Sporthotel Pontresina

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Sporthotel Pontresina
Hotel Pontresina at the turn of the century

The Sporthotel Pontresina is a three-star superior hotel on the Dorfstrasse Via Maistra 145 in Pontresina in the Upper Engadine . Its offer of 140 beds in 82 rooms is aimed primarily at hikers and mountain bikers in summer and cross-country skiers , skiers and snowboarders in winter . For the guests are appropriate infrastructure such as ski or bike room , dryer for ski and hiking shoes and a bike workshop available. A wellness area complements the offer.

The history of the hotel begins in the 1870s, when tourism in Pontresina flourished due to the rise of alpinism . The hotel's founder, Florian Stoppany, from a family of confectioners , acquired the Maison Stiffler guesthouse in 1879 and had it expanded by the architect Jakob Ragaz into the Hotel Pontresina & Post , which opened in 1881 . The rise from the simple guesthouse to the first-rate house found its architectural expression in 1895 in the second extension to the hotel palace that still characterizes the village today. The majority of its customers, now called Hotel Pontresina, came from the German upper middle class, including guests of Jewish origin. For the winter season 1906/1907 the hotel was opened for the first time in winter after central heating was installed.

In 1910 a public limited company took over the hotel from the Stoppany family. However, she continued to have a significant stake in the company. The First World War ushered in a long period of decline. Political and economic upheavals such as the two world wars, the global economic crisis or sharp fluctuations in the exchange rate often caused the guests to stay away for a short time. Loans from the Bündner Kreditgenossenschaft and later from the Schweizerische Hotel-Treuhand-Gesellschaft were unable to save the house and it came into the possession of the Graubündner Kantonalbank . In 1936 it was given its current name Sporthotel Pontresina.

In the mid-1960s, the bank began the first major renovation work after over fifty years, which continued after the hotel became the property of the municipality of Pontresina in 1972. The renewed rooms, now largely with individual bathrooms, the modernized lounges and the renewed infrastructure enabled the hotel to be restarted in its current form. The last change of ownership took place in 2010 with the sale of the hotel by the municipality of Pontresina to Sporthotel Pontresina AG, which is owned by the Pampel family.

The rise of tourism in the Engadine and Pontresina

Around 1850 Pontresina had 270 inhabitants. They lived from agriculture and from traffic through the Bernina Pass . The expansion of the Graubünden Alpine passes Julier , Maloja and Albula from Säumerwege to routes from the 1820s onwards led to better transport connections between the Engadine and the outside world. The stagecoach service of the Federal Post Office , founded in 1848 , used the new traffic routes regularly.

This expansion was associated with an upswing in tourism. For the time being, Tarasp and St. Moritz benefited from this development with their baths. From 1860 , the first hotel buildings in the Engadine were built with the Kurhaus in Tarasp-Vulpera and the Kurhaus & Hôtel des Bains in St. Moritz Bad, today's Hotel Kempinski.

If the first spa guests made their trip mostly for health reasons, the leisure travelers soon followed. Since the middle of the 19th century, alpinism has developed into a new leisure activity. The first mountaineers, including many Englishmen, preferred Pontresina to St. Moritz as the starting point for their climbing tours in the Bernina region . In 1858 Ernst Lechner's Piz Languard and the Bernina Group appeared at Pontresina . In this early travel guide by the pastor of St. Moritz and Samedan , the description of the hiking and mountain tours around Pontresina takes up a lot of space. The Beautification Association, founded in 1872, created a network of hiking and riding trails over 80 kilometers in length up until the 1890s. The paths had illustrious names such as Schluchtenpromenade , Thaispromenade or Flazpromenade and cost a total of 35,161.35 francs.

The strangers found accommodation in simple inns such as the Wirtschaft zur Krone, from which today's Grand Hotel Kronenhof emerged , in guest houses and often with private individuals. From 1870, the continuing demand led to a building boom for hotels. Until 1890, the hotel buildings that still characterize the village were built along the main street Via Maistra.

  • View of Pontresina around 1855 - Illustration from Ernst Lechner's Piz Languard and the Bernina Group near Pontresina

  • The Alpine passes into the Engadine: Julier Pass (blue), Albula Pass (yellow), Malojapass (red) and Bernina Pass (purple).

The builder and hotelier

Florian Stoppany with his wife Betty and their children

The hotel's founder, Florian Stoppany, came from the confectioner family Stupan or Stuppaun from Pontresina. The wealth acquired abroad enabled the family to build the Chesa Stuppaun in 1740 on the main street of Pontresina, today's Chesa Campell. His father Giachem Bunom Stoppany (1800–1867) ran the Café Stehely in Berlin as a partner of Johann Stehely from Silvaplana . He also owned shares in Café Josty near the Berlin Palace through his wife Carolina Josty (1805–1876), whom he married in 1833 . In 1862/63 his parents returned to Pontresina, while their only son Florian, following the tradition of the Engadin confectioners, worked in companies run by Graubünden families in various European cities after finishing school. At the beginning of the 1870s he returned to Pontresina to use his business knowledge in the emerging tourism.

Family relationships helped him. The Zambail and Stoppany families were related by marriage several times. His cousin Florian Zambail , who was more than twenty years his senior , made him co-owner and long-term director of his Hotel Roseg in Pontresina, which was founded in 1870 . Zambail himself owned another hotel, the Hôtel des Îles Britanniques in Nice , in which he mainly stayed during the winter months, at that time the main season on the Côte d'Azur .

The family of his wife Betty Stiffler, whom he married in 1871, was also involved in tourism. His brother-in-law Caspar Stiffler ran the Hotel Steinbock in Pontresina and Betty and her sister Christina, the Stiffler sisters, ran the Maison Stiffler , a restaurant and guesthouse with 25 guest beds.

His inheritance, which fell to Florian Stoppany when his mother died in 1876, provided him with enough capital to run his own business. The opportunity arose when his brother-in-law Caspar Stiffler died unexpectedly on December 17, 1878, at the age of only 35. Caspar Stiffler's sons were too young to take over the business and so Florian Stoppany acquired Maison Stiffler, the original building of the Hotel Pontresina, before March 1879.

  • The Chesa Stuppaun, today Chesa Campell

  • Advertisement for Maison Stiffler 1876

  • Advertisement for the Hotel Roseg 1876

location

Location of the Hotel Pontresina & Post (blue) on the Berninapass-Strasse (green), between the lower village Laret and the upper village St. Spiert. The parcels belonging to the hotel are colored yellow, those of the later extension are colored orange

In 1894, the architect Hermann von der Hude wrote in the Handbuch der Architektur that when building an inn, one should above all be careful to choose the most advantageous location possible for it, because the visit does not depend in the least part on this, and thus the success of the company from. Florian Stoppany was not familiar with these fundamental considerations, but the convenient location of Maison Stiffler on Berninapassstrasse, which connects Pontresina with Poschiavo , corresponded to the architect's considerations. Since its expansion into a road, the pass road has given the direction along which the various districts of Pontresina grew together. Today the traffic on the pass road flows over the bypass of the village built in 1963/64. Today the sports hotel is located in a traffic-calmed 30 km / h zone .

