Palm (noble family)

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Ancestral arms of the palm

The Palm were a German noble and princely family from Esslingen am Neckar . As bankers and diplomats, members of the family managed to rise from the Esslingen bourgeoisie to the imperial princehood within three generations, but the main line died out in the next generation in 1851 in the male line.

history

The descent from an old Catalan noble family de Lullis , postulated in the genealogical-historical-statistical almanac of 1835, is a genealogical legend that can be seen in connection with the high social prestige due to the elevation to the rank of count or prince in the 18th century . Legend has it that the family came to Mallorca in 1235 in the entourage of King Jacob of Aragon , where they were given the name de Palma . A branch came to Switzerland via Milan , where it owned a castle called Palmeck among the counts . During the Reformation , the Palm emigrated to Swabia as Protestants .

Descendants of Swabian since 1419 with Hans Balm , citizens in Neresheim , detectable sex Palm are still widely used today. The progenitor of the later aristocratic family is Wilhelm Balm ( Palm ), documented in 1478, † 1494, syndic of the Zimmer monastery . Matthäus Palm was mayor of Neresheim. His son, the serious and daring Wilhalm Balm (the serious and distinguished Wilhelm Palm; 1545–1580) was the first family member to live in Schorndorf . His wife Susanne duration (1544–1576) came from an Augsburg family. Her father Michael Dauer was an iron mine owner in Blaichach in today's Oberallgäu district , from 1542 factor and iron caster in Heidenheim and from 1557 partner of the Brenztalwerke . The descendant Johann Heinrich Palm (1600–1633), who originally came from Schorndorf, acquired citizenship in the imperial city ​​of Esslingen am Neckar in 1631 .

In the middle of the 17th century, his son Johann Heinrich (1632–1684) entered the service of the Habsburgs and became the Imperial Councilor of His Majesty Leopold I in Esslingen. His son Johann David (1657–1721) initially served in the imperial army administration, and later became imperial court chamber councilor in Vienna. In 1683 he converted from the Protestant to the Catholic faith, while his brothers remained Protestant throughout their life and never let their connection to Esslingen be severed.

In recognition of his services during the Turkish War , Johann David Palm was raised to the Hungarian nobility in 1687. After his marriage to Anna Maria Mondenz (1689), the daughter of a Viennese businessman, he also became an entrepreneur. The Mondenz'sche Handlung quickly developed into one of the leading Austrian private banking houses. After taking over the Mondenz'schen deal, Johann David brought his brothers Johann Heinrich (1660-1710), Jonathan (1671-1740) and Franz (1676-1742), all of whom had a commercial training and close business connections to the large Augsburg trading houses like the Fugger owned into the Viennese company. The plot expanded greatly into the credit and jewelry business.

In 1705 Johann David reformed the Hungarian, the Transylvanian and the Austrian financial administration together with the President of the Court Chamber, Count Starhemberg , Count Kaunitz and Prince Eugene of Savoy . In 1711 the brothers were raised to the hereditary imperial knighthood. Jonathan and his youngest brother Franz, acquired the manor Mühlhausen am Neckar and enrolled in the Swabian Imperial Knighthood , while Johann David acquired real estate in Lower Austria . Johann David and his brothers finally withdrew step by step from the Palm company and handed over the active management to the sons of Johann Heinrich (1660–1710), namely Johann Heinrich jun. (1687–1744) and Franz Gottlieb (1691–1749). Thanks to their merits, they were raised to the status of baron together with their uncles Jonathan (1671–1740) and Franz (1676–1742) in 1735.

Franz Gottlieb (1691–1749) acquired a number of goods for his family in Swabia, and as financial advisor to Emperor Franz I Stephan, he was able to reconnect with the international credit transactions of the Viennese court. His cousin Carl Joseph (1698-1770), the eldest son Johann David , entered meanwhile in the imperial diplomatic service, in 1725, imperial minister plenipotentiary in England and gained in recognition of his services in 1729 his elevation to the Empire baron . In 1734 Emperor Karl VI appointed him . to the Austrian director's envoy to the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg . After 1740 he played a key role in the War of the Austrian Succession . In 1745 he was appointed principal commissioner at the Reichstag in Regensburg by Emperor Franz I Stephan and five years later he was raised to the rank of imperial count . When Palm was accused of having thwarted the emperor's efforts as a diplomat in the Reichstag to include the Reuss family in the rank of prince, he was relieved of his office in 1754 and had to leave Regensburg. By inheriting from his uncle Franz (1676–1742), however, he came across a huge fortune, which he invested in real estate in Bohemia after 1750. In 1767 the Palm'sche banking company was sold.

Coat of arms of Prince Carl Joseph III. from Palm-Gundelfingen (1773-1851)

His son Carl Joseph (1749–1814) was able to buy the imperial rule Hohengundelfingen including the castle for 68,000 guilders from the family property in 1774 and in 1783 he was raised to the rank of imperial prince , which cost him around 500,000 guilders in taxes. The money raised for this was used for the welfare policy of Emperor Joseph II . The imperial dignity of the Palm was hereditary according to the law of the firstborn; After the imperial rule acquired in 1774, they have also called themselves "Palm-Gundelfingen" since then. However, as early as 1789, high obligations commensurate with the rank and the lavish keeping of the court of the new Princely House led to financial collapse and loss of social esteem.

