Seyda
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Seyda
City of Jessen (Elster)
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| Height : | 78 m | |
| Area : | 7.95 km² | |
| Residents : | 914 (June 1, 2017) | |
| Population density : | 115 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | March 1, 2004 | |
| Postal code : | 06917 | |
Location of Seyda in Saxony-Anhalt |
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Seyda is a district of the town of Jessen (Elster) in the district of Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt . As part of the administrative community Elster-Seyda-Klöden Seyda had the to the incorporation to Jessen on 1 March 2004 city law .
Naming
The name Seyda , like other place names in the area, is of Slavic origin. There are several names for the place name in historical documents. The name Sydowe appeared around 1270, Sydaw in 1506 and Seydaw in 1508. The Slavic ending "-ow" could indicate a single farm, the first part is a personal name (Sid). Martin Luther , who wanted to monitor the progress of the Reformation on his church visits and who visited the place for the first time in 1527, used the term Sidonium . From 1605 the name Seyda or Seida became common.
geography
Seyda is located in the east of Saxony-Anhalt on the border with the state of Brandenburg . 23 kilometers south-west of Seyda is Wittenberg and 12 kilometers south of Jessen (Elster) .
The Fläming ridge stretches to the north , and to the south the terrain gradually slopes down towards the Elbe and Elster . The municipality of Gadegast and the districts of Schadewalde , formerly an independent municipality, Mellnitz , Morxdorf and Lüttchenseyda, border on Seyda .
Seyda's eastern border is also the gateway to the Glücksburger Heide , a wooded area of around 6,850 hectares.
history
Settlement of Seyda during the German colonization in the east (1150–1500)
After the Brandenburg Margrave Albrecht the Bear called settlers from Rhine Franconia and especially from Flemish to the sparsely populated area east of the Elbe around 1150 , the place of today's Seydas was also settled by the colonists. As everywhere, the old Wendish population was pushed out of the settlements or mixed with the new settlers.
As part of this eastern colonization , a Burgward was formed to protect the German settlers in Seyda . The fortifications east of the Elbe were mostly built in the vicinity of already existing Slavic capitals. The places Mellnitz , Gadegast and Zemnick are in the immediate vicinity of Seyda , which also indicate a Slavic origin. The seat of the Burgwards also meant that the villages in the vicinity were both economically and ecclesiastically dependent on Seyda. The residents of the castle should find protection and refuge in it in times of need. The castle also served as a collection point for the taxes to be paid.
The castle was built on an elevated point, today's Burgstrasse (until 2010 Bergstrasse) in the middle of what was then a swampy area. The first German settlers then settled around these - more by chance and unplanned -, with which the village of Seyda came into being. However, broken fragments show that there was a Slavic fortification instead of this castle.
The local researcher Oskar Brachwitz wrote about the appearance and dimensions of this castle:
“The German knight's castle was of course heavily fortified. While the swamp in the north and west offered sufficient protection, the castle was surrounded with double moats. The trenches were twelve meters wide and fifteen meters apart. A remnant of the outer moat is still preserved today, it is generally known as the castle moat. ... There was also a pond called "Heller" near the ditch, probably to collect water.
The drawbridge was located at today's ascent to the mountain. On the right hand side, close to the inner moat, rose the castle tower, which in connection with a gatehouse secured access. The castle was surrounded by a strong wall made of field stones. Residential and stable buildings were built within the walls, and a castle chapel must also have been present "
Landsberg's taverns were the first masters of the castle . They acquired the castle with the settlement for the first time in 1235. Their local branch then called itself Schenken von Sydow (Syden). The settlement of Seyda has been documented since 1268 at the earliest. In the 13th century the rule came to Hermann von Werthere as a marriage property . After this line died out, the rule fell in 1366 to the feudal lord , the Saxon Elector Rudolph II. Later, according to a document, the rule Sydow was again awarded to the Landsberg taverns . After the new ownership of Seyda Castle , the von Landsberg family also called themselves the "Schenken von Syden".
From its foundation, the young town was successively owned by the Mark Brandenburg , then assigned to the Archdiocese of Magdeburg and from 1366 to the Electorate of Saxony-Wittenberg .