The extensive property in the largely undeveloped area between the lower village Laret and the upper village St. Spiert promised good expansion possibilities. This is in contrast to the Hotels Saratz or the Kronenhof , which were created within the existing, small-scale development in Unterdorf Laret. Their growth was associated with the expensive acquisition of neighboring parcels that were already built on. With the location on the slope, the height difference increased rapidly with the distance from the street, which made the internal organization of the hotel difficult due to the different levels of the old building and the extension.

Another advantage of the largely undeveloped location was the good view of the Roseg Valley and the Roseg Glacier from the hotel and the hotel garden. Since Stoppany's property continued on the opposite side of the street, the view was unobstructed. The lower part of the property was accessed by a road that led over the Punt Ota into Val Roseg and to St. Moritz. There was enough space here for the stables and the wash house, hidden from the view of the guests and yet well developed and close to the hotel. With the opening of the branching of the Albula Railway to Pontresina on July 1, 1908, this road gained significantly in importance as a connection road to the Pontresina train station and received its current name Via da la Staziun - Bahnhofstrasse .

construction

Extension to the Hotel Pontresina & Post 1881

The Hotel Pontresina occupies a special position within the hotel buildings in Pontresina in the 1880s. It is neither a completely new building like the Hotel Roseg nor an extension of a farmhouse like the Hotels Kronenhof or Saratz . When the Maison Stiffler, built in 1866, was expanded into the Hotel Pontresina & Post in 1881, the architects Gebrüder Ragaz integrated the house of photographer Alex Flury, built in 1864. Stoppany set up the second post office in Pontresina on the first floor of this part of the house. This promised guests for both the restaurant and the hotel. The architects standardized the facades and the roof shapes of the existing houses by adding another floor to a total of four floors. With the more traditional name Hotel Post , this building with its simpler rooms was aimed at guests traveling by stagecoach or those with less demanding requirements.

  • The former house of the photographer Flury, the Maison Stiffler and on the far right the ground floor of the new building

  • The construction site from the mountain side with the walls of the dining room already raised

  • The Hotel Pontresina & Post after the expansion in 1881, in the background the Holy Trinity Church, which was built at the same time

  • Arrival of the stagecoaches in front of the Hotel Pontresina & Post

The four-storey extension in simple neo-renaissance forms was crowned by the Hotel Pontresina sign on the flat roof . Due to its significantly higher floor height, it clearly towered over the old building. The dividing elements of the five-axis main facade with bevelled corners are mostly made of wood, sheet metal and cast zinc and have been given a stone-colored paint. Next to the hotel reception, the ground floor accommodated the restaurant, where passers-by or hotel guests could eat à la carte . The kitchen for the restaurant and hotel was located in the rear part of the ground floor. The better guest rooms with their large windows were on the high first and second floors. From the rooms on Dorfstrasse, guests enjoyed the view of Val Roseg and the Roseg Glacier. The corner rooms and two windows through the balconies on the sloping corner of the house were particularly excellent. The lower fourth floor accommodated simpler rooms for guests with less high demands or for staff who traveled with them. After the expansion, the hotel had a total of 66 beds.

On the mountain side above the kitchen on the first floor was the dining room, which spanned two floors. The guests received their meals, a multi-course menu with no options, at the long tables of the table d'hôte at a set time - lunch at 1 p.m. and dinner at 7.30 p.m. The processes required arriving on time, gentlemen who arrive late are served with a running plate . For a service surcharge of CHF 1 for lunch and CHF 2 for dinner, guests could have their meals served individually in the restaurant. The original painting of the ceiling of the dining room is now hidden behind a suspended plaster ceiling. Separated in mezzanine against the hotel, the storerooms hidden for crockery, cutlery and hotel silver with the plates , heat bells , centrepieces and other parts which the civil d'equitable serving guests at the table hôte required. On the fourth floor above the dining room there were other simpler rooms.

  • Trilingual announcement ( Avis ) for meals to guests

  • Hotel Pontresina drinks menu from the 1890s

Individual bathrooms and toilets were not common even in first-rate homes in Europe by the 1880s. The toilet facilities were on each floor next to the stairwell. These facilities were within the normal range. In the Handbuch der Architektur 1885, the architect Hermann von der Hude recommended a bathroom for 40 to 50 beds and a toilet for 10 beds . If a guest requested a bath, a zinc bath was brought to the room and filled with water. For personal hygiene in the rooms, guests used wash bowls and jugs as well as chamber pots . A few copies from Brown-Westhead, Moore & Co and Villeroy & Boch have been preserved in the hotel.

As early as 1891 the social rooms were electrically lit. For a surcharge, electric light was also available in the rooms instead of candles.

Across the street from the hotel was the hotel garden, designed as a terrace , with a view of the Roseg Valley and the Roseg Glacier. Its substructure was a cellar with extensive storage space, which was connected to the hotel's cellars via a tunnel under Dorfstrasse. Two wooden pavilions offered the guests seating and protection from the sun and rain.

The hotel palace from 1895

Postcard of the hotel after the expansion

The economic success allowed Stoppany to expand his hotel in 1895. With the new building, in addition to expanding capacity to 150 rooms with 200 beds, it was also able to meet the guests' demands for facilities and comfort, which had grown since 1880, and to catch up with the competition in Pontresina and St. Moritz.

He again chose Jakob Ragaz as the architect. The extension from 1881 became a side wing, while a new central projectile and a new north wing replaced the oldest components, the former Maison Stiffler and the house of the photographer Flury. The now almost symmetrical complex increased the appearance of the hotel into an imposing hotel palace. When the old components were demolished, the Hotel Post part of the name was also omitted - the first-rate building was now only called Hotel Pontresina . There was no more space for the post office. She moved into her own building, built in 1894/95 at Via Maistra 160, today's Hotel Post .

In keeping with the building of 1881, Ragaz once again chose neo-renaissance forms, in richer forms in line with the changing tastes of the time. All components are connected by the rectangular basement. With its incised ashlar, the central projection differs from the smoothly plastered side wings. The new north wing and the central projection received an additional storey under the greenish mansard roof . The roof end of the central risalite followed the line of the mansard windows, also the curve of the Serliana in the central axis. The parapet bore the logo Pontresina − Hotel − Pontresina (today Sport − Hotel − Sport ) as an advertisement that was visible from afar .

The facades of the new side wing are much more representative. In contrast to the old building, where only the corner rooms on the first and second floors have a balcony, most of the rooms on these floors now have a balcony, not only on the main facade, but also on the north facade. Further decorative elements are spherical niches and medallions with Swiss crosses . The sloping corner of the hotel is emphasized by a multi-storey bay window crowned with a small dome . The new side wing recedes slightly compared to the central projections and the old building from 1881. This created space for a terrace in front of the common rooms. From here, the guests could watch the traffic and hustle and bustle on the Berninapassstrasse directly in front of the hotel as well as gaze into the distance on the Roseg Valley with the glacier and the mountains.

The ground floor after the extension
Room plan of the first floor

While the dining room was sufficient at the beginning of the 1880s, in the following years other public rooms were established in the hotels as places of representation and social encounters. Jakob Ragaz integrated these rooms into the ground floor of the extension building and was able to easily connect them to the new vestibule and the representative staircase made of cast iron in the middle section. The previous staircase became a side staircase, the new north wing received an additional side staircase with an atrium. The increased comfort also included the lift system , which was only widespread in the more upscale hotels after 1900.

