Parish Church of St. Oswald in Freiland

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The Church in June 2007
Interior of the church

The church Sankt Oswald in Freiland is the Roman Catholic parish church in the area of ​​the former municipality of Kloster in the municipality of Deutschlandsberg in Styria . Its history goes back to the first half of the 15th century. The area of ​​the parish consists of the cadastral communities of Klosterwinkel and Rettenbach and part of the KG Sallegg (area of Dorfstatt ) from the former community of Bad Gams.

Location

The church stands on the eastern ridge of the Schwarzkogel (Wolfsriegel) in the community of Deutschlandsberg in the village of Sankt Oswald in Freiland , cadastral community of Klosterwinkel .

The location of the parish area meant that a number of farms from Osterwitz , Osterwitz-Winkel district (including Pöschl, Kleinreinisch, Stoff and Stefflpeterkeusche / Pust) had shorter and better routes to the church in St. Oswald than to their own parish church. The same applied to a number of farms in the valley of the torrent in the cadastral municipality of Sallegg of the former municipality of Bad Gams . Those who died from these farms were buried in the open land of St. Oswald's cemetery.

description

Church building

The Mariengrotto on the southern outer wall

The steeple is presented to the west facade of the church. He has an eight-sided pointed helmet . Remains of a painted pilaster structure can be found on the outside facade of the church .

The elongated church interior has five bays . The choir has a three-eighth closing. It is spanned by a cross vault resting on pillars . The three-axis west gallery in the nave rests on mighty pillars.

The high altar dates from the third quarter of the 17th century and was designed in the cartilage style. On the left of the main altar is a figure of St. Leonhard (with a chain), on the right a figure of St. James (with a pilgrim's staff). These two saints are the patrons of the parent parish of St. Jakob in Freiland and indicate that St. Oswald was a subsidiary church of Freiland. In the upper picture of the high altar there is a picture of the second parish patron, St. Martin . The two side altars, the Sacred Heart Altar and the Mary Altar, date from roughly the same time as the main altar. On the Sacred Heart Altar there is a statue of the Sacred Heart and his altarpiece shows St. George fighting the dragon. The upper image of the altar shows St. Blaise , the patron saint of Admont Abbey. There is a statue of St. Mary with child on the Mary's altar . The Holy Trinity is shown on the upper picture . The pulpit and baptismal font were erected around 1790. The organ built by Friedrich Werner dates back to 1879.

On the southern outer wall of the church there is a Marian grotto with a statue of Mary of Lourdes . It was donated by the Freiländeralm farming community , consecrated on September 8, 1896 and renovated in 2006. At the memorial for those who died in the two world wars next to this chapel, those who died later in the war are recorded.

The ciborium of St. Oswald in Freiland

Ciborium of St. Oswald

In the sacristy of the parish church of St. Oswald there was a late Gothic dining cup ( ciborium ) made of silver with a gilded insert until around 1980 . Since the pastor's position was no longer occupied, it has been kept in the Graz Diocesan Museum.

The ciborium is 43.2 cm high and has a canopy made of tracery on the lid with pegs , crabs , eyelashes and a donkey back arch , which encloses a statue of Christ as the Man of Sorrows . The time of origin is given as the end of the 15th century, or the period from 1480 to 1520, the shape is traced back to the rebuilding of the drinking cup of an Admont prelate . The finial on the turret was added later in 1877. The fact that this cup did not fall victim to the silver delivery during the Turkish wars is attributed to the remote location of the parish. In the subsequent silver withdrawals in 1806 and 1810, the ciborium was saved from being melted down by imposing its value, as evidenced by repunches and tax stamps.

Surname

The official spelling is “St. Oswald in Freiland “(consciously  in , not  in ). In everyday life, the variant “St. Oswald im Freiland ”. The term “Freiland” includes the main meaning “in the free land”, ie the description of the location in a specific area, “in the manorial estate of Freiland (of the Admont Abbey)”, in a specific administrative unit. The name is often “St. Oswald i. Freiland “written. The abbreviation "i." Is usually not due to space problems (especially not with fonts with the same increment , as was common on typewriters in the 20th century), but rather because the subject "m or n" is avoided.

