Stiehr and Mockers (organ builders)
The Stiehr and Mockers families were important organ builders in Alsace ( France ). Their workshop existed in Seltz for four generations from around 1780 to 1926 . More than 250 new organs of the family are occupied.
history
The founder of the organ builder family Michael Stiehr (1750-1829) came from Kürnach near Würzburg and settled in Seltz in 1777. His first marriage was to Elisabeth Lang († 1824). From this marriage went as a third child
- Joseph Stiehr (1792–1867), whose sons also became organ builders:
- Marc Stiehr (1826 – after 1878) emigrated to Chile;
- Léon Stiehr (1840–1891) stayed in the family workshop in Seltz;
- Edouard Stiehr (1842–1879) stayed in the family workshop in Seltz;
- Louis Joseph Stiehr (1853–1936) worked at Cavaillé-Coll , later at Blési in Nancy, then at Jacquot-Jeanpierre in Rambervilliers, and finally sold pianos.
- Xavery Mockers (1780–1861) worked for Michael Stiehr from 1804 and married his eldest daughter, Maria Juliana Stiehr (1788–1852) in 1807. Two of her sons also became organ builders:
- François Joseph Mockers (1815-1833)
- Felix Mockers (1818–1881), whose two sons in turn continued the workshop:
- Joseph Mockers (1849-1883);
- Louis Mockers (1859-1926). With him the organ building ended in 1926.
- Ferdinand Stiehr (1803–1872) was the third child from Michael's marriage to Juliana von Hatten. Two of his children also became organ builders:
- Louis Stiehr (1835-1856)
- Théodore Stiehr (1848–1925) worked as an organ builder until 1896.
- Xavier Stiehr (1806–1873) was the fourth child from Michael's marriage to Juliana von Hatten. Followed him
- Auguste Stiehr (1837-1887).
The family business worked together until around 1860. Ferdinand and Xavier then separated from their father's business as the Stiehr and Stiehr Frères brothers . This second workshop was continued by Auguste and Théodore Stiehr until 1896. The parent company Stiehr-Mockers existed under Léon Stiehr and finally under Louis Mockers in the fourth generation until 1926.
Their sphere of activity was almost exclusively in Lower Alsace . In the Upper Rhine 15 instruments were as delivered, few instruments in the Pfalz, only to Lorraine, not in the rest of France , not for swimming , not in the Saarland .
Architectural style
Michael Stiehr took over the Alsatian tradition from Johann Andreas Silbermann , with two-manual organs with main work , Rückpositiv and pedal . In larger organs there is an echo with half the keyboard . He built hanging action , the distance between the main and positive case is about 1.20 m. There is only a manual slide coupler on couplers, but no pedal coupler.
The register fund corresponds to tradition: In the main work there is a principal choir in 8 ', 4' and 2 ' positions as well as a mixture . A cymbal is no longer built. There are also Bourdon 8 ′, Flute 4 ′, Nazard, Terz, Cornet from c 1 and trumpet - sometimes with bass and treble division - occasionally Voix humaine. The Rückpositiv is also marked with a Nazard and a third and also has a cromhorn (Cromorne). Gamba 8 ′ and 4 ′, Salicional 8 ′ and 4 ′ and occasionally flûte traversière 8 ′ are added to the new registers compared to the Silbermann tradition. The 4 'flutes are built as a reed flute, pointed flute or night horn. The rear pedal mechanism often only has 13 to 18 tones, but is more often equipped with Bombarde 16 ′ than with Silbermann. At first there is hardly any open 16 'register. Usually there are subbass 16 ′, flute (octave bass) 8 ′ and trumpet 8 ′.
After 1830 the thirds and the mixture in the Rückpositiv disappear. More and more often, the Krummhorn is supplemented or completely replaced by Basson-Hautbois. Gemshorn (Cor de Chamois) 8 ′ and Flûte pointue 4 ′ are new additions. A Clairon 4 ′ is back in fashion. The division into bass and treble is no longer necessary. The pedal work is supplemented by violoncello 8 'and has 25 keys in larger organs.
From 1840 open hollow flutes (Flûte majeure) 8 ′ made of wood appeared, the Flûte traversière then moved into the Rückpositiv. Occasionally the Rückpositiv is designed as an upper work. In the pedal, violonbass 16 'is sometimes also available.
Stiehr's first swell plant was built in Bischoffsheim in 1848 - just ten years after Aristide Cavaillé-Coll . The Salicional of the side manual is now called Jeu céleste , but it is not floating. The bombarde is now called the ophicléide , and the pedal trumpet is called the trombone . Principal 8 'appears more and more often in the positive.
