Ścinawka Średnia
| Ścinawka Średnia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Kłodzko | ||
| Gmina : | Radków | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 31 ' N , 16 ° 30' E | ||
| Height : | 300 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 2400 | ||
| Postal code : | 57-410 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 74 | ||
| License plate : | DKL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Wałbrzych – Kłodzko Meziměstí – Ścinawka Średnia | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
Ścinawka Średnia (German Mittelsteine ) is a village in the powiat Kłodzki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland. It belongs to the urban and rural community Radków ( Wünschelburg ) and is located at the confluence of the Posna (Pośna) in the stones (Ścinawka) .
geography
Ścinawka Średnia is located in the Valley of Stones. Neighboring towns are Słupiec (Schlegel) in the northeast, Bożków (Eckersdorf) in the west, Ścinawka Dolna (Niedersteine) in the southwest, Raszków (Seifersdorf) in the south, Wambierzyce (Albendorf) and Ratno Dolne (Niederrathen) in the southwest and Ścinawka Górna (Obersteine) in the south Northeast.
history
Mittelsteine was first mentioned in 1324. The parish church of St. Maria Magdalena is included for the year 1384 in a directory of the 39 parish churches of the Glatzer deanery belonging to the Archdiocese of Prague with the designation Stinavia superior . Mittelsteine belonged to the Glatzer Land , with which it shared the history of its political and ecclesiastical affiliation. It consisted of several parts that mostly belonged to different owners.
In the Thirty Years' War, on May 7, 1648, Swedish troops invaded the County of Glatz from Braunau . On their passage they plundered Mittelsteine and burned down the little castle with the associated outbuilding , the Schölzerei and the Kretscham . The next day they moved with the captured property through Hollenau to Silesia .
In 1734, the stone bridge was torn away when the stones were flooded.
After the First Silesian War in 1742 and finally after the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Mittelsteine fell to Prussia together with the County of Glatz . Evidence for 1803: a church, a devotional chapel, a rectory, a school, four stately outbuildings, a Kretscham, two watermeal mills, a board mill as well as 15 farmers and 123 gardeners , cottagers and emigrants . Because of its location in the fertile Steinetal, Mittelsteine has always been characterized by agriculture.
On October 15, 1879, the Neurode – Mittelsteine – Glatz section of the Waldenburg – Glatz railway line went into operation and in 1889 the branching line to Braunau was opened. In 1902 it received another railway connection with the Owl Mountain Railway. In 1914, the Mittelsteine railway power station was built with 150 employees. The “Ziegelwerke Mittelsteine Dr.” contributed to a significant economic rise. Adrian Gaertner ”who produced until 1945. After 1942 there was a satellite camp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp in Mittelstelle .
As a result of the Second World War , Mittelsteine fell to Poland in 1945 and was renamed Ścinawka Średnia . The German population was largely expelled . Some of the newly settled residents were displaced from eastern Poland. 1975-1998 Ścinawka Średnia belonged to the Wałbrzych Voivodeship ( Waldenburg ).
The Oberhof or "Hauptmannshof"
At the upper end of the village was the Oberhof , which was also known as the Hauptmannshof from the end of the 17th century . The brothers Thomas and Konrad von Czechau are proven to be the owners for 1356. Their descendants sold the estate to Stephan and Bernard von Donin in 1412 . After the death of Friedrich von Donin 1467 fell Mittelsteine and Nowa Ruda as a completed fiefdom by escheat to the Czech King George of Podebrady . He donated both fiefs to Georg Stillfried-Rattonitz out of gratitude for services rendered on condition that he marry one of the sisters of the late Friedrich von Dohna. 1472 confirmed Duke Heinrich d. Ä. the donation. During an inheritance between Jakob von Stillfried and his cousin Georg von Stillfried, Gut Mittelsteine fell to Jakob, who was married to Hedwig von Reichenbach . After Jacob's death around 1529, his son Heinrich von Stillfried inherited the property. He was married to Elisabeth von Pannwitz auf Albendorf and expanded the estate to include other possessions, including the Niederhof. After the death of his cousin Georg, who died childless in 1586, he also acquired the Neurode feudal estate from Emperor Rudolf II . At his request, the emperor converted the fiefdoms of the upper and lower courtyards into an inheritance in 1596 . In 1598 Otto Friedrich von Ratschin acquired both in Arnsdorf . After his death around 1601, his two sons Otto Heinrich and Hans Friedrich inherited the Mittelsteine estate. In 1612 they divided the inherited estates. Hans Friedrich received the Oberhof. In 1625 the Oberhof was confiscated by the emperor because of Hans Friedrich's participation in the Bohemian rebellion and subsequently administered by the royal chamber. In 1636 she sold the confiscated property to Adam Christian von Ampassek, heir to Niederpischkowitz , who sold it to his brother-in-law Bernard von Stillfried on Neurode in 1657 . At the time, he was the administrator of the County Council of Glatz. 1658 he was appointed to the Imperial Council and in 1662 by Emperor Leopold I in the baron charged. He was married twice and after his death in 1669 left a daughter from each marriage. Mittelsteine and the villages of Zaughals , Fichtig, Beutengrund and half of Königswalde were inherited by Anna Theresia, the daughter of their first marriage. In the same year she married Siegmund Erdmann von Zierotin , heir to Falkenberg . On behalf of his wife, he sold the Oberhof in 1676 to the governor of the County of Glatz, Johann Georg von Götzen . After this, the Oberhof was also called "Hauptmannshof". After the extinction of the male ( Catholic ) line of the Counts von Götzen with Johann Josef von Götzen in 1771, his three sisters inherited the property and in 1780 the nephew Anton Alexander von Magnis . The Oberhof with the associated property remained with his descendants until 1945.