Furthermore, the name “St. Oswald ob Freiland ”. This variant is based on the fact that St. Oswald (as seen from the district capital of Deutschlandsberg and the main parish Freiland) lies above Freiland ( whether for Ober , as with St. Oswald ob Eibiswald). In everyday life, no precise distinction is made between the name variants.

In documents dating from the time of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy , confusion with the place St. Oswald an der Drau ( St. Oswald im Drauwalde, Ožbalt , in Slovenia , approx. 30 km southeast) is possible because western Styria and the Drautal were then in the Marburg district : The parish is incorrectly presented in older literature as the locality of the parish of St. Oswald near Mahrenberg.

The words "in the field" are part of the official name of the parish

history

The church was first mentioned in a document in 1434. At that time it was a branch church of the parish St. Jakob in Freiland . In 1532 it was destroyed by a Turkish invasion and replaced by a new building, which was consecrated on October 25, 1534 by Philipp Renner as coadjutor of Lavant Bishop Leonhard Peurl . Church patrons at that time were the saints Oswald and Martin, there were two altars in the church: The high altar was consecrated to the two church patrons. As relics of this altar are Konsekrationsprotokoll those of Blasius St. And other saints whose names were unknown at that time, stated. The second altar to the right (seen from the entrance) was consecrated to Saints John and Paul, to whom a church was consecrated near Graz that belonged to the Admont Abbey. As relics, besides those of these saints, those of St. Eventius (martyr in the retinue of St. Alexander ), St. Theodore (a former patron saint of Venice ) and other unknown saints are given. About 200 people were confirmed on the same day .

The tower that exists today was built in 1642. After a renovation, the church was consecrated again in 1735, the altar consecration took place on October 26, 1735 by the Bishop of Lavant , Joseph I. Oswald Graf von Attems , to whose bishopric the parish belonged at that time. A restoration took place in 1963.

The church is a listed building.

Patronage

Parish patron and namesake of the place is St. Oswald , an English king from the 7th century. He is represented with a raven with a ring in its beak. The legend reports that the anointing oil is said to have been missing for his coronation . A raven is said to have brought the oil with a letter: Peter sent it and consecrated it himself. A second raven brought a ring. This raven is said to have exchanged letters and rings with Oswald's future wife, a king's daughter. The motif of the two ravens comes from Germanic mythology : the two ravens Hugin and Munin (thought and memory) were considered companions of Odin (Wotan).

Dioceses in present-day Austria around 1250: Location of the municipality of Kloster or the parish of St. Oswald, the provost of St. Martin-Straßgang and the Admont Abbey

St. Oswald applies u. A. as the patron saint of cattle, reapers and helpers against the plague. His veneration is associated with the “Schottenmission”, a wave of missions by Irish monks in southern Germany in the 12th and 13th centuries. Ireland was called "Scotia Major" in Latin. That is why the Irish monks were also called "Scots". St. Oswald in Freiland is one of the twelve Oswald patronages in Styria that can be traced back to this mission. In an older publication, doubts were expressed about this derivation because the churches that are consecrated to St. Oswald only date from the late Middle Ages, when there would no longer have been any mission from the Irish region to Central Europe. The derivation of the patronage from a carantan choir bishop "Osbald" is also rejected there. However, the patronage does not necessarily have to be related to the building age of the respective church; changes in the patronage are also possible (see only the neighboring parish of St. Jakob in Freiland, which was previously consecrated to St. Leonhard).

The name Oswald is a combination of “ Odin ” and “walten” (rule), which is derived from Old High German , which is translated in a general sense as “ God rules”.

Feast day of St. Oswald is August 5th. On this day (if Sunday) or on the following Sunday, the Oswaldi parish festival is celebrated with a procession and solemn mass. The day is a "non- mandatory day of remembrance " in the diocese of Graz-Seckau (according to the Roman Catholic creed, if a working day, no compulsory attendance at church services, no public holiday).

The legend about the patron saint of the parish influenced the design of the municipal coat of arms of the municipality of Kloster: there, too, the raven with the ring is represented in an optically dominant position.

Before founding

The area of ​​the parish of St. Oswald in Freiland originally belonged to the parish of St. Florian . From 1188 it was part of the foundations of the parish St. Leonhard in Freiland (today St. Jakob). The relevant document was on March 30, 1188 by the Archbishop of Salzburg Adalbert III. displayed. In 1203 the parish was incorporated into the Admont Benedictine monastery . The veneration of St. Leonhard was widespread in Bavaria since the 11th century and is associated with the settlement of the area by German-speaking settlers (Bavarian colonization).

