Stettiner Steamship Company JF Braeunlich

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The Stettin Steamship company J. F. Braeunlich was an existing 1852-1995 German Baltic - shipping company , which in the coastal resort service in Pomerania , on the mail steamer line Sassnitz - Trelleborg , when in service Bornholm , Trelleborg and Copenhagen , and after the First World War in the naval service Prussia active was.

history

founding

In 1851 gave Szczecin entrepreneur Carl Julius Ferdinand Braeunlich at the shipyard Früchtenicht & Brock , from 1857, the Szczecin engineering Actien Society Vulcan was an iron Seitenraddampfer in order. It was the first construction contract for the two Hamburg engineers, Fruchtchtenicht and Brock, who had just founded their shipyard in Stettin-Bredow. The ship delivered in 1852, the 35-meter-long Dievenow , was the first iron sea-going ship built in Prussia . It was named after the seaside resort of Dievenow and the river of the same name. With the commissioning of the Dievenow , the JF Braeunlich shipping company was founded. With the Dievenow , Braeunlich began the first regular service between Stettin and Swinoujscie . The success prompted him to build two more side paddle steamers of similar size at AG Vulcan in 1857 with the Princess Royal Victoria and in 1859 with the Misdroy .

expansion

The flourishing of the seaside resort on the Pomeranian Islands led to a rather rapid expansion of Braeunlich's shipping company and the places it served. In quick succession the Nymph (1863), the Najade (1864), the Nixe (1864) and the Wolliner Greif (1865) joined the Braeunlich fleet, which is now not only on the Szczecin Lagoon , but also on the islands of Usedom and Wollin drove.

Ballin & Brownish

In 1890 a short cooperation began with the young Hamburg shipowner Albert Ballin , who with his Ballins Dampfschiff-Rhederei Gesellschaft had financially taken over the purchase of the two paddle steamers Freia and Cuxhaven , which is why he founded the Stettiner Seebäder shipping company Ballin & Braeunlich with Braeunlich and his two ships brought in there. Ballin & Braeunlich drove from Stettin via Swinoujscie (as home port ), to Misdroy , Ahlbeck , Heringsdorf and Zinnowitz . Trips to the island of Rügen were also planned . The sinking of the Cuxhaven in July 1891, however, meant the end of this collaboration between Ballin and Braeunlich. The Freia drove for Braeunlich until 1929 and was then scrapped.

Sassnitz – Trelleborg mail steamer line

Braeunlich continued to expand on the Baltic Sea, and in 1896 the J. F. Braeunlich shipping company became the Stettiner Dampfschiffs-Gesellschaft J. F. Braeunlich GmbH .

From 1897 Braeunlich participated together with the Swedish shipping company Sverige-Kontinenten of the brothers Wallenberg in the mail steamship connection to Sweden , between Sassnitz and Trelleborg . Trelleborg had a railway connection in 1875 and Sassnitz in 1891 , and Braeunlich was very interested in the establishment of a mail steamer line between the two ports and his own participation. His Freia made its first test run on the route on June 3, 1891 , but it was almost six years before the line was set up. On April 29, 1897, the Freia brought the Swedish guests of honor, including Foreign Minister Count Ludvig Vilhelm August Douglas and the former Interior Minister and now General Director of the Swedish Post Office, Julius Edvard von Krusenstjerna, to Sassnitz. You and the corresponding German dignitaries, like the Prussian "Minister of Railways" Karl von Thielen , drove the next day on the Swedish Rex to Trelleborg, accompanied by the cruiser SMS Gefion of the Imperial Navy . Scheduled operations began on May 1, 1897. In addition to the Freia , the Braeunlich steamers Imperator , Germania , Odin and Hertha as well as the Swedish steamships Rex (until they stranded in February 1900), Svea and Nordstjernan (from May 1900) on the Sverige continents operated on the line. When the Svea was to be taken out of service in 1907 due to lengthy repairs, the Swedish postal administration canceled its contract with the Sverige continents and instead signed the newly founded shipping company Sverige-Tyskland from Malmö , which worked with the Princess Margareta and the Prins Gustaf Adolf entered the mail steamer line.

In 1909 the mail steamer connection was replaced by the new railway ferries on the so-called royal line Sassnitz – Trelleborg, which Sweden and the German Empire had agreed to set up in the contract of November 15, 1907. With the commissioning of the ferries Prussia and Germany on the German side and Drottning Victoria and Konung Gustav V on the Swedish side, the Braeunlich-Reederei's mail steamer service became superfluous, and they received adequate financial compensation. The Odin then operated on the Stettin– Binz route until 1914 , while the Hertha operated in the seaside resort and excursion traffic.

