Paul Bendix spinning & weaving mill

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Paul Bendix spinning & weaving mill
legal form family business
founding 1824
as a trading company M. Bendix
resolution February 17, 1999
as Bendix GmbH & Co.
Reason for dissolution Business abandonment
Seat Dülmen GermanyGermanyGermany 
management
  • Klaus-Otto Bendix
  • Hanswerner Bendix
Number of employees 1,200 at its heyday around 1957 as the Paul Bendix spinning & weaving mill
Branch Textile industry
As of June 30, 2017

Map around 1880

The Paul Bendix spinning mill and weaving mill was a family business in the textile industry founded in 1824 in Dülmen in the Münsterland region , and around 1957 the largest employer in the Coesfeld district . The company was given up in 1993 in the fifth generation. The conversion of the Bendix site was the largest and most important urban development measure in Dülmen in recent times.

history

Robert Hall & Suns loom 1894

The first generation (1824–1867)

  • Moses Bendix (1800–1845)
  • Sara Pins (1805–1873)

With an engagement contract, Joseph Bendix from Billerbeck and Bräunchen, the widow of the Dülmen butcher Hirz Pins, agreed the marriage of his son Moses to Sara Pins on September 23, 1823. Both families were Jewish and Pins had lived in Dülmen since 1719. According to an agreement, Sara received her mother's house at Dülmener Münsterstrasse 86 and 500 thalers from her father's inheritance. Moses also received a dowry . The wedding took place on March 3, 1824 and in the same year the merchant Moses Bendix opened a linen trading business with a capital of 1,000 thalers in a house on Königstrasse (Viktorstrasse) in Dülmen, where he spun and woven yarns from Dülmen spinners and weavers at home Fabrics bought up and resold. Because homeworkers could not always pre-finance their raw materials in the crisis years after the Napoleonic Wars , Moses Bendix switched his business to a publishing system in the following years . He bought finished yarns mainly in the Bielefeld area and had the home weavers weave them into lengths of fabric for a fee. A number of additional credit transactions developed through this trading post .

Moses Bendix died on April 7, 1845. His widow Sara, who had also worked so far, took over the business and expanded it under the trading company Widow M. Bendix in the following years, mainly to real estate and credit transactions. Among other things, on April 6, 1864, she bought a house on Königstrasse, along with a pump and well, from the day laborer Josef Tombrinck at a price of 1,175 thalers, or gave loans of 1,050 thalers to the secret medical advisor Franz Wiesmann, who is known in Dülmen . According to the Münsterland local historian Wolfgang Werp: The Bendix company must have been their house bank for a number of Dülmen citizens for a long time.

The second generation (1867–1905)

Bendix warehouse erb. 1902
Mausoleum of the Bendix family inherited. 1905
  • Pins Bendix (1832–1878)
  • Leeser Bendix (1839–1882)
  • Meyer Bendix (1843-1905)
  • Sara Spanjaard (1852-1912)

Sara and Moses Bendix had nine children. Herz Bendix died at the age of one. The five daughters married and were resigned and the sons each trained as a merchant . On April 4, 1867, Sara Bendix transferred all property and property belonging to the business to Pins, Leeser and Meyer Bendix and left the company. It was the responsibility of the eldest son, Pins, to take care of their retirement benefits in return for a special benefit .

The company continued to operate as a trading company Witwe M. Bendix . With the development of industrial textile manufacture, however, under the direction of the three brothers, it changed from a trading company with a publishing system to an industrial company. Larger orders for bed linen for hospitals in the Franco-German War of 1870/71 created the economic framework for this. The Bendix family then invested their wealth from long-standing linen trading and credit business in setting up a factory. In addition to the other since 1745 befindlichem family-owned parcel 441 on Friedrichstrasse (Friedrich Ruin Road) a textile factory were to build on the Leetberge before Lüdinghauser Tor more surfaces between Friedrichstrasse and Lüdinghauser Chaussee (Lüdinghauser road) up to the riding farm (An the bet) bought up. This included an area on Wewerink-Esch (Kapellenweg) as well as corridor no.13 , parcel 437, which extends from Friedrichstrasse to Lüdinghauser Chaussee , which was bought by the Catholic parish church in 1872 for approx. 3,540 thalers, and nine parcels between no. 420 and 444 from other pre-owned properties such as the Vicar of the Kreuz Chapel or the Franz Hospital. A large weaving mill with a boiler house and storage building as well as a manufacturer's villa were built on this site from 1873 .