From 1244 at the latest, this parish and thus also the parish district of the later St. Oswald was combined with the other possessions of the Archdiocese of Salzburg in the Koralm area in the Diocese of Lavant . The rights of the Admont Abbey were retained.

The certificates leave questions unanswered. There are indications that the "neighboring parish", from which Freiland (and thus also the monastery) were separated at that time, could not have been the parish of St. Florian , but the parish of Osterwitz .

Connection with the Admont Abbey

According to a document dated January 6, 1203, the place and parish of St. Oswald belonged to the territory of the Admont Abbey .

The tasks of Admont in spiritual and temporal matters (parish ministry and manorial) were the provost of St. Martin in Graz- Straßgang perceived, partly from 1074, completely was owned by Admont from the 1144th The two areas of responsibility only separated in the middle of the 19th century with the liberation of the peasants .

  • St. Oswald in the records of the Graz-Seckau diocese

  • Announcement of the parish elevation in 1893

  • 1817: St. Oswald as a locality from Freiland

  • 1889: also still a locality

  • 1893 (editorial deadline autumn 1892): first referred to as a parish

Church building

Around 1400 the church of St. Oswald in "Clösterle" was founded. In 1410 and 1434 a "Erhard zu Sannd Oswald" is named.

During the time of the Reformation and the Turkish Wars, the main parish church in Freiland changed its patronage , which also affected the altar decorations in St. Oswald: Between 1452 and 1529, St. Jacob became the patron of the church. St. Leonhard was last mentioned in church accounts in 1649. The change of patronage is associated with the threat posed by the Turks: St. Jacob was the patron saint of the Christian armies of the Reconquista against the Muslim-Arab rulers in Spain. In 1492 the last of these rulers in Andalusia, the Sultan of Granada Muhammad XII. , capitulated to the Christian armies.

In the late 15th century, an extensive pilgrimage to the St. James shrine in Santiago de Compostela began . The Catholic saint, who was apparently successfully invoked in the fight against the Muslim rulers in Spain, was also asked for support in Austria in the fight against the Muslim Turks and was venerated through pilgrimages, patronage etc.

Parish area

The boundaries of the parish area also enclose the area of ​​Dorfstatt

The parish area originally belonged to the diocese of Lavant , since 1786 it has belonged to the diocese of Graz-Seckau . According to art history literature, the parish of St. Oswald in Freiland is said to have been established as early as 1786 in the course of the reorganization of parishes and dioceses by Emperor Joseph II ( Josefin parish regulation ). That is not the case, at that time St. Oswald was a branch church (localie) of St. Jakob in Freiland , but already had almost all the rights of a parish. In fact, St. Oswald became a parish (and his pastors were elevated to parish vicars) on November 9, 1892 under Prince-Bishop Johann Baptist Zwerger . This is confirmed by the personnel registers of the diocese of Seckau (see the copies from the personnel registers). The list of pastors of St. Oswald, named because of their legal status, begins in the literature as early as 1788. The first priest named there was Father Leander Plochl from 1788–1796. These designations indicate that the function of St. Oswald as a locality (branch church) was introduced with the Josephine parish regulation.

The area of ​​several farms in the western part of the Wildbach Valley in the cadastral parish Sallegg of the former municipality of Bad Gams belong to the parish of St. Oswald and not to the parish of Gams. In 1850, St. Oswald is named in official documents together with Gams as a pastor. This was also the case in the municipality register of Styria in 1868.

Regarding the ambiguities about the pastor's function in this parish, see below the section Parish Vicars . The parish belonged to the dean's office in Deutschlandsberg until the end of August 2018 , and since this dean's office was closed, it has been located in the pastoral care area of ​​Southwest Styria. It is united with the parishes of Deutschlandsberg, Osterwitz, St. Jakob (Freiland) and Frauental in a parish association.

  • In 1850, St. Oswald is also the parish of a part of Gams

  • In 1850, St. Oswald was four (walking) hours from the district administration and three hours from the district court.