After Barr , the largest organ from Stiehr with three manuals and 43 registers was delivered in 1852. She receives two manual couplers as trains, but still no pedal coupler. During this time, resounding tongues are only being built on a trial basis; it is better to hold onto the Voix humaine. Introductory steps for forte and piano occur occasionally.
The first pedal coupler was built around 1860. But this will not become the standard. Most organs now have an upper work or swell work. Its blinds cannot be adjusted continuously, but are either fully opened or fully closed using a foot hook.
Even after 1870, the tradition was stuck to: slider chests, whenever possible Rückpositiv with 2 ′ and in the main work Mixtur, Cornet from c 1 and trumpet, 18 notes in the pedal, no pedal coupler, and a built-in play cabinet with hanging action. In 1878 the last organ with Rückpositiv was delivered, in 1883 there was the first free-standing console in Zilling . Only after 1890 did Cornet and 2 ′ disappear. The cone chest was never introduced, pneumatics were completely dispensed with: the organs remained mechanical.
The last organ was delivered in 1897. Louis Mockers kept himself afloat for almost 30 years with repairs and maintenance and also ran agriculture.
Works by the Stiehr and Mockers families (selection)
The list of works by Michael Stiehr see here .
In the fifth column, the Roman number indicates the number of manuals , a capital "P" indicates an independent pedal and the Arabic number in the penultimate column indicates the number of sounding registers . The last column lists special features and additional web links on the left.
year | place | building | image | Manuals | register | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1835 | Willgottheim | St-Maurice | I / P | 16 | On the side, almost completely preserved, under monument protection. | |
1835 | Dettwiller | St-Jacques | II / P | 24 | With Sifflet 1 'in the main work, almost completely preserved, under monument protection. | |
1835 | Dinsheim-sur-Bruche | Sts-Simon-et-Jude | II / P | 25th | Reconstructed by Koenig after a fire. | |
1837 | Seltz | St-Etienne | III / P | 39 | not received | |
1837 | Nordheim | St-Paul | II / P | 22nd | Receive. | |
1841 | Hochfelden | Sts-Pierre-et-Paul | II / P | 26th | Fully preserved, under monument protection. | |
1842 | Candelabra | Protestant Church | II / P | 32 | First neo-Gothic case. Restored in 2020 by Yves Koenig, preserved. | |
1843 | Romanswiller | Église protestante | II / P | 21st | Received changed. | |
1845 | Wings | St-Barthélémy | II / P | 27 | Preserved changed, under monument protection. | |
1847 | Langensoultzbach | Église protestante | II / P | 27 | Preserved, under monument protection. | |
1848 | Hoerdt | Église protestante | II / P | 31 | Very well preserved, under monument protection. | |
1848 | Bischoffsheim | Ste-Aurélie | III / P | 37 | Restored by Koenig, under monument protection. | |
1849 | Soufflenheim | St-Michel | II / P | 31 | Greatly changed. Today's organ by Gaston Kern is based on Stiehr's style. | |
1850 | Kirchheim | Ste-Trinité | II / P | 21st | Restored by Guerrier in 2006. | |
1850 | Neuwiller-lès-Saverne | St-Adelphe | II / P | 26th | Restored in 1985 by Gaston Kern , a listed building. | |
1852 | Barr | Église protestante | III / P | 43 | Preserved, under monument protection. | |
1852 | Orschwiller | St-Maurice | II / P | 24 | Preserved, under monument protection. | |
1853 | Riquewihr | Ste-Marguerite prot. | III / P | 35 | In a housing by Christian Langes (1783), restored by Muhleisen , under monument protection. | |
1853 | Riedisheim | St-Afre | II / P | 27 | Preserved slightly changed, under monument protection. | |
1857 | Gunstett | St-Michel | II / P | 25th | Preserved little changed. | |
1857 | Modern | Église protestante | II / P | 28 | Preserved little changed. | |
1853 | Helfrantzkirch | St-Barthélémy | II / P | 28 | Very well preserved, restored by Alfred Kern , under monument protection. | |
1859 | Wipe | St-Michel | II / P | 30th | In 1873 a swell by Théodore Jaquot was added, otherwise well preserved, listed as a historical monument. | |