Sara Bendix died in 1873. In the same year Meyer Bendix married Sara Spanjaard, the daughter of the textile manufacturer from Borne in the Netherlands, known throughout Europe as SJ Spanjaard . In addition to a considerable trousseau, Meyer Bendix now had additional know-how and Europe-wide business contacts through his wife, which he used to procure state-of-the-art English looms and a 250 hp horizontal steam engine. He also hired the Dutch webmaster Egbert Knoef as operations manager . In 1876 the English machine called the steam engine and the new Robert Hall & Sons looms began operating in the new weaving mill. Around the same time, a company health insurance fund was founded at Bendix .

With the connection of Dülmen to the Wanne-Eickel-Hamburg lines on January 1, 1870 and Dortmund-Enschede 1875, which crossed not far from the company premises and whose two stations were barely 500 m away, Bendix was well connected to the rail network. A separate siding was never realized for cost reasons. In the course of the opening of the new main station, the city council planned to redesign the Lüdinghauser Chaussee leading to the station. In an agreement with the city of April 11, 1876, Meyer Bendix undertook to plant trees on Lüdinghauser Chaussee by 1877 and to provide the adjacent company premises with an elaborately designed wall. Pins Bendix died on March 28, 1878. In the same year, Bendix acquired another property, Bleiche am Butterkamp . The seller here was the Holy Spirit Poor Foundation.

From 1882 onwards, Bendix built a large number of company apartments for the workforce adjacent to the factory premises . In April 1882 Leeser Bendix also died. In an agreement dated March 23, 1883, Meyer Bendix took care of his widow. From then on, Meyer Bendix was the sole owner and ran the company together with his wife. On October 12, 1883, he had a red sheet registered with the Imperial Patent and Trademark Office as a registered trademark for woven goods from the company Wittwe M. Bendix . The company expanded its product range to include linen , half- linen and damask and in the following years continuously expanded production due to good demand. In 1881 there were 135 employees working on 130 looms, but in 1888 Bendix reported 212 workers on 274 looms to the city of Dülmen. From this time on the company operated as Wwe. M. Bendix Mechanical weaving for linen, half linen, fabric, damask etc. In addition to flax , cotton was now also processed. From 1892 to 1893 the company was expanded to include a warehouse and a chimney.

The third generation (1905–1932)

Bendix old spinning mill inherited 1907/8
Paul Bendix carded yarn spinning mill inherited in 1924
  • Charlotte Bendix (1874-1941)
  • Paul Bendix (1878-1932)

After graduating from high school, Paul Bendix, the son of Sara and Meyer Bendix, began training at Bankhaus Mayerfeld & Cie. in Frankfurt am Main . This was followed by years of apprenticeship at Robert Hall & Sons and a weaving school in Bury / Lancashire as well as in a bank in Paris. In 1898 he briefly studied law in Munich , where he began a military career in the Bavarian Army from October , which he completed in 1902 with an officer license as a reserve lieutenant . In the same year, another large warehouse was built at Bendix on Lüdinghauser Strasse. In 1904 Paul Bendix joined the family business. Meyer Bendix died on January 3, 1905. A new Jewish cemetery was then built on the Wewerink-Esch with funds from a foundation of the Bendix family and he was buried there in a mausoleum . Paul Bendix took over the management together with his mother, who remained the sole owner of the company and owner of all properties.

Mechanization and the variety of products resulting from the increasing use of cotton had led to increased competition in recent years. Paul Bendix adjusted the company to this by introducing the use of new fibers and manufacturing techniques, expanding the range and expanding the value chain with spinning and sewing . For this purpose, from 1907 onwards, he had a new building erected on the company premises for a three-cylinder worsted spinning mill with multi-stage cotton processing and a two-cylinder carded yarn spinning mill. At the same time, new steam boilers with modern firing systems were installed and the weaving mill expanded. After commissioning in 1909, Bendix became a full member of the Bremen Cotton Exchange . In the same year Paul Bendix was baptized in Kassel and officially declared his departure from the Jewish synagogue community on December 4, 1909 before the Dülmen district court .