  • In 1850, St. Oswald was the second parish in what was then Gams

The rights to fill the post of priest and other ecclesiastical responsibilities such as B. for the donation of confirmation were until 1981 at the Admont Abbey. This monastery thus also had an economic influence on the properties and buildings belonging to the parish. The parish of St. Oswald and its rights were transferred to the diocese of Graz-Seckau in 1981 together with the parish of St. Jakob in Freiland , which jointly made a compensation payment of around 100,000 euros to the monastery for both parishes.

The feast of the consecration of the church in St. Oswald is celebrated on the third Sunday in October due to the consecration day on October 25, 1534 (new building after the Turkish destruction) and October 28, 1735 (consecration of the renovation).

Parish vicars

Under canon law, the leading priests of the parish of St. Oswald were parish vicars , i.e. deputies of a pastor , until 1981 , because the parish was incorporated into the Admont Abbey and thus the Abbey itself was considered a “pastor”. Legally, these priests had all the rights and duties of a real pastor. The basis for this was last Canon 471 of the Codex Iuris Canonici (CIC) from 1917. Before the elevation to the parish, the priests working in St. Oswald were also vicars (local vicars, local curates), but of the pastor of St. Jakob in Freiland. One source of ambiguity in this context is that priests who had to look after a branch church (locality) could have a legal status under canon law that was comparable to that of an actual pastor, although they were only vicars (local vicar, local curate). With the parish survey, (only) the legal basis for the work of the respective vicar changed, but not his basic function title "(parish) vicar" or his scope of authorization.

The parish never had a pastor in the true sense of the word. The formal difference did not affect the reputation or functions of the priests in practice.

This situation has to be taken into account when a priest from St. Oswald is referred to as a parish vicar in documents, etc. This is not a substitute priest or a chaplain , cooperator, etc., but priests who actually and permanently assume the role of pastor exercised. This activity took place as an organ of the Admont Abbey in its role as owner of the pastoral office, not as administrator of an unoccupied pastor's position. From 1893 onwards, the title “parish vicar” or “vicar” is no longer evidence that St. Oswald was a branch church or local church or that it was looked after by another parish. However, the special situation has meant that St. Oswald can be identified in older documents as "Loc." (Localie).

1877/78: St. Oswald as "Localie" (bottom left, record sheet of the 3rd regional record )

The legal basis for this existed until November 27, 1983 (first Sunday in Advent 1983, when the new Codex Iuris Canonici, CIC) came into force. Since then, Can. 520 of the CIC 1983 a legal person not be a pastor. A parish can still be transferred to a religious institute, but with the proviso that one of the priests is actually a pastor (and not just a vicar). Parish vicars can be assigned to this pastor if it is necessary or appropriate (Can. 545 § 1 CIC 1983) for the proper pastoral care of a parish.

This legal change in canon law, which was foreseeable in the years after 1980, was one of the reasons why the Admont Abbey withdrew from the care of the parish: The office of a pastor is connected with the obligation to actually live at the official seat ( residence obligation according to Can. 533 CIC 1983 , in the rectory next to the church). This obligation would have been difficult for religious priests from Admont to fulfill without impairing contact with the monastery.

The distance from the parent monastery and the shortage of priests had previously meant that the parish was no longer looked after by fathers from Admont Abbey, but by world priests appointed for this purpose . The last religious priest was Father Adalbert Hajdu until 1945. He was followed by Franz Spanring (1945–46), Eugen Breaban (1946–48), then again at short notice by Franz Spanring.

The last priests of St. Oswald

Johann Ev (angelist) Starchl, b. December 29, 1897, was the last priest of St. Oswald in Freiland. He actually lived in the rectory next to the church. "Pastor Starchl" died in 1979. He had headed the parish from 1948 to 1973, and in 1954/55 also the parish of St. Jakob in Freiland .

His tasks were then carried out by the pastor of Freiland, Johann Gruber. This was nicknamed "Koralmpfarrer" because he also looked after the parish Osterwitz and thus the three parishes on the upper reaches of the Laßnitz. After his death on April 7, 1991, all three parishes remained vacant and were included in the Deutschlandsberg parish association . This means that the respective pastor of Deutschlandsberg is also a pastor in St. Oswald. This procedure is based on Can. 374 § 2 of the Codex Iuris Canonici (CIC).