Icebreaker fleet

From 1889, the shipping company created a second mainstay, which was particularly important for the winter months. On behalf of the Szczecin Merchants' Association and the Szczecin Chamber of Commerce, she managed their icebreakers , which enabled shipping in winter, otherwise threatened by icing, on the lagoon, in the Achterwasser and Szczecin ports, on the Swine and Peene rivers and on the Baltic Sea. The first two steamships commissioned and financed from the Vulcan shipyard by the Chamber of Commerce for this purpose were the Stettin and the Swinoujscie , both of which were launched in November 1888. Since it almost immediately proved to be too small and not able to cope with the growing demand, the Berlin was launched in December 1889 , with 439 GRT and 900 hp, more than twice as powerful as its predecessor. Soon after the turn of the century, the Pomeranians and Prussians followed and finally in 1933 the new Stettin , all three built by the Stettiner Oderwerke . The technical staff of the bath ships switched to the five icebreakers in autumn and did not have to be dismissed. They found the same machinery on the icebreakers that they were familiar with from the seaside resort ships.

First World War

With the outbreak of World War I , excursion traffic on the Baltic Sea came to an end. The Braeunlich ships, like most of the seaside resort ships on the North Sea, were requisitioned by the Imperial Navy and used as auxiliary ships . The Imperator served as an auxiliary hospital ship “D”, the Freia as a tender, and the Odin with the designation auxiliary scatter steamer “A” as a mine ship on the Baltic Sea. The Hertha was initially converted into an auxiliary hospital ship "E", but then not put into service as such, but after renewed conversion, from September 1914 also used as an auxiliary mine ship. The new Rügen , which was only put into service in May 1914, was also used as an auxiliary mine ship.

New beginning and sea service in East Prussia

After the end of the war, a slow new beginning began with three ships that were received back from the navy and remained with the shipping company. The two old ships Freia and Hertha were returned to Braeunlich and did not have to be handed over to the victorious powers. The Imperator was delivered to France on March 14, 1919 as reparation payment . The Rügen and the Odin had to be delivered to Great Britain on March 14, 1919 , but remained in Stettin and could be bought back by the shipping controller in London in 1919 and 1920 respectively ; However, the Rügen was sold to the Stettin-Rigaer Dampfschiffs-Gesellschaft (RC Gribel) as early as 1921 and, after renovation work, was used by them in passenger service between Stettin and Helsinki and the Baltic States , especially in the summer months .

The Freia drove for Braeunlich between Stettin and Swinoujscie until 1929, when it was sold to the Netherlands for scrapping in 1929 . The replacement for the Freia was the Frigga (ex Germany ) bought by the Swinemünder Dampfschiffahrts-AG , which was used between Stettin and Swinemünde. The Odin and Hertha drove from November 1920 for the East Prussian sea service on the Swinoujscie - Pillau line . The Hertha was also used for occasional trips to Bornholm and Copenhagen . As the Ministry of Transport was built in 1926 two of its own, much larger ships for the naval service East Prussia, it handed over the Prussians to ship management to Braeunlich, the Hanseatic city of Gdansk to the North German Lloyd .

The last new building of the shipping company was the Rugard , which was put into service in 1927 , which was used in the seaside resort service between Stettin and Rügen , especially Binz and Saßnitz , but also made trips on the Stettin – Rügen – Bornholm line and to Copenhagen .

In 1928 Braeunlich took over the majority in the Swinemünder Dampfschiffahrts-Aktien-Gesellschaft (SwiDAG), although its name was formally retained. In 1935, the SwiDAG completely became the property of Braeunlich, and with it the Seebäderschiff Berlin .

Second World War

After the beginning of the Second World War , Braeunlich's ships, with the exception of the two old icebreakers Swinoujscie and Berlin from 1889 , were again drafted for war purposes.

The Navy requisitioned the Odin in September 1939 and assigned it to the submarine school (U-Schule) in Neustadt as a target and security ship. From 1942 she was used as a ship on the so-called AGRU Front stationed in Hela . For reasons that are not clear, it sank on August 7, 1944 during a shooting training mission in the Bay of Danzig .

The Prussians were also requisitioned in September 1939 and converted into a mine ship. They came on July 9, 1941 Öland to a Swedish mine barrier , received a mine strike and then by her crew scuttled .

The Rugard was used from September 1939 as the flagship of the leader of the minesweepers East (FdM Ost) and later the commander of the security of the Baltic Sea . From 1942 she served as a tender for the 31st minesweeping flotilla. On May 8, 1945, she left the Hela peninsula as the last ship of the Navy with around 1,500 refugees on board and reached the Kiel Fjord on the morning of May 10 . In 1946 it was delivered to the Soviet Union as a reparation payment .

The Hertha served from October 1939 as a residential and target ship for the 23rd U-Flotilla in Danzig , a training unit in which the commanders' shooting course was carried out. She was extradited to Great Britain after the end of the war. It sailed under the Greek flag as Heimara from 1946 and sank on January 19, 1947 in fog around 05:40 after grounding on the Derakotos reef and a boiler explosion northwest of the island of Parthenopi in the southern Gulf of Evia between Aghia Marina on Attica and Nea Styra on Evia . More than 380 passengers and crew members were killed. Due to bad weather at Cavo Doro (southern tip of Evia), the captain had chosen the route from Saloniki to Piraeus through the Gulf of Evia via the city of Chalkis .

The Frigga was requisitioned in December 1939, converted into a submarine escort ship and diving training ship, and used as a navigation training ship in Gotenhafen under the name Zenith . After the war, it was delivered to the Soviet Union in March 1946 as reparation.