The vestibule extended over the entire width of the central building. On the right side of the entrance there was the management office and on the left the writing room , the Salle d'ecriture . Corresponding to the high load, the vestibule was given a floor covering made of floor tiles with an inlaid pattern, so-called “Mettlacher Platten” from Villeroy & Boch , which is now covered by carpet.

The entire ground floor of the left wing was taken up by the vast hall. In the front part against the vestibule was the hotel library with over 300 volumes, stored in a cupboard with glass doors set into the wall. The center of the rear was the fireplace. Numerous armchairs , armchairs and other seating arrangements were grouped around the coffee tables. The walls were covered with fabric, the floor was covered by a herringbone parquet floor in the front and a coffered parquet in the back. The adjoining room, referred to as ping-pong in the floor plan , also served as a billiard room and bridge room over the years .

The restaurant and bar in the old building remained unchanged. The former reception area of ​​the hotel was replaced by a shop, referred to as a bank in the floor plan , which was variously converted. The expansion of the hotel required a larger dining room ( Salle à manger ). The addition of a new economic building to the south of the existing wing increased its area by around half. Two former arched windows of the old dining room connected the two parts of the hall as passages.

The room layout in the new wing was largely identical from the first to the third floor. The rooms were lined up along a central corridor, which divided in the front area of ​​the hotel and enclosed the atrium, a shared bathroom and the side staircase. Individual bathrooms weren't the norm in the 1890s either. The increased demands were defined by the new edition of the Architecture Manual in 1894 with a bathroom for 20 to 30 beds each and a toilet for every 8 beds . As an expression of the increased comfort, the new building received six bathrooms on each floor ( Bain in the floor plan ). These could be allocated to one of the adjoining rooms through several connecting doors or used as a shared bathroom through the door to the hallway.

The best rooms in the central building are characterized by their size, the view of the Roseg Glacier, the possibility of an individual bathroom and the proximity to the main staircase and elevator. Guests in these rooms could also rent a salon , which, like the bathrooms, could be allocated to different rooms through several connecting doors. The rooms themselves could also be connected to larger apartments with additional doors. The rooms on the west side of the north wing offered a little less comfort. At the time of construction, the view from there did not lead to the glacier, but to the lower village Laret with the parish church of San Niculò and in the distance to the Piz Julier . All rooms already had electric light. The electricity was supplied by a generator in the basement.

  • Front part of the hall with the hotel library

  • Back of the hall with the fireplace

  • Ping-pong room, also billiard room and bridge room

  • Corner room with private bathroom and electric lighting, largely in the condition of the original equipment

history

Turn of the century to the First World War - gold rush mood

In 1907, horse buses wait for the guests to arrive at Samedan train station

The hotel's founder Florian Stoppany died on January 25, 1901. His eldest son Johann Stoppany took over the management of the hotel for the heirs, the siblings only transferred their shares in the hotel to him in 1906. However, they also remained active in the hotel / catering trade. The eldest daughter Lina and her husband Christian Kuoni-Stoppany have been running the Grand Hotel Miramar in Santa Margherita Ligure on the Italian Riviera since 1903, and the second oldest son Florian took over the newly opened Pontresina station restaurant in 1908 and ran it until after the First World War. In 1901 the house was connected to the public electricity network. The electrical system, which was only installed in 1891 and is now no longer needed, two petrol motors of 7 HP, two DC machines of 40  amperes and 120  volts , an accumulator battery and a control panel were sold.

The technical progress was also evident in traffic. On July 1, 1903, the Albula Railway opened on the Thusis - Samedan line . This meant that the Upper Engadine could be reached by rail via Chur. The ten-hour stagecoach ride over the Albula or Julier Pass was replaced by a comfortable four-hour train ride. A horse-drawn bus from the hotel was waiting for the guests at the Samedan train station and took them to the hotel. The branching of the Albula Railway to Pontresina only opened on July 1, 1908.

The more efficient and winter-safe connection brought an expansion of tourism. As a result, the tourist facilities were expanded, such as numerous new hotels or the funicular from Punt Muragl to the Muottas Muragl panoramic mountain, which opened in 1907, partly in advance of the opening of the railway line. Existing hotels geared towards summer operation were upgraded for winter operation, as the additional season promised increased occupancy and thus a better return on the capital invested. The Hotel Pontresina was one of these hotels.

In the extension of the Hotel Pontresina in 1891, 15 of the 66 rooms were equipped with wood stoves and could be heated individually. This heating was billed to the guests per box of wood. However, it was only intended to bridge a few colder days; it was not sufficient for regular winter operation. For the winter season 1906/07, the house therefore received central heating, which was expanded again in autumn 1913. New brochures, elaborately illustrated with photographs, which also appeared in English and French editions, were intended to attract additional guests for the winter season and for new activities such as skiing, ski tours, sledging , skijoring , ice skating or horse-drawn sleigh rides.

Another innovation of the winter season were festive dance and costume balls , which the large hotels, including the Hotel Pontresina, organized for their own and foreign hotel guests. In the years before the First World War, the celebrations for the birthday of Kaiser Wilhelm II were aimed at the German guests on January 27th. The "Tango Tea" to which the Hotel Pontresina invited on December 27, 1913, was more of an experiment in the eyes of the reporter.

With the new hotels being built, competition grew and there was a tendency towards overcapacity. While the number of beds in Pontresina was 1200 beds in 1890, there were already 1530 beds in 1900 and 1850 beds in 1910. The Hotel Schweizerhof opened in Pontresina in 1905 and the Hotel Palace (now Hotel Walther ) in 1907 . In 1908, the previously rather modest Hotel Enderlin expanded to become the Schlosshotel Enderlin with its striking tower that can be seen from afar and, as the last hotel building before the First World War in 1914, the Hotel Rosatsch right on the property next to the Hotel Pontresina. With their more modern designs - castle style or Bündner Heimatstil - and their more modern facilities, these new buildings had an advantage over the hotels built and expanded in the 1890s.

During this euphoric phase, Johann Stoppany sold the hotel to the newly founded A.-G. Hotel Pontresina at a price of 1,057,000 francs. In addition, the corporation took over the hotel furniture from the St. Moritz Bank for 200,000 francs, while Johann Stoppany invested 148,000 francs in 296 shares with a nominal value of 500 francs in almost half of the company with a share capital of 300,000 francs. The list of shareholders shows that his siblings and other relatives also participated in the company. In 1911, Hans Beck, an employee, no longer a member of the hotelier family, took over the management of the hotel.

First World War

The high phase ended abruptly with the outbreak of the First World War . The majority of the guests left within a very short time. It quickly became apparent that this crisis was threatening the very existence of the majority of the hotels, as there was no income to pay the running costs, the interest and the repayment of the loans taken out.

In response, the Bündner Kreditgenossenschaft was founded in December 1914 with the aim of maintaining viable businesses and preventing the loss of important assets . The cooperative capital was provided by the affected local communities, banks, the hotel industry itself and its suppliers. It created liquidity for the companies through subordinated mortgage loans. Receivables from the credit union that were later converted into shares show that the Hotel Pontresina also benefited from this facility.

