Indigenous Peoples Region (Taiwan)
Regions of the indigenous peoples ( Chinese 原住民 族 地區 , Pinyin yuánzhùmínzú dìqū , Pe̍h-ōe-jī Goân-chū bîn-cho̍k tē-khu ) of Taiwan are administrative units in which the indigenous peoples of Taiwan enjoy special rights.
Historical background
Until the 17th century, the island of Taiwan was almost exclusively inhabited by Austronesian ethnic groups. From the 17th century - partly catalyzed by European colonial powers - a continuous immigration of Han Chinese from mainland China began, which intensified after Taiwan became part of the Chinese Empire at the end of the 17th century . The indigenous population was pushed out of the fertile plains of the west coast and either assimilated into the Chinese culture or pushed into the inaccessible mountainous region in the center of the island and in the east of the island. In what is now the Republic of China in Taiwan , around 550,000 people (around 2.5 percent of the total population) belong to the so-called indigenous peoples.
Since the political transformation and democratization of Taiwan from the 1980s / 1990s, the indigenous cultures have increasingly been viewed as a valuable cultural heritage of Taiwan that has to be preserved. As a result, they were granted more and more rights. 54 communities, in which members of indigenous peoples make up a substantial proportion of the population, have been declared “regions of indigenous peoples”, in which the culture and languages of the indigenous peoples are to receive special protection and special promotion. The legislature differentiates between “indigenous peoples of the mountains” and “indigenous peoples of the plains”. The definitions refer to the traditional settlement areas of the individual peoples during the time of Japanese rule .
List of regions of indigenous peoples
Overview
There are four types of regions of indigenous peoples. If the municipality in question is located in a rural district, it can be a rural municipality ( 鄉 , Xiāng ), a city municipality ( 鎮 , Zhèn ) or a (district) town ( 市 , Shì ). If the region forms an urban district in a city under the government, it is considered a "mountainous district of the indigenous people" ( 直轄市 山地 原住民 區 , zhíxiáshì shāndì yuánzhùmín qū ).
County / Government Immediate City |
Borough | Rural community | Borough | County seat | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mountain | level | ||||
New Taipei | 1 | ||||
Yilan County | 2 | ||||
Taoyuan | 1 | ||||
Hsinchu County | 2 | 1 | |||
Miaoli county | 1 | 2 | |||
Taichung | 1 | ||||
Nantou county | 2 | 1 | |||
Chiayi County | 1 | ||||
Kaohsiung | 3 | ||||
Pingtung County | 8th | 1 | |||
Taitung County | 5 | 7th | 2 | 1 | |
Hualien County | 3 | 7th | 2 | 1 | |
total | 6th | 24 | 19th | 4th | 2 |
List of municipalities
The following municipalities or city districts are considered regions of the indigenous peoples ".