The 1st prince of Palm left a son named Carl Joseph (1773-1851), who held the office of a Lower Austrian government councilor and succeeded his father in 1814 as 2nd prince of Palm and owner of the property. Despite his four marriages, he died childless, and with him the Palm family.

The great-grandchildren of Jonathan von Palm (1671–1740), who with his brothers had been raised to the rank of imperial knight in 1711 and baronage in 1735, Karl (1784–1834) and Friedrich (1787–1862), founded two baronial lines of the family von Palm, the first of which became extinct in the male line in 1927.

Possessions

For a long time, the center of Palm's activity and ownership was the imperial city ​​of Esslingen am Neckar , which only came under Württemberg sovereignty in 1802 . At that time, the Palm, which had meanwhile risen to become princes, were already predominantly based in Austria, where they owned important properties in Lower Austria and Vienna, among others . After 1750 there was also extensive property ownership in Bohemia. It was located in Blažejovice , Dobronín , Dolní Kralovice , Kejžlice , Opálka , Šetějovice , Snět , Střítež u Jihlavy , Zahrádka and Ždírec na Moravě .

After their elevation to the hereditary imperial knighthood in 1711, the brothers Jonathan (1671–1740) and Franz (1676–1742) acquired the manor Mühlhausen am Neckar and enrolled in the knightly canton of Danube of the Swabian imperial knighthood . Johann David (1657–1721) became the owner of the "Herrschaft und Landfeste Brunn und Steinfeld" in Lower Austria .

In the next generation, Franz Gottlieb von Palm (1691–1749) acquired the Bodelshofen , Ober- and Unterbalzheim and Steinbach estates in Swabia : in June 1740 he bought the Bodelshofen estate and shortly afterwards acquired the Balzheim estate . Four years later, Gut Steinbach was added, where a new castle was built on behalf of the family in the 18th century . In Esslingen he had the Oberer Palm'schen Bau built for his branch of the family , today's New Town Hall . Construction began in 1747 under Franz Gottlieb von Palm and was completed in the 1760s under his successor Leopold Carl von Palm. Franz Gottlieb von Palm had lived in Vienna for a long time and had the residence in Esslingen built on the model of baroque Viennese buildings from the first half of the 18th century. The Esslinger Palais was built on the former market square on land on which four different houses and a wine press had previously stood. After the end of the Palm house, the building became the property of the city of Esslingen and was made into the town hall in 1840.

In Dörzbach , in the Messbach district, next to the rococo church, which was built in 1776 and has a beautiful ceiling painting, is the castle of the Barons von Palm. It is an elongated square building with three floors and four round, coupled towers at the corners of the building. The castle was probably built before 1750, but was not completed by the Lords of Eyb until later.

In 1755 the family in Bohemia acquired the allodial rule of steps and sticks north of Iglau.

Around 1774, Carl Joseph, 1st Prince of Palm (1749–1814) acquired the imperial rule of Hohengundelfingen including the castle and subjects for 68,000 guilders from the family property . In 1805, however, the imperial immediacy was lost and state sovereignty over Hohengundelfingen came to the Crown of Württemberg. In 1812 Palm sold his property in Gundelfingen to the Baron von Gumppenberg-Pöttmös.

In Vienna , the Princes von Palm owned a representative baroque palace , which at the time was known as Prince Palm'sches Haus . It served as accommodation for diplomatic delegations during the Congress of Vienna . As part of the demolition of the towers about 1857 it was demolished. In its place, a stately apartment building was built in 1876 by Prince Liechtenstein 's construction office. Today the building is the part of a house ensemble with the address Schenkenstrasse 7 and Löwelstrasse 12, which closes off the Burgtheater .

Carl Joseph, 2nd Prince of Palm (1773-1851), also owned properties in Fünfhaus and Gumpendorf in Vienna . Palmgasse in the 15th district of Vienna still reminds of him today .

On the Mühlhausen manor, which has been family-owned since the 18th century , Jonathan Freiherr von Palm had the new Palm'sche Schloss built in the classicist style on the foundations of the old castle that had been demolished . In the course of time it was rebuilt several times, added extensions around 1895 and has been a listed building since 1971 . The city of Stuttgart acquired it in 1933, and today it serves as the district town hall of the Mühlhausen district. Some components of the old Palm'schen Castle are kept in the Stuttgart City Lapidarium .

In 1954 the community of Balzheim inherited from the resident Dr. Imre Karl Michael Julius Freiherrn von Palm (1884–1949) a sum of 1.4 million DM. In 1953 a comparison was made between the von Palm family and the community of Oberbalzheim, and in 1972 the “Oberbalzheim Foundation - Imre Freiherr von Palm” was established 'Sche Foundation' and ensures that the income from the foundation benefits the local population and is not used for the legal tasks of the municipality.

coat of arms

The talking coat of arms of the von Palm family, known as early as the 16th century, shows a palm tree .