The legislature also acted at the instigation of the hoteliers. On November 2, 1915, the Swiss Federal Council issued an ordinance on the protection of the hotel industry against the consequences of the war . This included, on the one hand, an extensive deferral of interest and capital repayments and protection against forced sale for hotels. On the other hand, it introduced a need clause in Article 27, the so-called hotel construction ban , in which neither new hotels nor guest houses may be built without the approval of the Federal Council , nor may existing buildings serving other purposes be used for commercial accommodation for strangers .

The guest lists of the war years show that the missing foreign guests could only be replaced with Swiss guests with difficulty. In addition, the Swiss preferred the cheaper second and third tier hotels over luxury hotels. The Hotel Pontresina was always closed in winter.

Interwar period

The end of the First World War improved the difficult situation of the hotel industry only slightly for the time being. The Hotel Pontresina was closed again in the winter season 1918/1919. Post-war inflation in Switzerland led to rising costs of living and worsened the cost situation of businesses.

The freedom to travel before the First World War was over. In the 1911 edition, Baedeker's Guide to Switzerland recommended a passport only for the removal of registered mail and for hikes in the French and Italian border districts . Now passports and visas made traveling to Switzerland difficult . The fight against visa and visa fees was an ongoing task of the hotelier interest groups, the Swiss Hotelier Association and the Graubünden Hotelier Association, which was newly founded in 1918.

The Hotel Pontresina, traditionally geared towards German guests, suffered twice from the inflation in Germany at the beginning of the 1920s. On the one hand, foreign currency became unaffordable for a trip to Switzerland, and on the other hand, the depreciation of money impoverished those social classes from which the guests of the Hotel Pontresina came in the prewar period.

On December 18, 1920, the Federal Council renewed the ordinance of 1915 with the ordinance on estate moratorium, the pledge discount procedure for hotel properties and the hotel building ban. In particular, the hotel building ban remained in place. The ban finally found its way into regular legislation with the federal law ratified on October 16, 1924, on the restriction of the establishment and expansion of inns , which came into force on January 1, 1926. The Schweizerische Hotel-Treuhand-Gesellschaft , founded in 1921 with the participation of the federal government, was another institution for supporting the hotel industry. It should promote renovations and modernizations such as contemporary sanitary installations with cheap loans.

From 1924, the number of guests began to recover, from which the Hotel Pontresina also benefited. The renewal of the common rooms, which is documented in the hotel brochures, is related to this upswing. The guests' need for beach bathing that arose during these years was met at the Stazersee , a bathing lake in the Stazerwald between Pontresina and St. Moritz. The changed travel habits of guests who wanted to travel by private car were opposed by the ban on cars in the Canton of Graubünden since March 5, 1911. Tourism groups, including the Bündner Hotelierverein, got involved in lifting the ban. It was not until the tenth referendum on June 21, 1925 that the streets were opened to private car traffic.

The stock market crash of October 27, 1929 triggered the Great Depression and was another serious setback. The foreign exchange export restrictions introduced by Germany and other countries caused the number of guests to collapse again.

Restructuring of the stock corporation and name change

The balance sheet for the business year 1932/1933

The accumulated loss as of March 31, 1933, at 234,356 francs, exceeded 80% of the share capital of 300,000 francs. A renovation was inevitable. The general meeting of July 5, 1933 resolved to reduce the share capital to 20% of the nominal value. Five old shares were merged into one new share with a nominal value of CHF 500. Additional new shares for 40,000 francs resulted from the conversion of outstanding mortgage interest at Bündner Kantonalbank, which wrote off another 17,800 francs and deferred the remaining 35,000 francs for five years without interest. With this step, the Kantonalbank became the de facto owner of the hotel - 114 of the 200 shares belonged to it, plus the 62 shares in the Bündner Kreditgenossenschaft, which had been in liquidation since 1931 and which ultimately had to be taken over by the Kantonalbank.

At the end of the business year 1933/34 the management of Hans Beck ended and with the summer season 1934 it went to Hans and Mary Walther. The economic environment turned out to be a little friendlier and the hotel was open again for the first time in the winter season. This is where the closings of the past few years took their toll, because, as the annual report 1934/35 states, during the winters, while the Hotel Pontresina was closed, the old customers moved to other hotels and sports fields and were largely lost to us. The interest burden from the more than 1.3 million mortgage debts remained overwhelming and hit the books with over 40,000 francs each year. By the end of the 1935/36 financial year, the company had burned its share capital again. The restructuring plan drawn up by Bündner Kantonalbank as the main shareholder and approved by the general assembly on October 21, 1936, wrote down the share capital again to 20%. The new share capital of 100,000 francs resulted from offsetting against mortgage claims from the Cantonal Bank. With the second renovation, the last small shareholders disappeared, only compensated by profit participation certificates . The Bünder Kantonalbank became the sole owner of the stock corporation, apart from a few mandatory shares on the board of directors. In view of the changed situation , the general assembly decided to change the name to Sporthotel Pontresina . This showed in which circles one wanted to look for future customers.

Newspaper reports about a polio epidemic in Graubünden in the summer of 1936 caused the 1936 summer season to collapse. But the devaluation of the Swiss franc on September 26, 1936 led to an increase in the number of guests in the Engadin. The sports hotel benefited from this, the operating loss was reduced and, at least for the 1937/38 seasons, there was an operating profit again.

World War II and post-war period

With the outbreak of World War II on September 1, 1939, the borders closed again. Swiss guests who spent their holidays in Switzerland instead of the no longer possible trips abroad, as well as troop billeting, did not use the hotel adequately. It was therefore always closed in winter. The rationing of food, fuel and necessities made running the hotel even more difficult. The last rationing for consumer goods did not end until July 1, 1948, three years after the end of the war. At the beginning of the first summer season after the war, on May 1, 1946, Roman and Marlies Thöndury ran the Sporthotel, while the previous management Hans and Mary Walther took over the management of the Hotel Palace in Pontresina.

The hotel continued to be in the red, even though the hotels in the Engadine benefited from holiday campaigns for members of the American occupation forces in Europe until the late 1940s. The Swiss were able to travel abroad again, but opportunities in war-torn Europe were limited. This changed at the beginning of the 1950s, when new and rebuilt hotels opened , especially in Austria with the help of the Marshall Plan . The hotels in the Engadine with their aging facilities - the difficult interim and wartime period had hardly allowed major investments - now had to compete with these modern hotels. In addition, there were currency problems again: a wave of devaluation in the countries of the sterling bloc in September 1949 led to a drop in overnight stays by English guests. From 1950 there was also a shortage of staff in the hotel industry, as foreign workers were now increasingly finding work in their home countries. Hotels had to remain closed due to a lack of staff - so the Sporthotel in the winter of 1953/54. From the mid-1950s onwards, Italy and Spain attracted new holiday destinations with low prices. In the 1950s, the hotel building ban , which had been extended several times in different form since the First World War, also fell . In the referendum of March 2, 1952, a majority voted against renewed extension after a referendum had been called against it .