On March 29, 1912, Sara Bendix transferred all business of the Wwe. M. Bendix company to her son Paul Bendix. She died six months later and was also buried in the family mausoleum. In 1913 Bendix had 400 employees and around half of the yarns produced in the two spinning mills were woven on 600 looms . Bendix sold yarns to weaving mills in Münsterland and its bed, table, hand and company washes were in demand worldwide. At the beginning of the First World War , Paul Bendix registered as a reserve officer in the war effort from 1914 and was represented in the company by his brother-in-law, the lawyer Martin Rosenbacher from Hamburg. Due to the war there was a shortage of raw materials in the following years and demand, especially from abroad, collapsed. The number of employees was reduced to 150 by 1918, also through conscription.

After the end of the war, Martin Rosenbacher left the company after a dispute. Paul Bendix reactivated the business despite inflation through foreign orders and the use of his own emergency money . Full capacity was quickly reached again, so that from 1922 the company could be further expanded and modernized. For this purpose, the central transmission drive was converted to an individual electric drive and a 3,000 m² new building was built, into which the carded yarn spinning mill was outsourced until 1924. The company traded under the name Spinnerei & Weberei Paul Bendix Dülmen from 1923 and was the city's largest employer with 1,100 employees. On January 18, 1924, Paul Bendix married Else Denicke, 22 years his junior, daughter of the Hamburg-Harburg mayor Heinrich Denicke . From 1928 onwards, the global economic crisis at Bendix led to a noticeable decline in sales and, as a result, to layoffs. At the time, Bendix was the largest employer in Dülmen and had 1,000 mechanical looms, 30,000 three-cylinder spindles and 11,000 two-cylinder spindles. The company exported to the USA , South Africa and Australia all over the world . Paul Bendix died on April 30, 1932 of the long-term effects of a war injury and the company was passed on to his wife Else and their four sons.

The fourth generation (1933–1982)

  • Else Bendix born Denicke (1900–1982)
  • Hans-Jürgen Bendix (1930–1941)
  • Paul-Heinz Bendix (1925-2009)
  • Wolfgang Bendix (1926-2000)
  • Klaus-Otto Bendix (1928–)

Else Bendix ordered in January 1933 with the approval of the guardianship court the businessman Hans Joachim Herbst as a representative for the minor children in addition to the attorney Knoef, Töns and driver Managing Director. In the following years the economic situation for the company became increasingly difficult. In addition to the effects of the global economic crisis, there were also currency problems that hindered the import of cotton. At the same time led to the seizure of anti-Semitism by the Nazi regime for public contracts loss and increasingly repressive measures against the company and the family because of her Jewish roots. With the beginning of World War II , Bendix found it increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of the Nazi war economy .

Nazi persecution

In 1941, at the age of eleven, Hans-Jürgen Bendix had a fatal accident on the company premises. By public order, his classmates were not allowed to attend the funeral. In 1942 a notice of closure was issued for the company. After difficult negotiations, the two-cylinder carded yarn spinning mill was allowed to continue operating on the condition that the name Paul Bendix, which was an eyesore on Dülmen , was removed from the company. The company was then aryanized internally within the family . The shares of the children, who were half-Jews according to the diction at the time, were transferred to Else Bendix and the company was renamed Spinnweberei Dülmen Denicke & Co KG in January 1943 with Else Bendix, two of her siblings and a Bremen businessman as shareholders . The other parts of the business remained closed and the buildings were used for other purposes; the large warehouse, for example, used by the Wehrmacht as a clothing store.

