Wackerbarth (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Wackerbarth

Wackerbarth is the name of an ancient noble family from the former Duchy of Saxony-Lauenburg , today's Duchy of Lauenburg , Schleswig-Holstein.

Origins of the family

The first bearers of the name came from a line of the noble Witten ("the Whites") who participated in the conquest of the Wendish areas around Ratzeburg under the dukes Albrecht the Bear and Henry the Lion . The name of the nearby town of Wittenburg , district of Ludwigslust-Parchim, (first mentioned in 1154) should go back to the construction of a castle by the Witten on the formerly Slavic rampart. Also one of the three Polabian castle walls - existing since the 8th century - which were in front of the Razesburg (Ratzeburg) in the southern area, was probably assigned to the Witten for occupation and settlement in the middle of the 12th century: the Oldenburger Wall in Horst ( Lauenburg) , located on the road from Neuhorst to Lehmrade (not to be confused with the better-known Oldenburger Wall in Oldenburg / Ostholstein), including the associated settlement chamber, to which the Hörigendörfer Kogel (Kovale = smithy), Sterley (Stralige = arrow smithy ) and the Settlements Kolatza (= baker) and Clotesfelde (= fisherman and tree feller) belonged.

Kogel Manor House, 17th century (photo taken around 1900)
Gut Tüschenbek in the 16th century

The first surviving member of the family is the Lauenburg magnate "Otto the Elder", mentioned in a document from 1219, who was apparently a nobleman in the entourage of Count Heinrich von Bathide in the previous generation . The same document also lists "Otto the Younger", probably his son, who in turn is likely to be identical to that Otto de Witte (Latin Otto Albus), who appears in a document from 1190, the first document in the Lauenburg language Aristocrats are named, and who appears in the Isfried partition contract in 1194 as Burgmann von Ratzeburg. This Otto Albus (II) appears as a witness for Bishop Isfried and apparently administers the ecclesiastical possessions previously established by Bishop Evermod . He is a tenant in Groß Thurow . His son Otto Albus (III.), Occasionally also mentioned as Otto von Wittenburch, became Camerarius (treasurer, financial administrator) of the Danish governor, Count Albrecht II of Orlamünde . Otto III. Son Otto (IV.) De Cowale (Kogel, an estate south of Ratzeburg in the parish of Sterley ) is documented frequently in the service of Duke Albrecht I or in the shops of the Ratzeburg bishop between 1228 and 1246 . He owns fiefs in Kogel, Sterley, Eich-Horst , Dargow , Klein Thurow and Groß Disnack . The von Witte family, which almost had the same coat of arms, could have descended from him, who appeared as locators from around 1230 in Neumark, southeast of Angermünde, and were lords of the island of Neuenhagen and the goods of Gabow , Hohenwutzen, Niederwutzen , Kleinmantel and Zachow until around 1490 die out.

Possibly a brother of Otto Albus II, Konrad de Witte, called Wackerbart ("brave battle ax" - Barte means hatchet - an epithet he might have acquired in the battle of Verchen in 1164), founded the future town of Mölln as a locator first mentioned in 1188 as well as in the name Antiquum Mulne in 1194. A Tiethardus von Mölln, presumably his son, established a monastery foundation in Hamburg in 1212. His sister may have been the maid "de Witte, daughter of the knight Wackerbard", who married Mr. von Barmstedt , who died after 1211 . Tiethardus' son could have been the chamberlain Konrad von Lauenburg, mentioned in 1224, and his son, the knight Konrad Wackerbart (II.), Mentioned many times between 1238 and 1263. He acquired a fiefdom from the von Barmstedt family through marriage in Todendorf near Ahrensburg, Stormarn district, and later he also became master of Kogel, Horst, Hollenbek, Neuenkirchen and Zehnthufen in Mölln. The secured trunk row begins with him. His descendants, who soon settled on numerous estates in Lauenburg, partly in Mecklenburg, and from then on only had the old, warlike nickname as their surname, were city governors for centuries (such as "Otto den Krug" in Lübeck in 1398), monastery governors , Bailiffs, councilors, provosts, canons, order committees, generals, ministers, court marshals and other princely, city and church officials.

Further development and dissemination

In 1288 the knight Detlev Wackerbart and the pastor Detlev Wackerbart from Lüdershagen donated the hospital of the Benedictine convent Dobbertin . Detlev Wackerbart received the village of Sehlsdorf and eight Hufen in Woserin from the Dobbertin Monastery in 1293 .

After earlier side branches had only existed up to three generations, the family split into two tribes in the second half of the 15th century, which originated from the brothers Hartwig (tribe A) and Detlof (tribe B). A third brother, the eldest, was Georg Heinrich (1460–1510), Herr auf Kogel, Horst and Segrahn , who besieged the city of Braunschweig with Duke Heinrich in 1492 and later served as army general in the service of Louis XII. of France stood. After the death of his son around 1540, the Kogel family estate with Segrahn and Alt-Horst became a joint fief of both tribes until 1701.