Takeover by the Kantonalbank

In 1963, the Graubündner Kantonalbank saw no further future for the Sporthotel Pontresina AG and decided to liquidate it . On August 17, 1963, the property was transferred to the land register. In the following years, the new owner invested large sums in renovating the hotel. In 1965 the hotel got a new heating system. The east wing, the oldest part of the hotel, has been extensively renovated and the number of rooms has been reduced by converting it into two apartments on the first and second floors. In 1967, more rooms were given a private bathroom, and the rooms were generally renovated. The cantonal bank agency, which had been on the ground floor of the east wing for decades, moved into the extension of the Hotel Schweizerhof in 1970. In 1971 the former bank branch was converted into a sports shop by the architect Otto Kober.

Purchase by the municipality of Pontresina, renovation and resale

In 1972 the Cantonal Bank separated from the Sporthotel and sold it to the municipality of Pontresina. The renovation work continued and was completed in 1973 with the renovation of the north wing. At the end of the 1973 summer season, Roman and Marlies Thöndury's management also ended. The management time of their successors, Ralph and Monika Schweizer, lasted from autumn 1973 to October 1980. In 1974 the Swiss hotelier association made the sports hotel the first of its four training hotels today. In the five-week block courses that take place twice a year in the spring and autumn off-season, prospective hotel management assistants receive school and practical training in accordance with the regulations of the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) under realistic conditions, as the hotel is run by the trainees themselves. The driving force behind the project was the Graubünden Hotelier Association as the regional association of the Swiss Hotelier Association, which found a house in the Sporthotel whose size and space suited its function as a training facility.

While the previous renovations in the 1960s and 1970s focused on the rooms and bathrooms, at the beginning of the 1980s it was also necessary to renew the social and economic areas. In 1981, during Kilian and Beatrice Schenker's brief management period from 1980 to 1982, the kitchen and lingerie were remodeled , followed by the extensive redesign of the hall and bar in 1982. The hall was reduced in size in favor of a new dining room, which was now on the same level as the kitchen.

When the assets were divided between the civil parish and the political municipality of Pontresina, the Sporthotel came into the possession of the political municipality. The management of Hans-Georg and Regula Pampel-Gross began in the 1982/83 winter season, initially as tenants and from December 1, 1986 as tenants . In addition to the ongoing room renovation, more funds were now also found to expand the offer for guests. In addition to ski and bike rooms and TV connections in all rooms, the wellness facility in the attic opened in 1995 was the most important expansion. The Sporthotel expanded its culinary offer, which is also aimed at walk-in customers, on various occasions by renovating the restaurant in 1991, setting up a garden restaurant in 1995 and, most recently, in 2011 with the Fonduehüttli , which replaces the garden restaurant in winter. Stricter regulations for Non smoking Protection in 2010 found expression in remodeling the bar with setting up a lounge with separate smoking lounge . The new building of the staff house in 2011 improved the accommodation of the staff.

In 2005, the management of the sports hotel went to Alex and Nicole Pampel. The last change of ownership took place in 2010 with the sale of the hotel by the political municipality of Pontresina to Sporthotel Pontresina AG, which was founded in 2004 and is owned by the Pampel family. The purchase agreement also contained the provision that an apartment building and an underground car park with parking spaces for the apartment building and the hotel should be built instead of the dilapidated staff house. The proceeds from the sale of the apartments, an amount between seven and ten million francs, should be used for upcoming major investments in the sports hotel. The acceptance of the federal popular initiative “against the endless construction of second homes” on March 11, 2012, which aims to limit the number of such apartments per municipality to 20 percent, endangered this investment project, as this quota has long been exceeded in Pontresina. The Grisons Homeland Security raised objection against the exception building permit for the Sport Hotel, but abandoned after the rejection of the Weiterzug of the decision of the cantonal administrative court .

  • The new building of the Refugi staff house

  • The smoking room set up in 2011

People in the hotel

In the hotel, very different social classes came into contact with the guests and the staff. The employees should treat guests with respect and courtesy and treat them with respect and friendliness . Addressing the guests directly was not desired. The staff are waiting for the guests to express their wishes or ask questions. The hotel construction itself supported this distant relationship by duplicating existing infrastructures. In addition to the representative staircase for the guests, there were the side stairs for the employees, the hotel entrance corresponded to the staff entrance, the dining room the dining room for the employees. Staying in the rooms designated for the guests outside of working hours was taboo for the staff.

Guests

Example of a guest list from The Engadin Express & Alpine Post from July 10, 1903
Postcard of the Hotel Pontresina & Post, sent in 1890 by the publisher Max Abraham to his composer friend Edvard Grieg

During the season up to the 1930s, the hotels in the Engadine published the names of their guests in tourist magazines such as The Alpine Post (later The Engadin Express & Alpine Post ), which appeared weekly on Tuesdays during the season, and Graubünden: general tourist paper for all health resorts . These guest lists illustrate the composition, origin and social position and - viewed over time - the change in customers, who usually spent several weeks in the hotel in the summer . The guest lists of the Hotel Pontresina show a predominantly German clientele - successful merchants, entrepreneurs, bankers and academics from the upper middle class, often of Jewish origin.

Aristocrats play a special role in the guest lists, as they belonged to the nimbus of hotel palaces and the opportunity to meet these classes was one of the attractions of the hotels for the aspiring upper class. Their titles and their entourage were detailed in the guest lists, more important ones in bold. The arrival and departure of members of governing houses was also mentioned in the editorial section of The Engadin Express & Alpine Post . One example of this is Marie Anna von Sachsen-Altenburg , a long-term guest at the Hotel Pontresina.

Other important guests were the music publisher Max Abraham , owner of CF Peters Musikverlag and the publisher Emil Mosse , brother of Rudolf Mosse and co-owner of Mosse advertisements. With August Thyssen , one of the co-owners of Thyssen AG and Hermann Magirus , co-owner of Magirus , a leading manufacturer of fire fighting equipment and commercial vehicles, two important representatives of German industry stayed at the hotel in the summer of 1895.

Doctors not only recommended their patients to stay in the Alps, they also traveled there themselves. These include the physician and biochemist Leonor Michaelis , the physician Albert Fraenkel and the pharmacologist and biochemist Max Jaffé .

Bankers also traveled to the high mountains for their summer vacation. Evidence can be provided of the bank director Paul Mankiewitz , board member of Deutsche Bank , who traveled with family and servants from Berlin, and his brother Hugo Mankiewitz . In autumn 1911, the banker Paul Wallich traveled to Pontresina to look for a bride to meet the two daughters of the recently deceased Bremen “Petroleum King” Franz Ernst Schütte . He spent several evenings at the widow's table with her daughters in the great hall of the sports hotel. But the younger one was too young at the age of 15 and there was no point of contact with the older one .

The Berlin painter Max Liebermann and his wife Martha also made several visits to the Hotel Pontresina . From here he visited his colleague Giovanni Segantini in Maloja in 1898 .

The doctor and poet Arthur Schnitzler was dissatisfied . On July 21, 1913, he made a note of arrival in Pontresina in his diary . Hotel Pontresina. Unsatisfied with the rooms. On July 23, he moved to the Hotel Cresta Palace in Celerina , where he witnessed the outbreak of the First World War. Ten years later, on August 17, 1923, he lodged his partner Clara Katharina Pollaczek in the Hotel Pontresina and ate in the hotel several times, while he himself lived in the Cresta Palace . In the same summer, the conductor Bruno Walter spent a few weeks with his wife and daughters at the Hotel Pontresina.