In 1942 Paul-Heinz and Wolfgang Bendix reported in vain, they were considered unworthy of military service, and Else Bendix submitted applications to classify the children as second degree mixed bloods under the Nuremberg Racial Laws, which led to an official medical examination for their Aryan impact in autumn 1943 led. According to the law against the overcrowding of German schools and universities of 1933, Paul Bendix's children were denied higher education. Wolfgang Bendix was expelled from school on October 15, 1942. After his mother intervened, he was awarded at least the certificate of maturity of a German high school in an external examination by a special examination board at the provincial school college in Münster . He then did an apprenticeship at the ironworks Prince Rudolph in Dülmen. In the same year Otto Bendix also left the grammar school and received commercial training in his parents' company. Paul-Heinz Bendix passed his Abitur in 1943 and began a commercial apprenticeship at the Büscher construction company in Münster. In 1944 an employee reported Else Bendix to the special court in Bielefeld and the Gestapo because of a picture of her deceased husband in her office . The proceedings were discontinued in early 1945. Thereupon another complaint went to the People's Court , which was not prosecuted until the end of the war. In September 1944 the Bendix brothers were arrested and taken to a quarry near Kassel for forced labor . From there, in March 1945, they managed to escape from deportation to a concentration camp .

The Allied bombing raid on Dülmen on March 21, 1945 only caused slight damage to the warehouse and administration building at Bendix. Shortly before the occupation by Allied troops in Easter 1945, the head of the clothing store, following Hitler's Nero orders, blew up the large warehouse. This led to considerable damage to neighboring buildings and technical facilities.

reconstruction

After the end of the Second World War, the Bendix Villa was confiscated by the American and then British occupation forces. Despite a lack of raw materials, Bendix managed to resume production with 100 employees by autumn 1945. The old corporate relationships of the Paul Bendix company were restored in 1946. Else Bendix was the owner with her three sons and continued the business with Wolfgang Bendix as managing director. Klaus-Otto Bendix made up his Abitur and began studying. After the currency reform in May 1948 , the supply of raw materials improved and domestic and international demand increased again. In 1949, Bendix employed 950 people again. Paul-Heinz Bendix left as a partner in 1950. After studying engineering and spending a year in the USA, Klaus-Otto Bendix joined the management team in 1954. Else Bendix gradually retired from management from 1957. At that time, the company was the largest employer in the Coesfeld district with 1,200 employees.

The liberalization of the world market with cheap offers from Asia and the emergence of new synthetic fibers led to adjustments at Bendix at the beginning of the 1960s. Previously, the focus was on linen by the meter , now, in line with buyers' wishes, more attractively packaged end products made from modern blended fabrics were offered. Sewing and packing were expanded and reorganized for this purpose. In addition, a dye works with laboratory and a new boiler house were built. Nevertheless, due to a lack of demand, short-time work began in 1966 and around 25% of the workforce had to be laid off. Wolfgang Bendix left the company in 1967 after disputes about the strategic direction. As a result of the high losses, Bendix applied to the Dülmen district court in 1968 to initiate settlement proceedings. With the help of a Swiss partner, Klaus-Otto Bendix was able to compare himself with the creditors and avert liquidation. The company was continued with a reduced workforce. There were carding machine purchased and Bendix concentrated in the following years on the production of special industrial yarns, one of which was exported up to 70 percent. Unprofitable manufacturing areas were shut down; so in 1979 the weaving mill, which was the origin of the company.

The fifth generation (1983-1993)

  • Hanswerner Bendix (1959–)

After Klaus-Otto Bendix was the only one of the three Bendix brothers left in the company and had taken over all the shares, his second oldest son Hanswerner joined the management team as a partner in 1980. At that time, was renamed Bendix GmbH & Co . The focus of production was on carded yarn for carpeting and sales increased again significantly. Else Bendix died in 1982. In 1984, a new carding machine was purchased in addition to the five existing ones. After falling demand for carpets from 1988 onwards again led to sales problems and financial bottlenecks, the last 75 employees were laid off on June 30, 1993 and operations were finally closed. After the company premises had been sold to the city of Dülmen, Bendix GmbH & Co was liquidated on February 17, 1999.

Bendix site

Bendix site 2014
Bendix Park with gatehouse from 1954

After the shutdown of the company in 1993, Klaus-Otto Bendix commissioned the Berlin architect Bernhard Binder to plan the conversion and marketing of the 7.34 hectare company premises under the name Wohnen im Park . The development plan drawn up for this purpose (93/5) became legally binding at the end of 1994. Ultimately, however, the Bendix family decided to sell the entire site in one place for economic reasons.