Both priests are buried in the cemetery chapel in Ligist .

literature

  • Federal Monuments Office (ed.): Dehio Steiermark (excluding Graz) . 2nd Edition. Berger, Horn / Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85028-439-5 , p. 473 .
  • Publicly accessible information folder in the tower room of the parish church. Accessed August 22, 2010.

photos

  • Church and village of St. Oswald in field of Osterwitz from

  • Parish church with church linden tree and parish farm building

  • Church from the south

  • St. Oswald on the Wolfsriegel, on the right the summit of the Schwarzkogel

  • The buildings of the parish and the area around the parish church before 1891 (cadastre, original folder)

  • The last priests of the parish are buried in Ligist.

Web links

Commons : Parish Church Sankt Oswald in Freiland  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerhard Fischer: Osterwitz. a miraculous place in the high pürg. Life, joy and suffering of an area and its inhabitants. Osterwitz 2002. Editor and publisher: Osterwitz community. No ISBN. Page 39.
  2. ↑ a b Federal Monuments Office (ed.): Dehio Steiermark (excluding Graz) . 2nd Edition. Berger, Horn / Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-85028-439-5 , p. 473 .
  3. ^ A b c Kurt Woisetschläger, Peter Krenn: Dehio Handbook - The art monuments of Austria: Styria (excluding Graz). Topographical inventory of monuments, ed. from the Federal Monuments Office, Department for Monument Research. Publisher Anton Schroll. Vienna 1982. ISBN 3-7031-0532-1 . Page 473.
  4. ↑ a b c d e information folder in the tower room of the parish church.
  5. ↑ Maximilian Riederer, Gunther Riedlsperger, Johann Tomaschek: Freiländer Ortschronik . Self-published by the community of Freiland near Deutschlandsberg, 1988. No ISBN. Page 227.
  6. ↑ a b c Heimo Kaindl: Diözesanmuseum Graz. Selection catalog. Graz 1994. No ISBN. Pages 60–61 (with picture).
  7. ↑ a b Wilhelm Pannold: Goldsmith's art from Styrian parishes. Catalog for the exhibition from April 29 to September 30, 1981 in the Graz Diocesan Museum. Page 32, in part no.7.
  8. ↑ Heimo Kaindl: Eins + 385. Church art to be amazed. A handbook of church art treasures. Exhibition catalog Graz 2008. ISBN 978-3-901810-21-3 . Pages 71–72 (illustration no.116).
  9. ^ Adolf Bischofberger: Mountain pilgrimage 1925, quoted from: Gunther Riedlsperger: A "mountain pilgrimage": Deutschlandsberg-Freiland-Kloster-Osterwitz, 3rd part. In: Weekly newspaper “Weststeirische Rundschau” from July 20, 1996. No. 29. Page 14.
  10. ^ Franz Raffelsperger (Ed.): General geographical lexicon of the Austrian imperial state. In an alphabetical order. According to all sources and the best patriotic relief organizations, from a society of geographers, postmen. Vienna 1847. In the main publishing house of the kkap typo-geographical art establishment Leopoldstadt Institute building no. 237. page 588. Raffelsperger, gen. Geogr. Lexicon 1847 in the Google book search. Already before with Carl Schmutz: Steyermärkisches Lexicon - Historisch-topographisches Lexicon von Steyermark. Printed by Andreas Kienreich Gratz in 1822. Third part N – Se, page 87 Schmutz, hist.-topogr. Lexicon 1822 in the Google book search.
  11. ^ Oskar Veselsky: The consecration reports from the ordination and consecration protocols of the bishops of Lavant in the 16th century. In: Sources for the historical regional studies of Styria, published by the Historical Commission for Styria - HLK, XI. Tape. Graz 1997. Self-published by HLK. No ISBN. Pages 18, 24, 81.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g h District topography : Helmut-Theobald Müller (ed.), Gernot Peter Obersteiner (overall scientific management): History and topography of the Deutschlandsberg district. Styrian Provincial Archives and District Authority Deutschlandsberg. Graz-Deutschlandsberg 2005. In the series: Great historical regional studies of Styria. Founded by Fritz Posch †. Volume 3. ISBN 3-901938-15-X . Second part of volume, district lexicon. Page 172.