Employees

Cooks in the kitchen of the sports hotel

The efficient operation of a first-rate establishment like the Hotel Pontresina required a multi-faceted division of labor . Organizationally, the hotel was divided into different operating areas such as kitchen , floor , hall , hall or office . The distinct ranking system that was in place at the hotel, illustrate the traditional function designations as in the operating range hall , the dining room: head waiter, Chef de rang , Commis de Rang , Waiter, waiter Courier, Upper waitress and waitress. An investigation in 1918 found 55 possible senior positions for permanent staff and 35 for staff with tips. A rise in rank increased income, but could also improve other working conditions, for example by providing a larger and better-equipped staff room. Foreign language skills increased the chances of advancement for staff with direct guest contact. In addition to supervisory functions, the superiors also performed training functions and instructed the employees in their work. This included correct and polite treatment of the guests.

In Stoppany's time, the hotel was a first-rate establishment with over 100 employees. In the 1960s there were still around 90 employees. Due to rationalization and automation, but also due to the reduction in the number of rooms and the changed classification of the hotel, the number of employees now fluctuates between 40 and 50 depending on the season.

Origin and composition

The majority of their employees were not recruited by the hoteliers in the Engadin from the local population, but from neighboring countries and abroad. The local population found their direct income from tourism more as mountain guides , coach drivers and later ski instructors . In the surrounding structurally weak Alpine valleys with their small-scale and small-scale economic structure, the monetary income from the hotel industry was a welcome addition to households that were still strongly oriented towards self - sufficiency . This enabled sons and daughters to contribute to the family income at an early stage, even if this was limited to three to five months a year in the seasonal hotel business. The proportion of foreign workers, especially Germans and Italians, fell from 31.5% before the First World War to around 23% in the interwar period. In the post-war period, Italians predominated in the sports hotel as waiters, housekeeping staff and assistants, while Swiss dominated the kitchen as higher-level employees. The same applied to the administration. In the 1970s, the Portuguese, Spaniards and Yugoslavs increasingly replaced the Italians. Since the 1980s, the Portuguese have predominated, replacing the missing Spaniards and Italians. The number of Germans among specialist employees increased significantly.

Hotel staff were young, according to a 1930s survey - 57.1% of men and 67.8% of women were under thirty. The strenuous work, from season to season in other hotels and the often low income made it difficult for the employees to start a family - 63.7% of the men and 93.3% of the women were single.

The majority of the hotels employed women. In establishments with fewer than 100 beds or below, their share was greater than in first-rate hotels and in establishments with more than 100 beds. Apart from purely male domains such as the hall or purely female domains such as lingerie, men and women worked together. The majority of the more attractive, better paid and more respected management positions are held by men. Women did their poorly paid work as cleaning women , kitchen helpers and housekeeping in areas where they should not be noticed by the guests as much as possible. While women ( called room daughters ) far outweighed the waiters in the entire canton of Graubünden , in the first-rate hotels such as the Hotel Pontresina the majority served men. This was justified with the wishes and habits of the guests as well as the lack of elegance of the daughters compared to the waiters in tails .

From service to collective employment contract

The profession of hotel employee evolved from the servant , and in the early hotels the servants of the owner family simply served the guests as well. The preserved form of a service contract for the Hotel Pontresina from the 19th century shows this relationship, which is still very family-patriarchal. The employee did not work for the Hotel Pontresina, but in person for the hotel owner Florian Stoppany.

The employment was limited to one season. A large number of contracts had to be concluded for each season. In it, the employee undertook to look after the employer's interests in every respect through loyalty and diligence. The working hours were not regulated, the employee had to work for as long as the employer determined , and he had to undergo every work that was relevant to [his] subject .

The service regulations , as strict house rules monitored by the hotelier and the executive staff, supplemented the employment contract and give further insights into the life of the employees. The day started early, all employees should get up so early that they are at 5 am at work . The employees were not allowed to leave the house without permission, and meals, which were compulsory, were taken in the house. There were also dress codes. Most of the employees wore uniforms, but all the waitresses in the house, such as waitresses, porters and housekeeping, were not allowed to wear shoes with shoelaces . The coachmen who are not in uniform must appear in decent clothing .

The high fine of 10 francs for smoking in bed - the most expensive room in the Hotel Pontresina cost 8 francs in 1899 - could certainly also be justified by the omnipresent fire hazard in the hotel. But the reasons for immediate dismissal - late return from going out, poor speaking from home, getting drunk or disrespecting superiors - illustrate the strict and hierarchical system into which the employees had to fit themselves.

The servants were given an exit from which they had to return at the appointed hour . There are no special regulations for the weekend or public holidays. The cantonal economic law of 1900 guaranteed employees seven hours of uninterrupted rest at night as well as four hours of free time per week, one of which had to fall on Sunday morning to allow employees to attend church. The exception regulation in Article 13 of the law, however, allowed the municipality board to grant exceptions to the regulation for a maximum of six weeks for special circumstances . The abuses led to the cantonal rest day law, which the Graubünden voters adopted on October 13, 1918. The employees were now given 24 consecutive hours off every third Sunday. In the weeks without a Sunday off, they were entitled to half a weekday off. As a concession to the seasonal hotel business, leisure time could be reduced by half for four months a year.

Since 1911, that allowed Obligations to conclude collective agreements . The hotel employees organized in Union Helvetia took advantage of this opportunity and signed the first collective employment contract with employers in the catering industry in 1919. For the first time, the contract secured minimum wages in two tariff classes for first-rate hotels as well as for other hotels and restaurants, and unified working conditions. Only seasonally employed employees received a percentage surcharge on their wages for their higher travel and job recruitment costs. In the opinion of the Bündner Hotelierverein, this collective labor contract was geared too much towards city hotels that are open all year round and did not take into account the specific aspects of the seasonal hotel business. This collective employment contract has been continuously adapted and expanded to this day and regulates the employer-employee relationship in the hospitality industry.

  • Form of a service contract for the Hotel Pontresina from the 19th century

  • Service regulations of the Hotel Pontresina

  • Notice from the Bünder Hotelierverein with the regulation of rest periods from the 1930s

income

Part of their wages relative the hotel staff in the form of board and lodging as a benefit in kind . The staff of the Hotel Pontresina had their accommodation - strictly separated by gender - in the utility building, later above the garages, on the top floor of the extension from 1881 and in the attic of the north wing. The legal requirements were minimal. At the cantonal level, the Graubünden economic law has required since 1900 that the bedrooms have at least one outside window. At the federal level, the Code of Obligations only required employers to have healthy bedrooms . The staff left the little specific provisions on size, heating, furniture, sanitary facilities or occupancy of the accommodation to the discretion of the hotelier. In the end, the employees could only defend themselves against poor accommodation by avoiding the hotel in the future and warning colleagues about the conditions. Multiple occupancy was the rule until after the Second World War - former chambermaids remember six-person rooms in Pontresin hotels. Only the few higher employees lived in double or even single rooms, which also reflected the rank achieved in the hotel hierarchy. In today's sports hotel, hotel accommodation is no longer mandatory. If an employee lives away from home, he receives a corresponding compensation.

The second component of the wages in kind, the catering, was also of different quality. Often times the staff would receive the leftovers from the guests, simply three or four days later. The serving of leftovers from the guests was common practice among the staff.