1860 | Rosheim | St-Etienne | III / P | 42 | Rebuilt by Rinckenbach in 1926, a listed building. | |
1861 | Schillersdorf | Église protestante | II / P | 28 | Received changed. | |
1863 | Waldolwisheim | St-Pancrace | II / P | 23 | In the case of Andreas Silbermann from Rosheim , preserved modified. | |
1865 | Urmatt | Ste-Croix | II / P | 23 | With upper work, preserved. | |
1865 | Grendelbruch | Sts-Philippe-et-Jacques | II / P | 27 | With swell, preserved. | |
1866 | La Robertsau | Église protestante | II / P | 26th | With swell, preserved little changed, under monument protection. | |
1866 | Illkirch-Grafenstaden | St symphories | II / P | 33 | With Schwellwerk, 1975 extended by a positive return from Gaston Kern , otherwise preserved. | |
1867 | Beblenheim | Église protestante | II / P | 20th | With positive inside, restored by Antoine Bois. | |
1867 | Bischwiller | Église protestante | III / P | 35 | Reconstruction and extension of the organ by Andreas Silbermann , restored by Alfred Kern , under monument protection. | |
1869 | Ottersthal | Ste-Marie-Auxiliatrice | II / P | 24 | Almost unchanged. | |
1869 | Heiligenberg | St. Vincent | II / P | 25th | With Oberwerk and Voix humaine, replaced by a new building in 1906. | |
1870 | Mollkirch | St-Joseph | II / P | 21st | With swell, restored by Muhleisen . | |
1870 | Riedseltz | St-Jacques-majeur | II / P | 20th | Preserved little changed, under monument protection. | |
1871 | Emergency stop | St-Michel | II / P | 24 | Almost unchanged. | |
1872 | Matzenheim | St-Sigismond | II / P | 22nd | With swell, preserved. | |
1874 | Logelbach | Bienheureuse Vierge Marie | II / P | 19th | With swell, preserved. | |
1876 | Hersbach | Imaculée Conception | II / P | 18th | With swell, preserved almost unchanged, under monument protection. | |
1876 | Wickersheim-Wilshausen | Eglise protestante | II / P | 19th | With swell, preserved. | |
1877 | Lampertheim | Eglise protestante | II / P | 25th | Preserved little changed. | |
1877 | People's home | St-Barthélémy | II / P | 24 | With Rückpositiv, restored by Alfred Kern , under monument protection. | |
1878 | Uhlwiller | Sts-Pierre-et-Paul | II / P | 26th | The last organ with Rückpositiv, preserved almost unchanged. | |
1878 | Munchhausen | St-Pantaléon | II / P | 26th | With swell, restored by Koenig. | |
1882 | Muhlbach-sur-Bruche | Notre-Dame-de-l'Assumption | II / P | 19th | Without 2 'register, preserved unchanged. | |
1881 | Orschwihr | St-Nicolas | II / P | 26th | Preserved unchanged, under monument protection. | |
1886 | Barembach | St-Georges | II / P | 25th | Replaced by a new building in 1902. | |
1894 | Schweighouse-sur-Moder | St-Jacques-Majeur | II / P | 16 | With a free-standing gaming table, little changed. | |
1897 | Westhouse | St-Matthieu | II / P | 21st | With free-standing gaming table. This last organ from Stiehr remained unchanged except for the prospect pipes. |
literature
- Pie Meyer-Siat: Stiehr-Mockers. Facteurs d'orgues. Haguenau 1972.
Web links
- decouverte.orgue.free.fr: Organ building families Stiehr and Mockers (French)
Individual evidence
-
↑ See: Pie Meyer-Siat: Historical organs in Alsace. Munich 1983. p. 26.
See: http://decouverte.orgue.free.fr/stiehr.htm , accessed on April 22, 2020 - ↑ To Beblenheim , Bretten , Colmar (St-Matthieu), Colmar-Logelbach, Didenheim , Guewenheim , Helfrantzkirch , Orbey , Orschwihr , Riedisheim , Riquewihr , Schlierbach , Stetten , Willer and Zillisheim
-
↑ To Ingenheim (1779), Neuburg am Rhein (1786), Rheinzabern (1789) and Kandel (1842).
See: Bernhard H. Bonkhoff: Historical organs in the Palatinate. Munich 1984.
See: Bernhard H. Bonkhoff: Monument organs in the Palatinate. Speyer 1990. - ↑ 1883 New building by Théodore Stiehr in Zilling . See: ASSECARM (ed.): Orgues de Lorraine. Moselle. Sch à Z. Metz 1999, p. 2355.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Jürgen Weyers: Stiehr organs. An organ tour to Alsace. (Unpublished manuscript.) Homburg 1996. p. 4 f.
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