Seyda as the headquarters of the Seyda office in the Electorate of Saxony (1501–1815)
A precise history of the place can only be traced back to 1501, when the Saxon elector Friedrich the Wise bought the rule (a town, an old writingsasse with a village, 15 official villages and 9 desolate brands ) from the taverns of Landsberg. The purchase price of the now electoral Saxon office of Seyda was 20,000 Meißner guilders . Seyda thus became one of the three Wittumsämter to supply the electoral widows living at Lichtenburg Castle near Prettin with food. An electoral bailiff moved into the palace building.
The sales letter shows that the Seyda rulership was previously pledged to the Saxon Elector, as Landsberg's taverns were known in the sales letter among others:
"So we have his grace with six thousand guilders, which we owe and on the rulership of Seyda vorschryben synt to pay"
When the Saxon rule was consolidated in 1506, Seyda was first called "little town". The place had 42 residents (men with property). The total size of the city was therefore about 200 inhabitants. 20 hooves, about 160 hectares, belonged to the town hall . In addition to the city and the castle, a Vorwerk and the Seydaer Heide also belonged to the new property of the Wettins.
Economically, the city was largely agrarian. So here was the largest wool market of Kurkreises . Flax cultivation also played a major role in the local economy. In addition, an electoral stud farm was established from 1509 , which existed until the Thirty Years' War. The Reformation of 1517 brought great changes for Seyda as well. Luther and his followers visited the Wittenberg area in order to monitor and control the implementation of the Reformation in the villages. The visitators wrote in their visitation reports on the situation of the parish in Seyda:
“Steadlet Seyda has had its own pastor so far, and has been alone and yet, besides the little stool, has provided parish rights to two other villages, Marksdorff and Lutschen Seyda ... And domit the little Seyda ... so much more static and More diligently with the word of God, the holy sacraments and other parish rights may be provided, the pastor of this time was assigned a skilful and trained caplan. "
After the end of the Schmalkaldic War in 1547, the office of Seyda and the place itself came to the Albertine part of Saxony and was now ruled from Dresden.
The appearance of Seyda Castle changed over the centuries. So only the buildings were maintained while the defenses fell into disrepair. The complex was therefore called Seyda Castle from 1500. Elector August von Sachsen had the dilapidated old castle completely demolished from 1573 and a new electoral pleasure and hunting lodge built between the village of Mügeln and Zellendorf, which was named Glücksburg . Some of the building material was also used to build the Seyda office building and the surrounding farmsteads after the housing conditions at the palace had become increasingly unfavorable, and the then bailiff was given permission by Elector Christian II to build a suitable house with an administrative function had requested. The office building, which was built in 1605, is now the oldest building in Seyda. It stands on the site of the former outer bailey . Six town houses were built on the site of the actual castle. The building is typical of the time with a massive plastered basement. The upper part consists of half-timbering.
The electoral Saxon magistrate lived and worked here, and the administrative building was the seat of administration for Seyda and the surrounding villages. All official business was carried out in this office building. The office building also served as a storage room for the taxes, which were then transported to the Lichtenburg in Prettin.
On May 30, 1605, the first big fire raged in the city, in which 43 houses and many barns and stables were destroyed. Two people were killed and two other women were badly burned.
During the Thirty Years War , Seyda, like many other places in this area, was sacked alternately by imperial and Swedish troops. The worst year for Seyda in this war was 1637. In 1697 the city had 70 houses, 67 of which were inhabited with 300 inhabitants. In a second big city fire on August 28, 1708, 22 houses and the church went up in flames.
At the beginning of the Seven Years' War (1756 to 1763), Seyda was occupied by Prussian troops on the 2nd day (August 30, 1756) (IR 35 Prince of Prussia), who had crossed the Prussian-Saxon border the previous day and also came from Trebbin Camped out the next day near Morxdorf and Mellnitz. At the same time, Frederick II the Great, coming from Beelitz (August 28, 1756) and Jüterbog (August 29, 1756), stayed in Seyda during these two days.
On August 14, 1795, the last execution of a blacksmith convicted of manslaughter took place in Seyda. The method of execution was wheeling (from below). In 1806 Seyda had 105 houses and 800 inhabitants. After the defeat of the French in the Russian campaign of 1812 and the beginning of liberation from foreign rule, Seyda was briefly involved in the fighting.