Area of the mountainous region Area of the plain
Surname | Chinese | Taiwanese | Hakka | Formosa language | Community type | Administrative unit | Main language (s) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nan'ao | 南澳 鄉 | Lâm-ò | Nàm-o | Rural community | Yilan County | Atayal | ||
Datong | 大 同鄉 | Tāi-tông | Thai-thùng | Rural community | Yilan County | Atayal | ||
Wulai | 烏 來 區 | U-lai | Vû-lòi | Ulay Atayal | Borough | New Taipei | Atayal | |
Fuxing | 復興 區 | Hok-heng | Fu̍k-hîn | Pyasan Atayal | Borough | Taoyuan | Atayal | |
Guanxi | 關 西 鎮 | Koan-se | Kûan-sî | Borough | Hsinchu County | Atayal | ||
Jianshi | 尖石 鄉 | Chiam-chio̍h | Tsiâm-sa̍k | Rural community | Hsinchu County | Atayal | ||
Wufeng | 五峰 鄉 | Ngó͘-hong | Ńg-fûng | Rural community | Hsinchu County | Atayal , Saisiyat | ||
Nanzhuang | 南 庄鄉 | Lâm-chng | Nàm-chông | Rural community | Miaoli county | Saisiyat | ||
Shitan | 獅 潭 鄉 | Sai-thâm | Sṳ̂-thàn | Rural community | Miaoli county | Saisiyat | ||
Tai'an | 泰安 鄉 | Thài-an | Thai-ôn | Rural community | Miaoli county | Atayal | ||
Heping | 和平 區 | Hô-pêng | Fò-phìn | Borough | Taichung | Atayal | ||
Yuchi | 魚池 鄉 | Hî-tî | Ǹg-tshṳ̀ | Rural community | Nantou county | Thao | ||
Xinyi | 信義 鄉 | Sìn-gī | Sin-ngi | Rural community | Nantou county | Bunun | ||
Ren'ai | 仁愛 鄉 | Jîn-ài | Yìn-oi | Rural community | Nantou county | Atayal , Bunun , Seediq | ||
Alishan | 阿里山 鄉 | A-lí-san | Â-lî-sân | Psoseongana Tsou | Rural community | Chiayi County | Tsou | |
Namaxia | 那 瑪夏 區 | Namasia | Namasia | Namasia Bunun , Kanakanavu | Borough | Kaohsiung | Bunun , Kanakanavu | |
Tauyuan | 桃源 區 | Thô-goân | Thò-ngièn | Ngani Bunun | Borough | Kaohsiung | Bunun , Saaroa | |
Maolin | 茂林 區 | Bō͘-lîm | Meu-lìm | Teldreka Rukai | Borough | Kaohsiung | Rukai | |
Manzhou | 滿州 鄉 | Bóan-chiu | Mân-chû | Manutsuru Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan | |
Sandimen | 三 地 門 鄉 | Soaⁿ-tē-mn̂g | Sâm-thi-mùn | Timur Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan , Rukai | |
Wutai | 霧 臺 鄉 | Bu-tai | Vu-thòi | Vedai Rukai | Rural community | Pingtung County | Rukai | |
Majia | 瑪 家鄉 | Má-ka | Mâ-kâ | Makazayazaya Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan | |
Taiwu | 泰武 鄉 | Thài-bú | Thai-vú | Klaljuc Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan | |
Laiyi | 來 義 鄉 | Lâi-gī | Lòi-ngi | Rai Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan | |
Chunri | 春日 鄉 | Chhun-ji̍t | Tshûn-ngit | Kasugagu Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan | |
Shizi | 獅子 鄉 | Sai-chu | Sṳ̂-é | Sisigu Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan | |
Mudan | 牡丹 鄉 | Offered | Méu-tân | Sinvaudjan Paiwan | Rural community | Pingtung County | Paiwan | |
Taitung | 臺 東 市 | Tâi-tang | Thòi-tûng | Pusung American , Paiwan , Puyuma | County seat | Taitung County | Yanks , Paiwan , Puyuma | |
Chenggong | 成功 鎮 | Sêng-kong | Sṳ̀n-kûng | Madawdaw American | Borough | Taitung County | Amish | |
Guanshan | 關 山鎮 | Koan-san | Kûan-sân | Lilong American | Borough | Taitung County | Amish | |
Beinan | 卑南 鄉 | Pi-lâm | Pî-nàm | Puyuma American & Puyuma , Pinang Rukai | Rural community | Taitung County | Yanks , Puyuma , Rukai | |