In terms of money wages, employees fell into two categories. Staff without direct contact with the guests, such as kitchen workers or lingerie maids, received a fixed monthly salary. Employees in contact with guests, the operating personnel in the hall or in the hall, received a lower fixed basic salary. Her main income came from tips . The staff received this part of their income for favors or service at the table and in the room from the guests - not from the employer - mostly on the day of their departure. Tips were a moral, not a legal obligation and therefore not a secure part of income.

As a result of the social and economic change after the First World War, the attitudes of the guests to tips changed. In the course of the 1920s and 1930s, a percentage surcharge on the hotel bill, which was divided among the authorized staff according to a distribution key, increasingly replaced the free tip of the prewar period. A first step on this path was the guidelines for the distribution of tips and service surcharges negotiated by the Union Helvetia with employers in 1925 , as a recommendation that is not yet legally binding. This was only fulfilled by the tipping regulations for the hotel industry, which were declared generally binding by the Federal Council in 1936 . It obliged the business owners to pay fixed surcharges, staggered according to the length of stay of the guests, as well as fiduciary management and payment of the amounts to the entitled persons according to a distribution key. The tip thus became a secure component of income - but still dependent on the business of the hotel. In the course of the 1950s, this solution then disappeared in favor of fixed salaries.

literature

  • Isabelle Rucki : Hotels in Pontresina. Cantonal Monument Preservation, Chur 1984/85, pp. 106–111.
  • Isabelle Rucki: The hotel in the Alps. The history of the Upper Engadine hotel architecture from 1860 to 1914. Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-250-50108-5 , p. 182.
  • Isabelle Rucki: The hotel in the Alps. The history of the Upper Engadine hotel architecture from 1860. hier + now, Baden 2012, ISBN 978-3-03919-255-7 , p. 272.