In the course of 1996, the debate about the establishment of a second high school in Dülmen led to the city's interest in acquiring the Bendix site, and it commissioned two feasibility studies. The study for a grammar school with an adjoining gym and integrated youth area by the Schmitz architectural office in Aachen and the Landesentwicklungsgesellschaft Nordrhein-Westfalen (LEG) was presented to the public on June 5, 1997 and the city ​​council passed the project resolution on June 26, 1997 to acquire the Bendix- Terrain. The city ​​of Dülmen's own property development company (GED) was founded to implement the project, which, in addition to the high school with a sports hall and youth facility in the two listed spinning mill buildings, was also supposed to develop the remaining areas for residential development that are important for the development of the southern urban area.

As a result, various subsidies were applied for, a support contract for the project was concluded with LEG, and changes to the land use plan and development plan were drawn up. After a competition, the city of Dülmen commissioned the architect Josef Paul Kleihues to convert the old spinning mill building into a school and LEG awarded development studies for the remaining site to seven architectural offices. After the approval of the Münster district government for the construction of a second grammar school had been granted in August 1997 , the GED bought the Bendix site for 8.3 million marks with a contract dated October 7, 1997 .

After the development studies were available and the appointed design committee could not agree on a winning design, the best partial solutions were selected from everything and a master plan by the architects Pfeiffer, Ellermann and Preckel used as the basis for the conception and the development plan. Up to the end of 1998, the city of Dülmen had been provided with school building subsidies from the state in the amount of almost 13 million marks, and the district government promised further urban development funding . In addition, there were urban renewal funds amounting to around 4 million marks for the accommodation of youth work facilities.

On September 10, 1998, the zoning plan and the development plan were published and became legally effective on December 31, 1998. The demolition work began on September 11, 1998 with a hall. The police building, the old Villa Bendix and other buildings followed. The groundbreaking ceremony took place on April 23, 1999 by Mayor Dorothea Hainke, Minister Ilse Brusis and City Director Heinrich Schenk. The 48 m high Bendix chimney was blown up on October 30, 1999 for safety reasons after discussions about its worth as a monument. At the suggestion of the design commission, the Coesfeld general construction company Voss + Graue was awarded the contract for the site of the former weaving mill from 1873. This built senior apartments with commercial space and renovated the listed warehouse on Lüdinghauser Strasse. From July 1999 GED offered residential building plots on the so-called site S for around 230 residential units. In the eastern part of the residential area, a structured development of terraced and semi-detached houses was created, delimited by apartment buildings . Part of the area around the demolished Villa Bendix was kept as a public park . A villa development was built on the rest of the area .

In 2000, construction work began on the new grammar school according to Kleihues' plans. Classrooms emerged from the two-cylinder woolen spinning mill and the old three-cylinder worsted yarn spinning mill from 1909 became a gym. The space between the two structures was covered with a glass structure. The topping-out ceremony was held on September 29, 2000. At the same time, at the request of the Bendix family, the city council agreed on the name Annette-von-Droste-Hülshoff-Gymnasium , after Else Bendix was favored as the namesake for a while. At the beginning of the 2001/2002 school year, the new school building was ready to move into. As one of the last building measures, the boiler house built in 1963 was renovated and converted in 2003.

The total investment amounted to approx. 80 million euros , 29 million of which were for the school building alone. The project was the largest in the city of Dülmen since the reconstruction of the inner city after 1945.

Trivia

  • A 40-year legal dispute with a litigation community broke out about the property on Butterkamp acquired in 1878, which demanded that Bendix should replace usage rights. In 1920 they agreed on a severance payment of 500 marks .
  • For many years, railway wagons were transported on road scooters across the streets to the Bendix site.
  • During the inflation of 1921/23 Paul Bendix brought out his own bank notes for his workforce, the so-called Paul Bendix money , which could be used as a means of payment in Dülmen.
  • The son of the first manager, Egbert Knoef, was an authorized signatory at Bendix in 1933.
  • For her services to the company, especially during the Nazi era, Else Bendix was the first woman in Dülmen to receive the Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class on April 23, 1966 .
  • The Paul Bendix lettering can be found on the tower of the Annette-von-Droste-Hülshoff-Gymnasium to this day, due to the historical significance of the distance.
  • As part of an archive pedagogy exercise offered by the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster in the winter semester 2010/2011 , students from the Annette-von-Droste-Hülshoff-Gymnasium examined the work of young people in industry around 1960 using Bendix files in the Dülmen city archive.
  • After leaving the company, Paul-Heinz Bendix became an art collector and gained notoriety through the legal dispute over the acquisition of the painting Two Black Spots (1926) by Wassily Kandinsky .

