Schweinitz (Jessen)

Schweinitz City of Jessen (Elster)
Coordinates: 51 ° 47 ′ 34 "  N , 13 ° 1 ′ 34"  E
Area :	15.8 km²
Residents :	1054  (June 1, 2017)
Population density :	67 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	January 1, 1993
Postcodes :	06917, 06928
Area code :	03537
Location of Schweinitz in Saxony-Anhalt

Black magpie

town hall

Schweinitz is a district of Jessen in the district of Wittenberg , Saxony-Anhalt , Germany . The former town is located on the Schwarzen Elster around six kilometers east of Jessen on the B 187 at the confluence of the Schweinitzer Fließ in the Schwarze Elster. One of the most northerly German wine-growing regions is located between Jessen and Schweinitz .

origin of the name

A document from the Neuwerk zu Halle monastery from 1121 mentions a village called Swinze for the first time . Around sixty years later, the name "Swinze" can be found in a deed of donation dated February 14, 1182. Archbishop Wichmann von Seeburg zu Magdeburg transfers various possessions to the Neuwerk monastery in Halle, including 100 Hufen land in the forest at Schweinitz near Gutterberg . The latter belonged to Count Heinrich von Wettin up to this point. In the same document, an Augustinian monastery is founded in Schweinitz , which stood on a hill on the other bank of the Elster and to which a Marienkapelle belonged. In 1187 Schweinitz was also mentioned as Burgward. From “Swinze”, “Swiniz” was finally created in the 13th century. In the main state archive in Dresden there is a document from 1254, which gives two brothers from Schweinitz, "Henricus et Witigo, fratres de Swiniz". Presumably the former Wendish fortification was still used as such in the late 13th century, because in 1290 "Swinitz" is called Burgward. The name "Swinitz" was to remain the name of the place on the Black Elster until the 15th century.

A document from 1339 describes Schweinitz as a small settlement with a church in the protection of the Burgwardes. The addition "civitas" can be found in the documents in 1350, while Schweinitz was first mentioned in 1373. At that time, besides "Swinitz" (1374), one speaks of "Swinicze" (1378). From the year 1404 there is a mention of the calendar brotherhood of the Augustinian monastery founded around 1182. Further documentary mentions are 1452 “Swinicz”, 1462 “Sweinitz” and from 1508 finally “Schweinitz”.

history

The origin of the name is probably due to the former area rich in wild boar, in which the Ascanian electors liked to hunt. At that time there was already a pig- hunting hunting lodge . Schweinitz developed in the shadow of a castle that was built by the Ascanian Margrave Albrecht I (Brandenburg) , also known as Albrecht the Bear, in the early 12th century. However, Wendish or Sorbian settlers have probably already established a first settlement here with a fortified castle wall. The area around Schweinitz belonged to the Mark Lausitz since the 11th century , then to the Mark Brandenburg . After the death of Margrave Konrad I and according to a document from 1182, the area was a pertinence of the County of Wettin. Heinrich von Wettin, son of Conrad the Great, donated most of the Schweinitzer care to the Neuwerk monastery in Halle in the 12th century. This ceded it to the ore monastery of Magdeburg in the early 13th century . An Augustinian monastery was founded here around 1182, which was on the other side of the Elbe on a hill, today called the "chapel". This included a Lady Chapel, which existed until 1502, in which indulgences were granted.

A document from 1339 states that there was already a small place with a church near the castle or Schloss Schweinitz. In 1350 the settlement was first referred to as "civitas"; It received town charter in 1373. The Saxon electors gave Schweinitz numerous advantages with its hunting grounds, which are very popular with the electors. In 1362 the archbishop of Magdeburg Archduke Dietrich left of Portiz called Kagel Witt from Stendal, the Elector Rudolf II. The vests Schweinitz and Wiesenburg against the castle Gatersleben. From then on, the castle and town of Schweinitz belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Wittenberg .

The area around Schweinitz is traversed by the Elbe and Black Elster rivers, and the Fließbach flows into the latter at Schweinitz under the castle. The numerous floods and floods as well as the rather sandy soils gave poor conditions for arable farming. The former Schweinitz Castle itself has often been under water, as reported in documents. The turf iron stone , which can be found here in the region and is located close to the swampy surface of the earth , was often used to build walls. The castle was also largely made of this material. From the end of the 14th to the middle of the 16th century, the Saxon electors of the Ascanian line often stayed here. When a tower collapsed, Elector Rudolf III. (Sachsen-Wittenberg) in 1406 his two sons Wenzel (he was later to become the Archbishop of Magdeburg) and Sigismund. Together with the court master and six noble boys, they were killed in the night by the castle tower, which fell partly into the bedchamber and partly into the Elster. The castle was already quite dilapidated by then.

Elector Albrecht III. (Sachsen-Wittenberg) , the brother of Elector Rudolph III., Schweinitz gave care to his wife Offka as personal belongings. It was later given to the Electress Hedwig of Denmark and Norway as a widow's residence . With the death of Albrecht in 1422, the Ascanian line Saxony-Wittenberg expired and the area passed to the Wettins.

Elector Ernst, the father of the later Elector Frederick III, “the wise” , had the palace restored between 1470 and 1486 and a hunting lodge with a forester's yard and zoo laid out. He died in 1486 when he fell from his horse during a hunt near Schweinitz. After almost the entire town had burned down in 1505 by the armor maker Blasius, Frederick the Wise gave the Neuenhof farm as compensation to the residents in 1515.