Dawu | 大 武鄉 | Tāi-bú | Thai-vú | Palangoe Paiwan | Rural community | Taitung County | Paiwan | |
Taimali | 太麻里 鄉 | Thài-mâ-lí | Thai-mà-lî | Tjavualji American , Paiwan | Rural community | Taitung County | Yanks , Paiwan | |
Changbin | 長 濱 鄉 | Tn̂g-pin | Tshòng-pîn | Kakacawan American | Rural community | Taitung County | Amish | |
Donghe | 東 河鄉 | Tong-hô | Tûng-hò | Fafukod American | Rural community | Taitung County | Amish | |
Luye | 鹿野 鄉 | Lo̍k-iá | Lu̍k-yâ | Rural community | Taitung County | Amish | ||
Chishang | 池上 鄉 | Tî-siōng | Tshṳ̀ song | Rural community | Taitung County | Amish | ||
Yanping | 延平 鄉 | Iân-pêng | Yèn-phìn | Inpiing Bunun | Rural community | Taitung County | Bunun | |
Haiduan | 海端 鄉 | Hai-toaⁿ | Hói-tôn | Haitutuan Bunun | Rural community | Taitung County | Bunun | |
Daren | 達仁 鄉 | Ta̍t-jîn | Tha̍t-yìn | Tadren Paiwan | Rural community | Taitung County | Paiwan | |
Jinfeng | 金峰 鄉 | Kim-hong | Kîm-fûng | Kinzang Paiwan | Rural community | Taitung County | Paiwan | |
Lan Yu | 蘭嶼 鄉 | Lân-sū | Làn-yí | Ponso no Tao Yami | Rural community | Taitung County | Yami | |
Hualien | 花蓮 市 | Hoa-liân | Fâ-lièn | Kalinko Amisisch , Nabakuwan Sakizaya | County seat | Hualien County | Yanks , Sakizaya , Truku | |
Fenglin | 鳳林 鎮 | Hōng-lîm | Fung-lìm | Marlimu American | Borough | Hualien County | Amish | |
Yuli | 玉里 鎮 | Gio̍k-lí | Ngiu̍k-lî | Posko American | Borough | Hualien County | Amish | |
Xincheng | 新 城鄉 | Sin-siâⁿ | Sîn-sàng | Sinjiyu Truku , Takidi's American | Rural community | Hualien County | American , Truku | |
Ji'an | 吉安 鄉 | Kiat-an | Kit-on | Cikasuan American | Rural community | Hualien County | American , Truku | |
Shoufeng | 壽 豐 鄉 | Siū-hong | Su-fûng | Ciamengan American | Rural community | Hualien County | Amish | |
Guangfu | 光復 鄉 | Kong-ho̍k | Kông-fu̍k | Fata'an American | Rural community | Hualien County | Amish | |
Fengbin | 豐 濱 鄉 | Hong-pin | Fûng-pîn | Fakon Amisisch , Bakung Kavalan | Rural community | Hualien County | American , Kavalan | |
Ruisui | 瑞穗 鄉 | Sūi-sūi | Lui-sui | Kohkoh American | Rural community | Hualien County | Amish | |
Fuli | 富 里 鄉 | Hù-lí | Fu-lî | Kongpo American | Rural community | Hualien County | Amish | |
Xiulin | 秀林 鄉 | Siù-lîm | Siu-lìm | Bsuring Truku | Rural community | Hualien County | Truku | |
Wanrong | 萬榮 鄉 | Bān-êng | Van-yùng | Malibasi Truku | Rural community | Hualien County | Truku , Bunun | |
Zhuoxi | 卓 溪鄉 | Toh-khe | Cho̍k-hâi | Takkei Bunun | Rural community | Hualien County | Bunun |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b 55 個 原 鄉 列表 ("List of the 55 original communities"). Website of the Council of Indigenous Peoples, May 4, 2018, accessed May 20, 2018 (English / Chinese).
- ↑ 新聞稿: 落實 原住民 族 語言 發展 法 , 原住民 族 地區 地方 通行 語 公告 了! ("Press release: Announcement of the implementation of the law on the development of the languages of indigenous peoples, and the local languages of the regions of indigenous peoples! "). Council of Indigenous Peoples website, May 4, 2018, accessed May 20, 2018 (Chinese).
- ↑ 55 個 原住民 族 鄉鎮 市區 ("55 rural communities, town councils and urban districts of the indigenous peoples"). Taiwan government data portal, accessed May 20, 2018 (Chinese).