Historical traces

  • Villa Bendix: Lüdinghauser Straße, built around 1873. Vacant from 1975 and demolished in 1999. Today the Bendixpark is located on the site at Fehrbelliner Platz. Essential design features such as a striking water basin, staircases, retaining and quarry stone walls as well as the edging remained recognizable to the viewer and are intended to remind of the former development.
  • Weaving mill: Friedrich-Ruin-Straße / Lüdinghauser Straße, built in 1872 and expanded around 1910. Was demolished and today there are old people's apartments, commercial buildings and a parking lot on the site.
  • Wall: Lüdinghauser Straße, built around 1877. The last part in front of the warehouse disappeared in 2002.
  • Warehouse: Lüdinghauser Straße, built in 1902 in the neo-renaissance style , later expanded to include the dye works, probably in 1960. Today it is a listed building , the annex, which can still be seen on pictures from 2000, was demolished.
  • Mausoleum of the Bendix family: On the Dülmen Jewish cemetery , built in 1905. Today it is a listed building.
  • Spinning mill: Friedrich-Ruin-Straße 35, built in 1907/1908 in the neoclassical style according to plans by the renowned industrial architect Arend Gerrit Beltman as a double-mill Lancashire type (Fireproof-flooring Patent Stott) with a striking sprinkler tower. Concrete construction according to Mathias Koenen , one of the founders of reinforced concrete construction , listed as a historical monument.
  • Carded yarn spinning mill: Friedrich-Ruin-Strasse 35, built in 1924 in the New Building style , listed as a historical monument. Rebuilt together with the spinning mill from 1907 according to plans by Josef Paul Kleihues . Has housed the Annette-von-Droste-Hülshoff-Gymnasium and the Neue Spinnerei youth center since 2001 .
  • Bendix chimney : Fehrbelliner Platz, built around 1910 and increased to 48 m in 1922, was blown up on October 30, 1999 for safety reasons after discussions about its worth as a monument and checking its stability.
  • Bendix company apartments: From 1882, a total of 189 company apartments were built on Hohen Strasse, Windmühlenberg, Kreuzweg, Wette, Dalweg and Hange.
  • Gatehouse: Lüdinghauser Straße, built in 1954. It has been preserved as a playhouse in Bendixpark to this day.
  • Old boiler house: Fehrbelliner Platz, built around 1960. After conversion, today the seat of the Coesfeld district economic development and the Rasselbande day-care center .
  • Memorial in front of the Hermann Leeser School on Nonnenwall in Dülmen by the sculptor Joachim Berthold was donated by Else Bendix in 1960.
  • Villa Bendix: Kapellenweg built according to plans by the Berlin architect Bernhard Binder
  • For Pins Bendix's eight children, there are the four stumbling blocks of Max Bendix's family in Dülmen and that of Consul Albert Bendix's in Cologne , who killed himself after fleeing to Holland because of the impending deportation. Julius-Max Bendix was murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp in 1944 . His brother Josef Bendix died in 1904 in German South West Africa in the battle of Owikokorero .
  • Regarding Meyer Bendix's children, there is a stumbling block in Hamburg for Charlotte Rosenbacher, Paul Bendix's sister, whose trace is lost in 1941 after her deportation.

literature

  • Hugo Lucian Meyer: Paul Bendix Dülmen. 1824-1949. Ed .: Heinrich Weskamp. Ziegler Beckmann Art Print, Cologne 1949.
  • Paul Bendix (1878–1932) and his family . In: Toni Pierenkemper, Hans-Jürgen Teuteberg (Ed.): Rheinisch-Westfälische Wirtschaftsbiographien. tape 16 .. Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Münter 1996, p. 237-252 .
  • Wolfgang Werp: The textile company Bendix in Dülmen . In: Dülmener Heimatblätter . Issue 1, 2003, pp. 185 ff .
  • Hartmut Bartmuß: Joseph Bendix: Government architect , engineer and officer in German South West Africa . In: Jewish miniatures . tape 168 . Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-95565-094-0 ( namibiana.de - excerpt).
  • Dorothee Kraske: Portrait of the Paul Bendix company . In: Körber Foundation (Ed.): Körber Archive . GW 2005-0622, 2005.
  • Work and life . Bendix, Dülmen (1953 to 1967 appearing fortnightly company magazine).