The first Russian Cossacks appeared in Seyda on March 7, 1813, and the first Prussian hussars on March 12. From the beginning of March 1813 to the end of July, Russian or Prussian troops had to be fed almost every day in Seyda. On September 3, 1813, 6 to 7,000 Prussians moved into Seyda, Saxony, and took up quarters here and in the surrounding towns. On September 5, the battle at Zahna (or "Meeting at Gadegeast") between the French and Prussians took place, the final act of which took place in and near Seyda. The following night the French headquarters were on the heights south of Naundorf near Seyda , five kilometers north of Seyda. The inhabitants of Seyda and all the surrounding villages had to deliver taxes there. On the morning of September 6th, the XII. Corps of the French Army Seyda. The battle at Dennewitz began. The roar of cannons could be heard in Seyda all day until darkness fell. Then again many French people marched through the town in great disorder. Beaten by Blücher and Tauentzien, some of them fled back to the Elbe fortress Wittenberg, where they had come from. On September 12th, Bernadotte , the commander-in-chief of the victorious Prussian troops, briefly relocated his headquarters to Seyda and then turned on to Coswig , which ended Seyda's involvement in this war.
Seyda in the Prussian province of Saxony (1815–1944 / 45)
After the Wars of Liberation , the office and the city of Seyda came to Prussia as part of the Province of Saxony as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . The Seyda office was dissolved and became part of the Schweinitz district . The official building became the service building of a Royal Prussian court. A Saxon post distance column was still on the market in 1833/34.
The place benefited economically from the connection to the trade route that led from Frankfurt (Oder) via Dahme to Leipzig . So some inns with large stables were formed here. There were also wheel makers and blacksmiths. At the beginning of the 19th century , post windmills , which were in their prime at the time, also shaped the town. Around 1950 there were still 7 of these mills. In the first half of the 19th century there was a steady increase in the population, so that the city expanded to the east. Seyda counted 113 houses in 1825 and had 1,000 inhabitants.
When the railway began to be built, Seyda was largely left out. Nevertheless, Seyda got a small rail connection when the Linda - Seyda forest railway was built in 1886 . This failure of the city leaders at the time to provide a connection to the new transport system was to have a lasting negative effect on the town in the following time, as the industrial trade and, conversely, the workers, increasingly settled at the transport hubs. Although Seyda's population continued to grow at the beginning of industrialization , in 1875 there were 1,690 inhabitants, in 1880 there were 1,683 and in 1885 1,794 inhabitants. But then migration to the cities increased and the population gradually began to decline.
In 1881 a new school house (which served as a daycare center until 2014) was built for the cost of 27,000 Reichsmarks, of which the church paid 1/3 of the costs.
Pauperism prevailing everywhere in the 19th century in Seyda led Gustav von Diest , President of the Merseburg government , to found one for unemployed workers in Seyda at the suggestion of his cousin Friedrich von Bodelschwingh , who founded the first workers' colony in Bethel. The foundation stone of this "Colony Seyda" was laid on August 10, 1883.
This workers' colony changed the environment of Seyda permanently. The colonists gradually cleared the moorlands around Seyda, overgrown with alder scrub and sour grass. By digging two meter wide trenches, beds between 800 and 1,000 m long and 25 m wide were created. The trenches led the groundwater into central trenches, which caused the groundwater level to drop significantly. Although the facility was intended for 100 colonists, it soon had to be expanded as the need was for over 200 colonists. While the harvests were moderate in the first few years, the harvest increased steadily due to the amelioration measures .
In 1913, Seyda was connected to the power grid from Bad Liebenwerda via a long-distance line . During the First World War , 59 Seyda men were killed in the fighting.
After the First World War, the workers' colony was in a very bad economic situation and in 1924 it was on the verge of collapse. The provincial administration in Merseburg took over the institute in Seyda in order to open an "agricultural training institute". It offered 90 neglected boys a new home and training in an agricultural profession. In 1930 the institution for the pupils was relocated and Seyda was again a workers' colony until 1945.
On December 14, 1927, the horse mail line from Seyda to Zahna , which is important and heavily frequented since 1816, ran for the last time. The horse connection was replaced by an automobile bus line, which ensured the connection to the rail network.
After the National Socialists came to power in Seyda in 1933, the Prussian town order was repealed. Mayor Wienicke (SPD), who had been in office since 1925, was deposed, imprisoned and replaced by a NSDAP comrade. Numerous men lost their lives during the Second World War.