Post war years and end

As a result of the war, the shipping company not only lost almost all of its ships, but also its headquarters in Stettin and its traditional shipping area in the Baltic Sea with the new border being drawn. The headquarters of the shipping company, now registered as the shipping company J. F. Braeunlich KG , was first relocated to Lübeck and in 1956 to Hamburg . In 1952, a new ship, the 1760 GRT motor freighter Melilla , was put into service, but a successful new beginning proved to be no longer feasible. In February 1995 the company's entry in the commercial register at the Hamburg District Court was deleted.

Routes traveled

literature

  • Jürgen F. Braeunlich: Bath steamers on the Baltic Sea: the Braeunlich shipping company and its fleet. Koehler, Hamburg 1999, ISBN 3-7822-0770-X
  • Helmut Lassnig: J. F. Braeunlich - A Stettiner shipping company. Elbe-Spree-Verlag, Hamburg / Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-931129-21-7
  • Claus Rothe: German seaside ships. 1830 to 1939. In: Library of Ship Types. transpress publishing house for transport, Berlin 1989, p. 88, ISBN 3-344-00393-3
  • Wulf Krentzien: The Sassnitz-Trelleborg line in old views. European Library, Zaltbommel 1997, ISBN 978-90-288-6383-5

Web links

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ The Dievenow in 1900
  2. ^ AG Vulcan Stettin, building number 14, broken up in 1902
  3. ^ AG Vulcan Stettin, building number 19, broken up in 1911
  4. ↑ Pictures of the first three Braeunlich ships
  5. ↑ With the exception of the Wolliner Greif , which was built by Möller & Holberg in Grabow , all other new additions came from AG Vulcan Stettin . ( http://oceania.pbworks.com/w/page/8475936/Vulcan%20AG )
  6. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.insel-usedom.net
  7. ↑ After the twin screw steamer Odin was commissioned , the side paddle steamer Germania bought in 1898 was sold for demolition in 1902.
  8. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.insel-usedom.net
  9. ↑ http://www.ffektaomfartyg.se/prinsessan_margareta_1907.htm
  10. ↑ http://www.ffektaomfartyg.se/prince_edward_1897.htm
  11. ↑ Statens Järnvägar Färjerederiet (Swedish)
  12. ↑ http://www.ffektaomfartyg.se/rederi_ab_sverige_kontinenten.htm (swed.)
  13. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from November 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.insel-usedom.net
  14. ↑ The Swinemünde was sold to Stralsund in 1927 and the Stettin was then renamed Swinemünde . This gave the name Stettin free for the icebreaker Stettin , built in 1933 , which is now a museum ship in Hamburg's Oevelgönne museum harbor .
  15. ^ Helmut Lassnig: JF Braeunlich - A Stettiner shipping company. Elbe-Spree-Verlag, Hamburg / Berlin, 1999, ISBN 3-931129-21-7
  16. ↑ Hans-Albert van der Heyden: The development of the icebreaker in Germany, area Baltic Sea. Steffen Verlag , Friedland (Mecklenburg) , 2005, ISBN 3-937669-61-2
  17. ^ Alfred Berger: The Stettiner Eisbrecher 1889-1939. Festschrift for the 50th anniversary of the icebreaker administration of the industrial u. Chamber of Commerce in Stettin on January 3, 1939, published by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry / Eisbrecherverwaltung, Leon Sauniers Buchhandlung, Stettin, 1938
  18. ^ Image of the Prussians
  19. ^ Andreas Westphalen: Steam icebreaker Stettin and the German sea icebreaker. Hauschild, Bremen, 2008, ISBN 3-89757-422-5
  20. ↑ The AGRU Front (training group for front submarines) was a training unit formed in September 1941, in which new submarines and their crews with experienced submarine engineers and boatmen practiced all possible failures.
  21. ↑ http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/km/mboote/fdm.htm
  22. ↑ Renamed Ilya Repin , she drove until 1959.
  23. ↑ There it was used as the Orion until it was removed from Lloyd's Register in 1960 .
  24. ↑ The Melilla (call sign DKJT, IMO-Nr. 5231642) expired on September 8, 1952 with the hull number 449 in Lübeck engineering company in Luebeck from the stack and was delivered on November 7, 1952 Braeunlich. She was 85.5 m long and 13.3 m wide, had a draft of 5.8 m and was measured at 1706  GRT . Two diesel engines with a total of 2400  hp gave a top speed of 18  knots . The ship could take up to eight passengers. The crew consisted of 27 men. The Melilla was managed by the Oldenburg-Portugiesische Dampfschiffs-Rhederei (OPDR). In 1971 she was sold to the Hercules Shipping Co. in Monrovia ( Liberia ), then on to the Sea Rover Shipping Co. in Piraeus ( Greece ), which renamed the ship Giannis K. and in 1979 Georgios A. The ship was scrapped in 1981. (Helmut Jänecke: Five years before the mast . BoD - Books on Demand, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7322-3274-1 , p. 104 ( limited preview in Google Book search). )