  13. ↑ Modriach Hoiswirt to Osterwitz. (No longer available online.) Www.jakobswerg-steiermark.at, archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; Retrieved November 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / jakobsweg-steiermark.at
  14. ↑ Cultural property protection map 1: 50,000. Sheet 198 Deutschlandsberg. According to the Hague Convention of May 14, 1954, Federal Law Gazette No. 58/1964, edited by the Documentation Center and Convention Office of the Federal Monuments Office, Vienna 1977.
    Ordinance of the Federal Monuments Office of February 20, 2001, with the 117 immovable monuments of the political district of Deutschlandsberg, Styria, the are subject to the presumption of monument protection under the provisions of § 2a Monument Protection Act: Official Gazette for the Wiener Zeitung No. 055 of March 19, 2001, page 25. Ordinance sheet for the service area of ​​the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, No. 64 / 2001, page 144. Vienna 2001. ISSN  1023-6937 .
  15. ↑ Heiligenlexikon: St. Oswald (queried September 15, 2010).
  16. ^ Kurt Woisetschläger, Peter Krenn: Dehio manual. Page 659, List of Patronages.
  17. ^ Ernst Tomek: History of the Diocese of Graz-Seckau, Volume I: History of the Church in today's diocesan area before the establishment of the diocese . Graz and Vienna 1917, Styria publishing house. Pp. 177-178.
  18. ↑ Oswald website ( Memento of the original from January 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (queried September 15, 2010). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eiblmeier-marktl.de
  19. ^ Johann Tomaschek: The beginnings of the settlement and the parish. and: The parish of Freiland through the ages. In: Maximilian Riederer u. a .: Freiländer Ortschronik. Pages 21–45 and 69–87.
  20. ^ Gerhard Fischer: Osterwitz . Pages 177-178 and
    district topography. First volume: Gerhard Fischer. Parish and Church Development. Page 223.
  21. ^ Horst Schweigert: The art monuments of Austria. Dehio manual. Graz. Published by the Institute for Austrian Art Research of the Federal Monuments Office. Verlag Anton Schroll Co. Vienna 1979. ISBN 3-7031-0475-9 . Pages 254-259.
  22. ^ District topography . First volume: Gerhard Fischer. Parish and Church Development. Page 228.
  23. ^ Johann Tomaschek: The beginnings of the settlement and the parish. and: The parish of Freiland through the ages. In: Maximilian Riederer u. a .: Freiländer Ortschronik . Pages 85-86.
  24. ↑ Parish boundaries on the website of the Diocese of Graz-Seckau (accessed August 31, 2018).
  25. ↑ announced 1893: Ecclesiastical ordinance sheet for the Seckau diocese No. 6/1893 (Part II, p. 10.)
  26. ^ Supplement Graz , Law Gazette for the Duchy of Styria, born in 1850 (municipality structure).
  27. ^ Political division of the Duchy of Styria , announcement of the Imperial and Royal Governor of Styria of October 31, 1868, with which the detailed overview of the division of the Duchy of Styria is brought to the knowledge of the political and judicial organization of the Duchy of Styria, Provincial Law and Ordinance Gazette of the Duchy of Styria of April 21, 1869, XX. Piece, No. 36, p. 59 and appendix.
  28. ↑ Gerhard Fischer: The Catholic Church in Styria is breaking new ground. Merger of the dean's offices in Deutschlandsberg and Leibnitz to form the South-West Styria region. Weekly newspaper Weststeirische Rundschau from August 31, 2018. Volume 91, No. 35, p. 2.
  29. ↑ At that time approx. 1.5 million schillings: weekly newspaper “Weststeirische Rundschau” from July 13, 1996. Volume 69, No. 28, page 16.
  30. ↑ a b Heribert Heinemann : § 34. The pastor . In: Joseph Listl, Hubert Müller , Heribert Schmitz : Outline of post-conciliar church law. Verlag Friedrich Pustet , Regensburg 1980. ISBN 3-7917-0609-8 , page 320: Parish vicar with necessary parish rights, permanent deputy, can. 471 of the Codex Iuris Canonici 1917.
  31. ^ Hugo Schwendenwein: The new canon law. Overall presentation. Publishing house Styria. Graz-Vienna-Cologne 1983. ISBN 3-222-11442-0 . Pages 243-245.
  32. ^ Obituary in "Weststeirische Rundschau", April 20, 1991, page 9.

Coordinates: 46 ° 53 ′ 21 ″  N , 15 ° 6 ′ 1.9 ″  E