The Niederhof
The Niederhof was a knight's seat, which was initially a fiefdom and was converted into a free inheritance by Emperor Rudolf II at the same time as the Oberhof in 1596 . In the 14th century it belonged to Heincze ( Heinrich ) von Rachenaw, who was married to Agnes von Pannwitz. In 1456 it was owned by Hans Czeschau ( Zeschaw ). At the beginning of the 16th century, the Niederhof was owned by the Stanke von Koritau family . Jakob Stanke sold the Niederhof in 1579 to Karl von Hoberg on Güttmannsdorf. In 1592 Heinrich von Stillfried, who already owned the Oberhof, also acquired the Niederhof. After the conversion of the Niederhof and the Oberhof into an inheritance in 1596, Otto Friedrich von Ratschin acquired both farms. After his death around 1601, the Niederhof was first inherited by his widow Elisabeth, who also acquired the Mittelsteiner Freirichtergut , which she connected to the Niederhof. After her death in 1612, the two sons Otto Heinrich and Hans Friedrich shared the inherited estates. Otto Heinrich received the Niederhof. Because of his participation in the Bohemian uprising of 1618, his belongings were confiscated by the emperor in 1622, so that the Niederhof fell to the royal chamber . Archduke Karl , the then pleasure owner of the County of Glatz, gave the Niederhof with all accessories and all rights to his court chancellor Johann Christoph Metzinger von Kaltenstein in 1623. He was married to Anna Margaretha Liesch von Hornau and in 1623 also bought the Oberhof in Niedersteine and the village of Seifersdorf. In 1625 he became Imperial Councilor. After his death in 1628 Niedersteine and Seifersdorf fell to his deceased wife's siblings. He bequeathed his Mittelsteiner Gut to the Glatzer Jesuit College on condition that it be used to support the students. In his will, he appointed his brother-in-law, Wroclaw Auxiliary Bishop Johann Balthasar Liesch von Hornau and the Glatzer dean Hieronymus Keck to the board of this foundation, which was called “Pia Causa” .
The Freirichtergut
The first known owner of the Mittelsteiner Freirichtgut was Fritz Straube in 1362, and it remained with his descendants until 1417. After numerous changes of ownership, it was acquired by Elisabeth von Ratschin in 1601, the widow of Otto Friedrich von Ratschin. It united the Freirichtergut with the Niederhof.
Piae-Causae-Hof or Lüttwitzhof
On the site of a castle that the Swedes burned down in the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the Glatzer Jesuits built a Jesuit educational institution after 1690. After the abolition of the order in 1776, the Jesuit possessions, which consisted of the Niederhof, the Freirichtergut, the Piae-Causae-Vorwerk and a free peasant estate, were acquired in 1788 by the royal Prussian Rittmeister Ferdinand Wilhelm Sigismund von Lüttwitz . He converted the educational facility into a castle again. The classicist facade decoration was created after 1840. After 1925, the Lüttwitzhof and the associated properties were again acquired by the Jesuits, who built a novitiate and retreat house here, which was known as the "St. Joseph's House". At the same time, the main building was increased by two floors.
Next to the castle, the von Lüttwitz built a court theater in 1795 , which was used as a Protestant prayer room between 1880 and 1925. After the new takeover by the Jesuits, it was converted into a house chapel after 1925. During the Nazi regime , the Jesuits were expropriated.
Attractions
- The parish church of Maria Magdalena ( Kościół Św. Marii Magdaleny ) was first mentioned in 1368. From 1558 to 1623 it served as a Protestant church. It was originally a Gothic hall church, which was rebuilt and expanded under the Jesuits in 1711 and 1738–1739. The chapels of St. Franz Xaver and the Mother of God contain frescoes by Johann Franz Hoffmann as well as figures carved in stucco. The church is surrounded by a cemetery wall with two gates.
- The rectory in the style of court architecture is from 1696.
- The Corpus Christi Church ( Kościół Bożego Ciała ) was mentioned in 1417 and rebuilt before 1520.
Personalities
- Henriette von Schuckmann , b. Freiin von Lüttwitz (1769–1799), received a marriage proposal from Goethe at the age of 21
- Adrian Gaertner (1876–1945), German mining entrepreneur
- Roland Süßmuth (* 1934), micro and molecular biologist
- Christoph Anders (* 1936), German politician of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in the German Democratic Republic (GDR)
- Adam Bałabuch (* 1961), auxiliary bishop in Świdnica (Schweidnitz)
literature
- Joseph Kögler : The chronicles of the county Glatz . Revised by Dieter Pohl . Volume 5, ISBN 3-927830-19-4 , pp. 99-126.
- Verlag Aktion Ost-West eV: The Glatzer Land . ISBN 3-928508-03-2 , pp. 73-74.
- Dehio -Manual of Art Monuments in Poland Silesia . Munich · Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-422-03109X , pp. 916-917.
- Arno Herzig , Małgorzata Ruchniewicz : History of the Glatzer Land. DOBU-Verlag et al., Hamburg et al. 2006, ISBN 3-934632-12-2 , pp. 135f., 182 and 321
