Lüderbach Castle

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The west side of the castle with the Capellan-Hessen coat of arms in the gable of the central projectile
The east side of the castle (inner courtyard): entrance side and porch with half-timbered upper floor and indicated tower

The Lüderbach Castle (also Lüder Bacher castle was called) one from the mansion of the associated manor to lock -developed property in Lüderbach , a district of the town of Ringgau in Werra-Meissner in Hessen , Germany , and is a cultural monument of artistic, historical and urban planning reasons.

location

Lüderbach with church and castle (right picture)

Lüderbach Castle is located in the Netra - Ifta Graben north of the Ringgau plateau at about 300  m above sea level. NHN in the northeast of the town; the area bounded by the K17 ( Altefelder Straße ) and the parallel Ifta in the southeast, the Mergelgasse in the north and the Eichenbergstraße in the west. The mansion is located approximately north-south on the west side of the property, northeast with an east-west facing (former) barn; to the east is a park area.

history

It is assumed that a previous building was built between 1329 and 1445 by the Treusch family. After a branch of the Upper Franconian - Hessian noble family of the Treusche zu Buttlar , the Treusch von Buttlar-Brandenfels-Markershausen (after their ancestral castle Brandenfels near Markershausen ), took full possession of the place in the 15th century (certainly from 1445), probably as an acquisition from the Augustinian monastery in Eschwege , they had the foundations laid for today's castle around 1560. It was initially built as a representative mansion for the associated manor. It served as the headquarters of the Buttlar branch.

In 1619 the place and manor was sold by Georg Oswald Treusch von Buttlar to the brothers Reinhard (1561-1623) and Heinrich Ludwig Scheffer (1563-1621). In the document of the Imperial Abbey of Hersfeld it says:

“ Moritz , Landgrave of Hesse , allows Georg Oswald Treusch von Buttlar to use his knightly seat in Lüderbach in the Brandenfels court , fiefdom of the Hersfeld monastery and the princely house of Saxony , with all accessories and all rights to the brothers Reinhard and Heinrich Ludwig to pay his debts Scheffer, Chancellor or Head of the High Hospitals, sold. The buyers receive the property from the administrator as a fief. "

- Text of document 56, signature no. 2089 from January 8, 1619. Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg (HStAM)

In 1622 Heinrich Ludwig's daughter Christina married into the noble family of those von Capellan (also Capella or Kaplan ). Oberhofmarschall Johann Wilhelm von Capellan (1590–1660) received part of the palace as a morning gift . In 1627 he also bought the rest of the castle. This was comprehensively renewed in 1652/60, in those years the central part of the castle with the porch, and in 1732.

The noble family Capellan, mostly called Kaplan in Austria , was a small Mühlviertel noble family from Lüstenfeld in Austria that also had possessions in Linz and in the middle of the 14th century placed burgraves at Lobenstein Castle . They originally came from Catholic Austria because of questions of faith (they converted to the Reformed faith) and owned Lüderbach until 1779, which was expanded as a family property. The last male descendant Adam Friedrich von Capellan , who, like his ancestors, entered the military service of the Kassel Landgrave Friedrich von Hessen-Kassel in 1733 and headed the High Hospitals from 1756, died on July 25, 1779. His sister Frederike von, born in 1707 and widowed in 1732 Cornberg, born Capellan , died on January 25, 1776 in Lüderbach. She was married to Johann Georg von Cornberg (1700–1732) on Richelsdorf . After his death and the complete extinction of the older Richelsdorf line of those von Cornberg in 1739, it must have returned to Lüderbach to the brother. Both siblings remained childless and are buried on the Kirchberg in the specially built pyramid of tombs. The architecturally interesting mausoleum is next to the well-known burial place of Elector Wilhelm I in Park Wilhelmshöhe and the aristocratic mausoleums in Windhausen (in the Germanic Garden of Windhausen Castle ), municipality of Niestetal ( district of Kassel ) and in Neuenrode , municipality of Neu-Eichenberg ( Werra-Meißner district ) one of the most remarkable in northern Hesse . With the death of the Capellans, the castle and town fell into the ownership of the Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld ( Herleshausen ) as an extinct fief . The existing stables were only added around 1800. The manor was originally arranged like an estate with buildings in a square .