The sons of Detlof , the founder of the B tribe, founded two branches: Klaus (approx. 1505–1582) the later Tüschenbeck branch, Jürgen the Mecklenburg branch . Jürgen (Georg) (1506–1586) first officiated as captain of the Ratzeburg monastery , then entered the service of the Dukes Heinrich and Ulrich von Mecklenburg as a secret council and moved to the monastery residence of Bützow as the monastery governor of the Schwerin diocese . His epitaph is preserved in the Bützow collegiate church . His son Hardenack (1554–1604) acquired the Katelbogen and Moisall estates near Bützow, and his descendants in the 17th century the Groß Lunow and Poglow estates . The Mecklenburg branch of the B tribe went out with the brothers Achatz († 1711) and Reinhold Ulrich († 1710) on Lunow and Poglow.

In the Thirty Years' War the tribe owned jointly held got into trouble already in 1622 was Segrahn that was previously part pledged long, to the neighboring Bülow on Gudow sold, pledged half of Kogel by the strain A 1624 and the same in 1646 at the Lübeck Mayor Christoph Gerdes sold , But bought back in 1649, but under pledge; Alt-Horst was sold at the end of the 17th century . The older branch of tribe B, descended from Jürgen's brother Klaus (approx. 1505–1582), owned the other half of Kogel. From this branch came Christian Ulrich (1641-1701), captain of the Lüneburg Fortress Harburg , who married Elisabeth von Bernstorff , a sister of the Lüneburg and later Hanover Prime Minister Andreas Gottlieb von Bernstorff . Together with his brother-in-law, Christian Ulrich took care of the annexation of the duchy by the Principality of Lüneburg through rapid military action in 1689 after the death of Julius Franz , the last Ascanian duke of Saxony-Lauenburg . His wife Elisabeth inherited the Tüschenbek estate with Groß Sarau in Lauenburg in 1703 from her childhood friend, Duchess Sibylle Hedwig von Sachsen- Lauenburg. Tüschenbek remained in the family's possession until the Tüschenbeker branch in the male line was extinguished in 1785, as did the Mecklenburg estates Kassow and Ticino acquired in the 18th century .

August Heinrich (1651–1711), the Drost zu Ahlden and guardian of the duchess imprisoned there , succeeded in 1696 in redeeming the half of Kogel pledged by tribe A and in 1701 buying the other half from tribe B. After his son died in 1735, the ancestral seat was bequeathed to the descendants of his brother Anton Heinrich. Another brother, Joachim Christoph, who died early, was the father of General Field Marshal and Minister August Christoph from Saxony . The Kogel, first mentioned in 1194, remained in the family's fiefdom from the time of colonization until the main line of tribe A died out in 1850.

Members of tribe A acquired the Koschendorf , Briesen (Spreewald) and Linderode estates in Lower Lusatia in the 18th century (all three owned by the family until 1945) as well as the Saxon possessions of Großsedlitz in the 18th century, founded by Christoph August , Wacker Ruh ' , the rule Zabeltitz and Kurländer Palais in Dresden, as well as - in the Piedmont adoptive line Wackerbarth-Salmour which inherited the latter three properties - in addition, the goods Kittlitz and indignity in Löbau and until the 19th century existing Savoy Lehnsgrafschaften Salmour and Andezeno , the Baldichieri reign and palaces in Chieri and Turin, and the Vienna Sinzendorf palace in Krugerstrasse.

Coat of arms in Siebmacher's coat of arms book

coat of arms

The family coat of arms is quartered in red and silver. On the helmet with red-silver covers a peacock feather between two golden sticks, each with three natural peacock feathers.