Web links

Commons : Sporthotel Pontresina  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information according to Facts & Figures on the sports hotel's website. Retrieved on November 1, 2012 ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.sporthotel.ch
  2. ^ Isabelle Rucki: Hotels in Pontresina. Cantonal Monument Preservation, Chur 1984/85, p. 106.
  3. ↑ a b M [ichael] Caviezel: The Engadin in words and pictures. Tanner, Samedan 1893, p. 316.
  4. ↑ Dolf Kaiser: Almost a people of confectioners? Graubünden confectioners, cafetiers and hoteliers in European countries until the First World War. A contribution to economic history. Neue Zürcher Zeitung, Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-85823-217-3 , p. 100.
  5. ↑ a b obituary of Florian Stoppany. In: Engadin Express, illustrated foreign newspaper . January 31, 1901, No. 16, p. 213.
  6. ↑ JM Ludwig: Pontresina and its surroundings. Jost & Albin, Chur 1878, p. 94.
  7. ↑ M [ichael] Caviezel: The Upper Engadine. A guide on walks, large and small tours. Gengel, Chur 1876, p. 136.
  8. ↑ In Dr. JM Ludwigs Pontresina and its neighborhood. Translated by FS Reilly. Edward Stanford, London 1879, Stoppany is already listed as the new owner on p. 129. The editorial deadline was March 1879.
  9. ↑ Handbuch der Architektur IV. Part: Designing, layout and furnishing of buildings, 4th half volume: Buildings for recreational, accommodation and club purposes. 2nd Edition. Arnold Bergsträsser, Darmstadt 1894, pp. 217/218.
  10. ↑ a b M [ichael] Caviezel: The Engadin in words and pictures. Tanner, Samedan 1893, p. 178.
  11. ↑ a b c F [rederick] de Beauchamp Strickland: The Engadin. A guide to the district. Sampson Low and Co., London 1891, p. 222.
  12. ↑ a b Avis to the guests, kept in the Sporthotel Pontresina document collection in the Swiss Economic Archives (SWA) in Basel, signature H + IE 65.
  13. ↑ Handbuch der Architektur IV. Part: Designing, layout and furnishing of buildings, 4th half volume: Buildings for recreational, accommodation and club purposes. 1st edition. J. Ph. Diehl's Verlag, Darmstadt 1885, p. 184.
  14. ↑ Switzerland. Practical guide for travelers. Griebens travel books . Volume 23, 19th edition, Albert Goldschmidt, Berlin 1899, p. 330.
  15. ↑ M [ichael] Caviezel: The Engadine in words and pictures. Tanner, Samedan 1893, p. 183.
  16. ↑ Architecture archive Gebr. Ragaz / W. Vonesch, Samedan; Map directory in the State Archives of the Canton of Graubünden in Chur, p. 10.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 618 kB)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.gr.ch  
  17. ↑ Handbuch der Architektur IV. Part: Designing, layout and furnishing of buildings, 4th half volume: Buildings for recreational, accommodation and club purposes. 2nd Edition. Arnold Bergsträsser, Darmstadt 1894, p. 226.
  18. ↑ Advertisement in Engadin Express & Alpine Post . No. 10 of July 10, 1903.
  19. ^ Swiss Telegraph and Telephone Administration: Official directory of telephone subscribers. 3, cantons: Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Glarus, Graubünden, St. Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz (districts of Einsiedeln, Höfe, March), Thurgau, Zug, Zurich, Principality of Liechtenstein. Years 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1918 and 1919.
  20. ^ Advertisement in: Schweizerische Bauzeitung . Volume 38 (1901) of September 28, 1901.
  21. ↑ Swiss hotelier Club (ed.): The hotels in Switzerland. 11th edition 106, Schweizerische Verlagsdruckerei G. Böhm, Basel 1906, p. 155.
  22. ^ Hotel Pontresina, price list 1906: Chauffage central en construction pour la Saison d'hiver 1906/07 .
  23. ↑ Engadin Express & Alpine Post, December 9, 1913, p. 14.
  24. ^ Supplement to the Engadin Express & Alpine Post, February 4, 1913, pp. 74/75.
  25. ^ Supplement to the Engadin Express & Alpine Post, February 28, 1913.
  26. ^ Supplement to the Engadin Express & Alpine Post, January 30, 1914.
  27. ^ "Tango Tea" in the Hotel Pontresina . In: Supplement to the Engadin Express & Alpine Post . December 30, 1913, p. 36.
  28. ^ Hermann Gurtner: The economic importance of the Swiss hotel industry. Swiss Hotel Association, Basel 1939.
  29. ^ Isabelle Rucki: The hotel in the Alps. The history of the Upper Engadine hotel architecture from 1860 to 1914. Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-250-50108-5 , p. 181.
  30. ^ Isabelle Rucki: The hotel in the Alps. The history of the Upper Engadine hotel architecture from 1860 to 1914. Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-250-50108-5 , p. 183.
  31. ↑ a b Isabelle Rucki: The hotel in the Alps. The history of the Upper Engadine hotel architecture from 1860 to 1914. Institute for the History and Theory of Architecture, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-250-50108-5 , p. 180.
  32. ↑ Articles of Association of A.-G. Hotel Pontresina, p. 3/4, kept in the Sporthotel Pontresina document collection in the Swiss Economic Archives (SWA) in Basel, signature H + IE 65.
  33. ↑ Publication in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (SHAB) August 25, 1909, No. 214, p. 1467.
  34. ↑ Articles of Association of A.-G. Hotel Pontresina p. 4., kept in the Sporthotel Pontresina document collection in the Swiss Economic Archives (SWA) in Basel, signature H + IE 65.
  35. ↑ Daniela Decurtins , Susi Grossmann: For better and for worse . Swiss Bank Corporation Chur 1994 p. 56.
  36. ↑ Ordinance on the Protection of the Hotel Industry against the Consequences of the War of November 2, 1915, Article 27.
  37. ^ Eugen Böhler: Expert opinion on the economic situation of the Swiss hotel industry. Verlag Schweizer Hotelierverein, Basel 1940, p. 15 and p. 27.
  38. ^ Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein: 1918–1968. Anniversary report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association. P. 13.
  39. ^ Karl Baedeker: Switzerland together with the adjacent parts of Northern Italy, Savoy and Tyrol. Guide for travelers. Baedeker, Leipzig 1911, p. VI.
  40. ^ Eugen Böhler: Expert opinion on the economic situation of the Swiss hotel industry. Verlag Schweizer Hotelierverein, Basel 1940, p. 11.
  41. ^ Daniel Kessler: Hotels and Villages. Upper Engadine hotel industry and population in the interwar period . Self-published, Bern 1998, p. 48.
  42. ^ Price sheet of the Bündner Börse, September 9, 1933.
  43. ↑ Shareholder directory 1933, kept in the Sporthotel Pontresina document collection in the Swiss Economic Archives (SWA) in Basel, signature H + IE 65.
  44. ^ Annual report 1934/35, kept in the document collection Sporthotel Pontresina in the Swiss Economic Archives (SWA) in Basel, signature H + IE 65.
  45. ↑ a b Annual Report 1935/1936, kept in the Sporthotel Pontresina document collection in the Swiss Economic Archives (SWA) in Basel, signature H + IE 65.
  46. ↑ The name change and the revision of the articles of association were published in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce (SHAB) of November 12, 1936, No. 129, p. 2660.
  47. ↑ Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein (Ed.): 1918–1968. Anniversary report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association. Pp. 18/19.
  48. ↑ Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein (Ed.): 1918–1968. Anniversary report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association. P. 19.
  49. ↑ Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein (Ed.): 1918–1968. Anniversary report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association. P. 24.
  50. ↑ a b Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein (Ed.): 1918–1968. Anniversary report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association. P. 20.
  51. ↑ Annual report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association, 1949.
  52. ↑ Annual report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association, 1950.
  53. ^ Hotel list Pontresina, winter season 1953/54.
  54. ↑ Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein (Ed.): 1918–1968. Anniversary report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association. P. 33.
  55. ↑ Swiss Federal Chancellery: Result of the referendum of March 2, 1952.
  56. ^ Publication of the deletion after completion of liquidation in the Swiss Official Gazette of Commerce of May 8, 1964, No. 129, p. 1776.
  57. ^ Graubündner Kantonalbank: 93rd Annual Report 1963. Graubündner Kantonalbank, Chur 1964, p. 27.
  58. ^ Graubündner Kantonalbank: 95th Annual Report 1965. Graubündner Kantonalbank, Chur 1966, p. 20.
  59. ^ Graubündner Kantonalbank: 97th Annual Report 1967. Graubündner Kantonalbank, Chur 1968, p. 22.
  60. ^ Graubündner Kantonalbank: 100th Annual Report 1970. Graubündner Kantonalbank, Chur 1971, pp. 27/28.
  61. ↑ Plans are kept in the Upper Engadin culture archive, signature ID-100697.
  62. ↑ The hotel industry and second homes. The Sporthotel Pontresina can realize investment projects. In: Engadiner Post . Thursday, July 12, 2012 (PDF; 4.2 MB)
  63. ^ Service regulations of the Hotel Pontresina.
  64. ^ Engadin Express & Alpine Post, February 20, 1914.
  65. ↑ Finn Benestad, Hella Brock (ed.): Edvard Grieg. Correspondence with the music publisher CF Peters, 1863-1907. Peters, Frankfurt am Main 1997, ISBN 3-87626-010-8 , p. 160, p. 189.
  66. ↑ a b c d e The Alpine Post, Wednesday, August 21st, 1895, p. 258.
  67. ^ The Alpine Post, Wednesday, August 31st, 1895, p. 317.
  68. ^ The Engadin Express & Alpine Post, September 1, 1903.
  69. ^ The Engadin Express & Alpine Post, July 28, 1903.
  70. ^ Paul Wallich: Apprenticeship and wandering years of a banker. In: Two Generations in German Banking. Series of publications by the Institute for Bank History Research, Volume 2, Knapp, Frankfurt a. M. 1978, ISBN 3-7819-0188-2 , p. 349.
  71. ↑ Beat Stutzer (Ed.): Views into the light. New reflections on the work of Giovanni Segantini. Scheidegger & Spiess, Zurich 2004, ISBN 3-85881-159-9 , p. 51.
  72. ^ Commission for literary forms of use of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ed.): Arthur Schnitzler. Diary. 1913-1916. , Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1981–2000, ISBN 3-7001-0395-6 , p. 126.
  73. ^ Commission for literary forms of use of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ed.): Arthur Schnitzler. Diary. 1913-1916. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1981–2000, ISBN 3-7001-0395-6 , p. 127/128.
  74. ^ Commission for literary forms of use of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ed.): Arthur Schnitzler. Diary. 1923-1926. Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1981–2000, ISBN 3-7001-2119-9 , pp. 76/77.
  75. ↑ Engadin Express & Alpine Post, July 24, 1923, p. 28.
  76. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991, p. 44.
  77. ^ Message from Regula Pampel, Sporthotel Pontresina.
  78. ^ A b Daniel Kessler: Hotels and Villages. Upper Engadine hotel industry and population in the interwar period . Self-published, Bern 1998, p. 28.
  79. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 10.
  80. ^ Richard Meuli: Le tourisme grison et son rôle dans l'économie cantonale des Grisons. , Impr. De La Tribune de Genève , Genève 1940 p. 102.
  81. ^ Message from Regula Pampel, Sporthotel Pontresina.
  82. ^ Richard Meuli: Le tourisme grison et son rôle dans l'économie cantonale des Grisons. , Impr. De La Tribune de Genève , Genève 1940 p. 46/47.
  83. ^ Richard Meuli: Le tourisme grison et son rôle dans l'économie cantonale des Grisons. , Impr. De La Tribune de Genève , Genève 1940 p. 48.
  84. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 60.
  85. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991, p. 61.
  86. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 pp. 149/150.
  87. ↑ a b Bündnerischer Hotelier-Verein (Ed.): 1918–1968. Anniversary report of the Graubünden Hotelier Association. P. 6.
  88. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 151.
  89. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 130.
  90. ^ Website of the collective employment contract for the Swiss hospitality industry.
  91. ↑ a b Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 145.
  92. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 127.
  93. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 128.
  94. ↑ Federal Council resolution of June 12, 1936 on the declaration of general binding effect on the agreed tipping regulations for the hotel industry
  95. ↑ Marianne Fischbacher: This is how you went to the hotel ...: Domleschger hotel employee in the Engadine during the interwar period. , Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1991 p. 142.

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