Web links

Commons : Textilunternehmen Bendix (Dülmen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Wolfgang Werp: On the history of the Dülmen textile industry . In: Dülmener Heimatblätter . Issue 2, 2002 ( heimatverein-duelmen.de ).
  2. ↑ a b c Bendix premises. In: City Archives. City of Dülmen, accessed on July 5, 2017 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Wolfgang Werp: The textile company Bendix in Dülmen . In: Dülmener Heimatblätter . Issue 1, 2003 ( heimatverein-duelmen.de ).
  4. ↑ a b c d e Gertrud Althoff: History of the Jews in Olfen . LIT Verlag Münster, 2000, ISBN 978-3-8258-4662-6 , p. 157 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ a b c d Charlotte Rosenbacher, b. Bendix. In: Stolpersteine ​​Hamburg. State Center for Political Education, accessed on July 3, 2017 .
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Paul Heinz BENDIX. In: Coesfeld local family book. Verein für Computergenealogie eV, accessed on July 14, 2017 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l City of Dülmen (Hrsg.): Rationale for the Bendix development plan . 1998, p. 2 ff . ( Download ).
  8. ↑ a b c The Bendix site. In: A walk through the city. City of Dülmen, accessed on July 10, 2017 .
  9. ↑ a b aerial photo of Dülmen. City of Dülmen, 2000, accessed on July 16, 2017 .
  10. ↑ a b c Ortwin Bickhove-Swiderski: Dülmen under the swastika . Neue Impulse Verlag, Essen 2012, ISBN 978-3-910080-76-8 , p. 238 .
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Wolfgang Werp: The new urban district Bendix in Dülmen . In: Dülmener Heimatblätter . Issue 2, 2003 ( heimatverein-duelmen.de ).
  12. ↑ Bendix site: development completed. In: Dülmener Zeitung . April 7, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2017 .
  13. ^ Christiane Artmann: Work by young people in industry around 1960 - a learning sequence in the Dülmen city archive . In: LWL archive office for Westphalia (ed.): Archive maintenance in Westphalia-Lippe . No. 76 , 2012, ISSN  0171-4058 , p. 8th ff . ( lwl.org [PDF]).
  14. ↑ Anette Hipp: Protection of cultural assets in Germany . Walter de Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 978-3-11-090817-6 , pp. 172 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  15. ↑ Heinz Bråthe: Jewish Cemeteries in Dülmen . In: Dülmener Heimatblätter . Volume 1/2, 1988, pp. 6-9 .
  16. ^ Ronald Stenvert: Gerrit Beltman - Textielgebouwen in Nederland en Duitsland . In: Westfälisches Industriemuseum (Ed.): Sidney Stott and the English spinning mill in Münsterland and Twente . Klartext Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-89861-458-1 , p. 32 ff. + 111 ff . ( lwl.org [PDF]).
  17. ↑ Conversion of Droste-Hülshoff-Gymnasium Dülmen. In: Baukunst NRW. Chamber of Architects North Rhine-Westphalia, accessed on July 5, 2017 .
  18. ^ Dülmen, conversion of a boiler house. In: LWL Bau-Kultur-Portal. Regional Association Westphalia-Lippe , accessed on July 7, 2017 .
  19. ↑ deposit Bråthe, No. 9. In: Archive of North Rhine-Westphalia. Retrieved July 14, 2017 .
  20. ↑ Kreuzweg 133: Friederike, Regina, Bernhard and Walter Bendix. In: Stolpersteine ​​in Dülmen. Hermann-Leeser-Schule, accessed on July 14, 2017 .
  21. ^ Institute for Contemporary History (Ed.): German Reich 1933-1937 (The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933-1945) . reprint edition. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-70871-4 , p. 729 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 36 ″  N , 7 ° 17 ′ 15 ″  E