After the First World War , the property was sold to the private owner Hauptmann Koch . In 1954 half of the castle came to the then independent municipality Lüderbach and half to the Raiffeisenkasse Lüderbach . A major fire in 1974 caused great damage in the restaurant on the upper floor, which of course also severely damaged the roof structure . The castle has been privately owned by the Schalles family in Kassel since 1980 and has been completely renovated.

description

The grave pyramid of those "von Capellan" on the Kirchberg in Lüderbach (4) .jpg

The grave pyramid of those "von Capellan" on the Kirchberg in Lüderbach (3) .jpg
The renovated coat of arms of Adam Friedrich von Capellan on the grave pyramid
The grave pyramid of those "von Capellan" on the Kirchberg in Lüderbach (4) .jpg
The alliance coat of arms of his sister Frederike von Cornberg née Capellan


View from Altefelder Straße over the stone bridge over the Ifta to the gable end of the manor house

"... a simple Renaissance building from 1560 (not 1660), is picturesquely on the edge of the small castle garden ..."

- Heinrich Reimer: Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen , p. 478

The long, north-south oriented two-storey castle with a steeper gable roof has a two-axis porch to the west about in front of the center of the building. It is made of plastered rubble stones. The high basement is partially provided with a mezzanine. The main gable of the typical central projecting on the west side, with a double coat of arms "Capellan - Hessen " (with the year 1722 and the initials C.LVG and JRVCGVH ) , which is now colored again , and the gable of the southern extension are triangular, with the extension a flatter roof pitch from the 19th century. In addition to the central porch, there is a round arched gate passage to the south . The windows on the upper floor, the living area, are coupled by two or three people . On the gable side of the main building there are coupled arched windows in the roof area. The size of the original house cannot be reliably determined without a construction study. The only thing that is certain is that the northern part of the main wing was built first, which was expanded after the devastation of the Thirty Years' War and the half-timbered upper floor of the central building was replaced by a massive increase.

In the rear eastern part (inner courtyard or garden side) there is a three-storey porch with a crooked hipped roof , offset to the north compared to the front central projection . The upper floor is a 19th century half-timbered structure . In the center of the front of the porch at the level of the first floor there is an artistically colored, larger coat of arms stone of an alliance coat of arms marked with the year 1660. The three-part coat of arms stone has a gable with an angel's face, including a number of initials: heraldic right LV? .C. , CVCGS on the left , underneath framed by volutes the coat of arms Capellan (in the top section divided coat of arms in black and silver (three points), on the shield bottom a golden three-mountain, the coat of arms adorned with Spangenhelm and black-silver divided buffalo horn ) and Scheffer (golden six-pointed star in blue heraldic shield, crowned by a buckle tournament helmet and a double-split blue-gold buffalo horn as a helmet ornament in which the star is repeated). The coat of arms is finished with a cornice , under which there is a second face framed by volutes.

A side portal of the porch shows the year 1652. Access is also from the side via a small staircase. In the southern corner of the porch (entrance side) a hinted, probably earlier, stair tower is visible, about 4/5 of which is built into the building today.

The farm buildings that used to belong to the estate are no longer available today. This included a sheepfold to the east , which was demolished in 1890, and a barn to the south , which was demolished in 1951. A castle mill in front of the south gable was demolished at the end of the First World War in 1918 and the so-called castle backhaus , dated to 1552 by inscriptions in the beams and located north of the manor house, suffered the same fate in 1953.

The renovated single-arch stone bridge over the Lüderbach to the castle was only built in the 20th century by the owner of the castle, but is included in the whole of the castle as a cultural monument. The property is now privately owned and can only be viewed from the outside.