The heart shield in the princely coat of arms underscores the genealogical legend of the 18th century of its origins in Switzerland: the lion, representing the Habsburg lion, is said to have been awarded by King Rudolf the palm as a token of his grace. In fact, it is the coat of arms of the Barons von Balm , who were Habsburg followers in the 13th century.

Heraldic representations

  • Coat of arms in the baron letter

  • Coat of arms of the Barons of Palm

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Palm

  • Coat of arms of the Princes of Palm

Genealogy (extract)

Johann Heinrich Palm (* 1600 in Schorndorf; † 1633 in Esslingen), registrar at the St. Katharinen Hospital in Esslingen ⚭ Margarethe Kleiner (*? In Esslingen; †? In Esslingen), and had from this marriage:

  1. Johann Heinrich Palm (* 1632; † 1684 in Esslingen), imperial councilor ⚭ Anna Katherina Mauchart (* 1638; † 1702 in Esslingen), daughter of David Mauchart, mayor of Esslingen, and had from this marriage:
    1. Johann David von Palm (* April 22, 1657 in Esslingen; † February 16, 1721 in Vienna), ennobled 1687, Imperial Knight since 1711 ⚭ (I) Vienna 1686 Maria Magdalena von Ensbaum (* 1661; † 1686), ⚭ (II) Vienna 1689 Anna Maria Mondenz (* 1673; † 1714), daughter of Isaak Mondenz, merchant and court jeweler in Vienna, and from this marriage had 2 sons and 3 daughters, including:
      1. Carl Joseph I von Palm (* 1698; † 1770), imperial baron since 1729, imperial count since 1750 ⚭ (I) NN (*?; †?), (II) Maria Theresia von Plettenberg (*?; †?), And had from this marriage:
        1. Carl Joseph II, 1st Prince of Palm (* 1749; † August 22, 1814), since 1783 Imperial Prince ⚭ 1772 Marie Josephe Freiin von Gumppenberg , Star Cross Order Lady (* 1753; †?), Daughter of the Hereditary Marshal of Bavaria, the Baron of Gumppenberg on Pöttmes, and had from this marriage:
          1. Carl Joseph III Alois Adam Franz , 2nd Prince of Palm (* June 28, 1773; † 1851) ⚭ (I) Franziska Solignac-Peschiera Maria Carolina Cajetana Octavia Vinzentia Eva von Gudenus , ⚭ (II) Therese Sabine Lederer zu Hradek, ⚭ (III) Mathilde von Wildburg zu Ottenschlag , ⚭ (IV) Eleonore Leopoldina Maria Anna Countess of Abensperg and Traun
          2. Joseph Graf Palm (*? - † October 23, 1823)
      2. Leopold Gottlieb Palm (*?; †?)
    2. Johann Heinrich Palm (* 1660; † 1710) ⚭ NN (*?; †?), And had from this marriage:
      1. Johann Heinrich von Palm (* 1687; † 1744), Imperial Baron since 1735 ⚭ NN (*?; †?), And had from this marriage:
        1. Eberhard Heinrich von Palm
        2. Christian Heinrich von Palm
      2. Franz Gottlieb von Palm (* 1691; † 1749), imperial baron since 1735 ⚭ Elisabeth Renata von Mayer
      3. Leopold Carl von Palm (*?; †?), Imperial Baron since 1735 ⚭ Wilhelmine von Weissenbach
    3. Jonathan von Palm (* 1671; † 1740), Imperial Knight since 1711, Imperial Baron ⚭ NN (*?; †?) Since 1735, and had descendants who later established two baronial lines of Palm.
    4. Franz von Palm (* 1676; † 1742), Imperial Knight since 1711, Imperial Baron since 1735

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Genealogical-Historical-Statistical Almanach (1835), pp. 557–559
  2. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon Volume X, Volume 119 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1999, p. 142
  3. ↑ a b Cast iron epitaph (1580) of the married couple Wilhelm Palm (1545–1580) and Susanna née Dau (e) r (1544–1576) and renovation inscription from 1718 in the Dr. Palmschen Apotheke in Schorndorf ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on January 24, 2015) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.palm-apotheke.de
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Gert Kollmer-von Oheimb-Loup :  Palm, von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 19 f. ( Digitized version ).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Planet Vienna: Palais Palm
  6. ^ A b c Eberhardt, Paul: From Alt-Esslingen, Bechtle Verlag Esslingen, 1924; Pp. 185-191.
  7. ^ Eberhardt, Paul: From Alt-Esslingen, Bechtle Verlag Esslingen, 1924, p. 185
  8. ↑ a b Eßlinger Zeitung: The richest village in the country from December 18, 2010, accessed on December 9, 2012
  9. ^ A b c Gert Kollmer-von Oheimb-Loup:  Palm, Johann David von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 20 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Johann Heinrich Palm and his descendants
  11. ↑ state and Address Manual of Swabian Reich Kraises (1799), p 275
  12. ^ Genealogisches Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch (1805), p. 460
  13. ^ Christian Friedrich Jacobi and Gottlob Friedrich Krebel, European genealogical manual (1786), p. 417 f.