Seyda in the Soviet zone of occupation and the GDR (1945–1990)
After the end of the Second World War, the city of Seyda became part of the Soviet occupation zone and became part of the newly formed state of Saxony-Anhalt , which existed until 1952. After the administrative reform carried out in the GDR, Seyda was now in the Cottbus district . After the formation of the new federal states in the course of German reunification, Seyda returned to Saxony-Anhalt in 1990.
Seyda in the Federal Republic of Germany (since 1990)
Between 1990 and 2000, a number of infrastructural renewal measures began, which removed the accumulated investment backlog in public institutions. Roads were completely renewed, sidewalks laid out, lines renewed and fiber optic lines laid. The general appearance of the site, which looked dilapidated around 1990, could be significantly improved. The city's private building stock was gradually modernized across the board through individual renovation measures by the owners. As a result of the takeover of the capitalist market economy, new small businesses with varied successes also formed.
The city of Seyda joined the newly formed administrative community Elster-Seyda-Klöden and was incorporated into the city of Jessen (Elster) on March 1, 2004 .
The population decreased since 1990 due to emigration and a low birth rate from around 1200 inhabitants around 1990 to a little over 900 inhabitants by 2015.
politics
coat of arms
From time immemorial, Seyda had a city coat of arms emblazoned as follows: In silver on green ground, a red stag leaping to the right . The Magdeburg municipal heraldist Jörg Mantzsch redesigned the city arms. The coat of arms redesigned by him was approved by the Dessau Regional Council on June 2, 1995 and registered in the Saxony-Anhalt State Archives under the coat of arms roll number 36/1995.
Blazon : "In silver on a green shield base, a red stag with black reinforcement."
The colors of the village are: red - silver (white).
flag
The flag is red and white striped lengthways. The city coat of arms is placed in the middle of the flag.
economy
Seyda's economic life is determined by agriculture. The largest employers in the area are the United Agricultural Companies Seydaland , which were formed in 1990 from the Agricultural Production Cooperatives (LPG). The division consists of asparagus, meat and milk production.
The second largest employer in the area is the Diest-Hof , a diaconal institution for adults with mental and multiple disabilities who are promoted according to their abilities and skills.
Attractions
- The office building , built in 1605, was initially the official residence of a senior electoral Saxon official. After Seyda fell to Prussia after the Wars of Liberation , it was the official building of the Royal Prussian Court. The restoration began in 2004.
- City Church of St. Peter and Paul from 1711.
- Church gate from 1796.
- Former school building from 1881, 1983-2014 day-care center.
Personalities
- Julius Lindemann (1822–1886), opera singer
- Bruno Müller (1859–1921), Protestant theologian
literature
- Bärbel Schiepel: Seyda and the surrounding area. A walk through the past , Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-303-6
- Bärbel Schiepel: Seyda and the surrounding area - local history (s) , Unze and Druckgesellschaft Potsdam mbH, Teltow 2001
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.jessen.de/stadtportal/ortsteile/seyda.html
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2004
- ↑ Thuringian Main State Archive Weimar, Ernestinisches Gesamtarchiv, Reg. Aa 960-967, Bl. 4 v
- ↑ Bärbel Schiepel: Seyda und Umgebung - Heimatgeschichte (n) , p. 15
- ↑ Friedrich II: Politische Korrespondenz XIII S 310 to 320; Rödenbeck, Karl Heinrich Siegfried : Diary or history calendar from Friedrich's regent life. Berlin 1840 p. 295, Henckel von Donnersmarck, Victor Amadeus: diary of the campaign of 1756, ed. v. Zabeler, Karl. Leipzig 1858 p. 17.
- ^ Landesarchiv Merseburg : Acta regarding the abolition of the Saechsische Postsaeulen , 1833/34, Herzberg (Elster) No. 1565, 23 sheets
- ↑ The Province of Saxony in Words and Images, 295
- ↑ Bärbel Schiepel: Seyda und Umgebung - Heimatgeschichte (n) , p. 39
- ↑ "He will judge the living and the dead." From people in and around Seyda who suffered under National Socialism.
- ^ Erich Keyser : Deutsches Städtebuch , Vol. II, 1940, p. 688.
Web links
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