well-developed infrastructure and thus performs central functions for the surrounding area.
Since the 1970s, commercial and industrial zones have been created on the outskirts in the valley widening south and south-west of the town. Another cross-community industrial zone (together with Autechaux) is under construction in the area of the motorway connection. Many different branches of industry are represented in Baume-les-Dames: printing and manufacture of book covers, kitchen construction, furniture, packaging and chemical industry, electronics, wood processing, construction and transport, automotive and precision engineering. Most jobs are in the tertiary sector, in two supermarkets, numerous retail outlets, in the hospitality industry as well as in administration, banking and insurance. Baume-les-Dames is the administrative seat of the Doubs Baumois municipal association .
The city has a hospital, a college, a vocational school and a medical-educational institute.
Baume-les-Dames has good transport links. It is on the main N83 road that runs from Besançon to Montbéliard. The nearest connection to the A36 motorway , which crosses the municipality, is around 4 km away. There are further national road connections with Valdahon and Villersexel . Baume-les-Dames has a train station on the Dole – Besançon – Belfort railway line .
Climb
In the vicinity of Baume-les-Dames there is a climbing area with around 400 routes of almost all levels of difficulty. Most of them are perfectly secured, but there are also individual clean climbing routes.
Personalities
- Jean Baptiste Bassand (1680–1742), medic
- Nicolas-Gabriel Le Clerc (1726–1798), physician and historian
- Claude Jules Grenier (1817-1883), painter
- Édouard Grenier (1819–1901), diplomat and writer