Funerary pyramid

The grave pyramid of those "von Capellan" on the Kirchberg in Lüderbach

To the east of the town and castle is the mausoleum of the last two Capellan siblings on a hill, the so-called Kirchberg . On this is the grave pyramid made of rubble stones . The building is square up to about three meters high, on top of it, with a slightly reduced base, a five-meter-high pointed pyramid , which is crowned by a base with a ball. On the east side there are two coats of arms framed in the wall, on the left the coat of arms of Capellan for Adam Friedrich von Capellan and on the right the alliance coat of arms Cornberg-Capellan for his sister Frederike von Cornberg . Like the castle, the grave pyramid is designated as a Hessian cultural monument.

literature

  • Manfred Adam (Ed.): 800 years Lüderbach (1195 - 1995) . A home story of our village. Ringgau-Lüderbach 1995.
  • Gerhard Bott, Dieter Großmann, G. Ulrich Großmann and Erich Herzog: Reclam's Art Guide - Germany Volume IV - Hesse , Universal Library No. 8466, Reclam Verlag 1978, p. 478
  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen , publications of the historical commission for Hessen 14, Marburg 1926, p. 312
  • Editor: Peer Zietz, Thomas Wiegand: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany - cultural monuments in Hesse. Werra-Meißner district I, old district Eschwege . Vieweg publishing house, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1991, ISBN 3-528-06240-1 . P. 314 f.
  • Rolf Müller (Ed.): Palaces, castles, old walls. Published by the Hessendienst der Staatskanzlei, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-89214-017-0 , p. 295.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Lüderbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Photos of the castle

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Monument topography Werra-Meißner-Kreis I , p. 314 f.
  2. ↑ Schlösser, Burgen, Alte Mauern , Wiesbaden 1990, p. 295
  3. ↑ HNA Regiowiki: Eschwege Monastery , accessed on January 19, 2016
  4. ↑ HNA Regiowiki: Schloss Lüderbach , accessed on January 19, 2016
  5. ↑ according to other information in 1622, cf. Dietrich Christoph von Rommel: History of Hessen, Vol. 5-8, Kassel 1835, p. 439
  6. ↑ Heinrich Ludwig Scheffer was Hessian councilor, chamber master in Kassel and head director of the Hessian high hospitals (see Reinhard Scheffer the Elder )
  7. ↑ Saxony has demonstrably the church patronage and probably also other rights in the place
  8. ↑ Document 56 (773-1743) (old: MI Reichsabtei Hersfeld) 2089 , accessed on January 25, 2016.
  9. ↑ The former Lüderbach Castle, Ringau (under client, basic data, condition ) in the wiki of the project “Renaissance castles in Hesse” at the Germanic National Museum
  10. ↑ Alexander Jendorff, Heide Wunder: Adel in Hessen: Rule, Self- Understanding and Lifestyle from the 15th to the 20th Century , Historical Commission for Hesse, 2010. p. 213
  11. ↑ Lüderbach on www.begrenzzaunlos.de , accessed on January 19, 2016
  12. ↑ a b Alexander Jendorff, Heide Wunder: Aristocracy in Hesse: rule, self- image and lifestyle from the 15th to the 20th century , Historical Commission for Hesse, 2010. pp. 476–478
  13. ↑ according to other information only around 1930
  14. ↑ according to other information in 1975
  15. ↑ a b The former Lüderbach Castle, Ringau (section: Significance of the building history ) in the Wiki of the project “Renaissance Castles in Hesse” at the Germanic National Museum
  16. ↑ a b Information according to the information board in front of the castle, Heimatverein Lüderbach eV; accessed on August 28, 2018
  17. ↑ Reprint: An unchanged reprint of the 1st edition was published in 1974 by Elwert Verlag: ISBN 3-7708-0510-0 (hardcover) ISBN 3-7708-0509-7 (paperback)

Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 27.9 ″  N , 10 ° 8 ′ 3.9 ″  E