Significant namesake

Count August Christoph von Wackerbarth (1662–1734), General Field Marshal, secret cabinet and state minister of August the Strong
Count Joseph Anton Gabaleon von Wackerbarth-Salmour (1685–1761), chief steward, cabinet minister
  • Georg Heinrich von Wackerbarth auf Kogel, military leader, besieged the city of Braunschweig with Duke Heinrich in 1492 , later he fought as Louis XII's army general . from France
  • Otto von Wackerbarth (* 1540 in Kogel; † 1599 in Schwerin), district administrator of Saxony-Lauenburg, provost in Schwerin
  • Ulrich von Wackerbarth (before 1573 – probably 1659), Otto's son, co-lord on Kogel, district administrator in Saxony-Lauenburg and last dean of the cathedral in Schwerin
  • Otto von Wackerbarth (1607–1670), Ulrich's son, court marshal to the Dukes Adolf Friedrich and Christian Ludwig von Mecklenburg, co-lord of Kogel
  • Christian Ulrich von Wackerbarth (1641–1701), Otto's son, co-lord on Kogel, lord on Tüschenbeck, since 1685 head captain of the Braunschweig-Lüneburg harbor fortress Harburg , occupied Ratzeburg immediately after the Lauenburg dukes died out in 1689, drove out the officials and agents of the competing aspirants to the throne from Saxony, Mecklenburg and Denmark (against the latter - after the fortification of Ratzeburg - he took to the field) and thus secured the succession to the throne for the Welfs, in close coordination with the Prime Minister of the Duke of Celle Georg Wilhelm, his brother-in-law Andreas Gottlieb von Bernstorff
  • August Heinrich von Wackerbarth auf Kogel (1651–1711), from 1694 as Drost zu Ahlden , guarded the daughter of Duke Georg Wilhelm of Celle and divorced wife of the later English King Georg I, Sophie Dorothea von Braunschweig-Lüneburg , for many years whose first lady-in-waiting was his wife Susanna von Berlichingen ; his brother son
  • Count August Christoph von Wackerbarth (1662–1734) became General Field Marshal, Minister of State and General Building Director of Augustus the Strong in Saxony and is considered the "director" of the Dresden Baroque; He acquired important properties in Saxony, including Großsedlitz , Zabeltitz , Wackerbarths Ruh ' and the Kurländer Palais in Dresden. His stepson and adoptive son from the first marriage of his Piedmontese wife Caterina Gabaleone di Salmour was:
  • Count Joseph Anton Gabaleon von Wackerbarth-Salmour (1685–1761), Saxon envoy, chief steward and cabinet minister. He founded the Saxon-Piedmontese branch, which died out four generations later
  • August Josef Ludwig von Wackerbarth (1770–1850), historian, art historian and art collector, was the last person on Kogel, which after his death in 1850 was withdrawn as a settled fiefdom from the Danish crown. An illegitimate son of the latter, Teut von Wackerbarth (1816–1904), was legitimized under nobility law in 1847, but was not recognized as viable for Kogel and therefore later set up the home castle in Niederheimbach am Rhein as his residence . His descendants, who owned Gut Koschendorf in Niederlausitz until 1945, now live in Canada.
  • Ludwig von Wackerbarth (1749–1817), a great-nephew of the Generalfeldmarschall, co-lord on Kogel, bought the Briesen estate in the Spreewald in 1786 , became a Saxon baron in 1810, and in 1811, together with his wife Helene von Bomsdorff, adopted two nephews who became "Barons of Wackerbarth" (without male descendants) or "Freiherren von Wackerbarth called von Bomsdorff" (the latter bloom in the branches Linderode and Briesen / Rethmar to this day).
  • Otto von Wackerbarth called von Bomsdorff (1823–1904), manor owner and member of the German Reichstag
  • Oskar von Wackerbarth called von Bomsdorff (1862–1937), manor owner and district administrator of the Cottbus district

More information

Wackerbarth is also the name of a middle-class family . This originally Hessian peasant family, descendants of the farmer Simon Wackerbarth from Wehren near Fritzlar, first mentioned in 1536 , with a branch that emigrated to London in the 18th century (sugar industry) and a branch that emigrated to the USA in the 19th century, has no proven connection to the Lauenburg aristocratic family . The artist Horst Wackerbarth belongs to this family .

Images of possessions from family history

literature

Epitaph, Stiftskirche Bützow , "which Hardenack Wackerbart had put in memory of his father Jürgen Wackerbarth and his mother Ursula Viereggen in 1590"
  • EH Kneschke's Adels-Lexikon from 1870 ( online version ).
  • Constantin von Wurzbach : Wackerbarth, the counts of, genealogy . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 52nd part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1885, p. 49 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Wilhelm Biereye, “About the people in the Ratzeburg Zehntenlehn register from 1230”, in: Mecklenburg-Strelitzer Geschichtsblätter, 9th year, 1933.
  • (To Wittenburg) O. Vitense, “History of Mecklenburg”, p. 58 ff. And
  • Fritz Haeger, "The German place names of Mecklenburg since the beginning of colonization", Wismar 1935.
  • Wolfgang Prange, "Settlement History of the State of Lauenburg in the Middle Ages", Neumünster 1960, pp. 84, 259.
  • Christopher Frhr. von Warnstedt, “Some things about von Wackerbarth”, in: Lauenburgische Heimat , magazine of the Heimatbund and history association Herzogtum Lauenburg e. V., No. 67 (1969), pp. 11-30.
  • (Zum Oldenburger Wall) Hansjörg Zimmermann, "Continuity and Tradition, The Significance of the Three Slavic Villages in the Endowment Certificate for the Diocese of Ratzeburg", in: Lauenburgische Heimat (see above), Issue 78 (1973), pp. 1–22 mw H.
  • (To Conradus Wackerbart, Lokator von Mölln) Hans-Georg Kaack in: Lauenburgische Heimat (see above), Heft 120 (1988), p. 7; Issue 129 (1991), p. 3 ff.
  • Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume XV, Volume 134 of the complete series, pp. 336–337, CA Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 2004, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Prof. F. Bertheau, work on the Zehntenlehn register in the archive of the Heimatbund and history association Herzogtum Lauenburg e. V.
  • Family tables of the von Wackerbarth family, family archive, Frhrl. v. Wackerbarth administration, Rethmar.

Web links

Commons : Wackerbarth (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gut Tüschenbek - reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
  2. ^ Mecklenburgisches Urkundenbuch III. (1865) No. 1964, confirmed by Pope Clement V , MUB V. (1869) No. 3327
  3. ↑ MUB 2247