Martin Luther has given several sermons in the Schweinitz church from 1521, during his stays he stayed in what was then the "High House", today Schliebener Str. 28. King Christian II, who was expelled from Denmark , also stayed temporarily in Schweinitz Castle and visited on October 6, 1523 a sermon by Luther in town. Elector Johann the Steadfast , brother of Friedrich the Wise, had chosen the Schweinitz hunting lodge as his favorite palace. He is said to have died after a stroke in the presence of Luther and Melanchthon on August 16, 1532. After his death the castle stood empty and was finally demolished in 1576. Only the so-called “Citizens Tower” was still used as a prison. In 1668 the gallows was renewed to execute the imprisoned Hans Christoph Flegel. In 1733 a wheel was erected in Schweinitz, on which the Mügel, executed for his crimes, was placed as a deterrent. It was one of the last wheels to be built in the Electorate of Saxony . Parts of the castle are said to have existed until the 1840s; The remaining castle buildings were not completely demolished until the late 19th century.

Office building

After the electoral princedom was divided into districts and offices, Schweinitz was the seat of the Schweinitz office . To manage the office which was around 1600 on the site of the former hunting lodge office building built in the u. a. a judicial officer performed his duties . The city of Schweinitz had a seat and vote in the state parliament and at that time had around 600 inhabitants. Two other fires in the town focused on 1637 and 1665 severe devastation, where also the administration building and parts were destroyed the church. The office building was built in 1668 again, the steeple until the 1714th

The place gave its name to the former district of Schweinitz , based in Herzberg . Schweinitz lost its independence on January 1, 1993 when it was incorporated into Jessen.

Culture and sights

See also: List of cultural monuments in Jessen (Elster), especially Schweinitz

Saint Mary's Church

Windmill

Buildings

• former office building Schweinitz
• Parish Church of St. Mary , on July 1, 1385 the foundation stone was laid for the construction of a church in the late Gothic style in the shape of a cross, with the name "Church of the Holy Cross". The apse has been preserved. Romanesque remains probably testify to an older previous building in the form of a stone church from the 11th / 12th. Century.

On April 16, 1637 the city burned down, including the tower and the north side of the church. The arson is attributed to the "Swedish Reuther". On an engraving by Dillich, the church had a small pointed tower at that time. In the course of the reconstruction, the former cross shape was not rebuilt, the southern cross leg has been preserved and the nave was extended to the north. The church was renamed "Marienkirche". In the years 1713 to 1714 a tower was built again. Veit Ludwig Megander , a lawyer who works in the city, financed the construction through a lottery. Original documents were found in the church tower. This was built in the style of the North German Baroque. An octagon was placed on a crossing, and a hood arched over it, which merged into a lantern of eight columns. This was followed by a double helmet with a button, a weather vane and a star. A second small burial church, the Gottesackerkirche, was not built until 1779. Today the Marienkirche in the southern part of the city, a late Gothic complex extended to the north, is the main church of the city.

• listed windmill

Memorials

Former school

• Memorial plaque in Brauhausgasse for the communist Otto Hillmann , who was murdered in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1945
• Cenotaph from 1971 on the grounds of the elementary school (in GDR times POS Hans Beimler) Obere Weinberge 31 in memory of the Spanish fighter Hans Beimler , who lost his life in 1936 in the fight to preserve the Spanish republic

sons and daughters of the town

• Veit Ludwig Megander (? -1709), Protestant religious writer
• Moritz Wilhelm Heffter (1792–1873), historian and high school teacher
• August Wilhelm Heffter (1796–1880), legal scholar
• Walther Siegmund-Schultze (1916–1993), musicologist and university professor
• Hella Brock (* 1919), musicologist

literature

• Oskar Braschwitz: Historical pictures from South Fleming and from the Elbe-Elster area . Verlag Biehl, 1926.
• Karl August Engelhardt : Earth description of the Kingdom of Saxony . Volume 7, Dresden, Leipzig, 1808.
• Gustav Schönemark: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Schweinitz district . Edited by the Historical Commission of the Province of Saxony. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the province of Saxony and adjacent areas. Booklet 15. Halle (Saale). 1891.
• Walter Vögler: The home book of the Schweinitz district . In: The history of the homeland. Volume 2. Verlag Karl Görner. 1934.
• Walter Wenzel : The place names of the Schweinitzer country . Academy publishing house. Berlin, 1964.
• 1182–1982: Schweinitz yesterday and today . Published by the city council of Schweinitz (Elster) 1982.

Web links

Commons : Schweinitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Schweinitz in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Homepage with extensive details on eventful history

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.jessen.de/stadtportal/ortsteile/schweinitz.html
2. ↑ Wenceslaus, p. 96
3. ↑ Wenceslaus, p. 176
4. ↑ Schönemark, p. 63
5. ↑ Vögler, p. 21
6. ↑ Wenceslaus, p. 96
7. ↑ Brachwitz, p. 5
8. ↑ Schönemark, p. 62
9. ↑ 1182–1982, p. 7
10. ↑ Schönemark, p. 62
11. ↑ Wenceslaus, p. 96
12. ↑ Schönemark, p. 63
13. ^ Wenceslaus, p. 97
14. ↑ Engelhardt, p. 27 ff.
15. ↑ Engelhardt, p. 29
16. ↑ Engelhardt, p. 29
17. ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1st, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office