Bomsdorff

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Coat of arms of the von Bomsdorff

Bomsdorff is the name of an ancient noble family from Niederlausitz with the parent company of the same name near Neuzelle , where it has been documented since 1310.

Origin of gender

The von Bomsdorff family is the earliest aristocratic family mentioned as resident in the margraviate of Niederlausitz, as well as one of the most widespread over the centuries and, with the headquarters of Bomsdorf (before 1310 to 1698) and Weißagk (1344 to 1823), also has some of the longer ownership continuities in the Land, whose history is marked by frequent upheavals.

Origins

Manor house Bomsdorf, built in the 18th century in place of the old moated castle

The village of Bomsdorf , today part of the community of Neuzelle , was founded during the time of the East German settlement of the Guben district between the middle and the end of the 13th century and is first mentioned as "Boemensdorf" on November 18, 1310. As dortiger patron one is Frenzel of Boemensdorf called, thus the first name known representative of here based on a Wasserburg Ritter sex, which after his immigration adopted either the name of the entity or that had given a name brought. Further west in central Germany there are two other places with this name, whose possible connections to the aristocratic family have not yet been clarified, namely the Gut Bomsdorf near Möckern and the village of Bomsdorf near Bad Liebenwerda not far from Magdeburg . In the course of the German settlement in the east, however, the translocation of place names, also by knightly locators , was not uncommon. This is also what is meant when the family is referred to in “Gotha” and in the nobility lexicon as “ primeval nobility who came to Niederlausitz”. Already one year later, in 1311, a knight Fredericus de Bomestorp is listed in the Halberstädtischen feudal register as enfeoffed in "Esteke" (possibly Estedt near Gardelegen), which suggests that the sex was already widespread at this time. The place name varies in later documents between Bogemstorph (1316), Bogemilsdorf (1327), Bamilsdorff (1387), Boemsdorff (1421), Bomestorff (1429), Bombstorf (1527).

Feudal relationships

Bomsdorff banner (right) when the city of Lübben was handed over to Elector Friedrich II. Eisenzahn in 1448

The manor Bomsdorf near the Cistercian monastery Neuzelle , founded in 1268, is likely to have been built around the same time, i.e. under the reign of Henry the Illustrious , and has since been a fiefdom of the Pförten rulership . With this rule, in turn, a ministerial family was enfeoffed in the 14th century , which came from the neighboring margraviate of Meißen , namely the Ileburger from the line of the bailiffs of Liebenwerda . As was the case with the Forst lordship around 1385 , from which the Bomsdorffers were enfeoffed with the Weißagk estate, the Pförten lordship also came from the Ileburgers to the Biebersteiners , who had an influence in Bohemia until they died out in 1667, around the middle of the 15th century Territory united into one dominion with 44 knightly vassal estates, including numerous Bomsdorffs, fiefdoms of the margraves of Lusatia . With the frequent changes in the margravial rule , the Bomsdorffers also entered the service of various dynasties: Wettin (until 1303), Ascanian (until 1319), Wittelsbacher (until 1367), Bohemian kings from the houses of Luxembourg (until 1437), Jagiello (until 1526), ​​Habsburg (until 1635), Electors of Saxony (until 1815) and Kings of Prussia (until 1918).

Status surveys

To 1620-1630 the vice provincial judge and later Prime Wenzel of Bomsdorff from a Bohemian line of emperor was Ferdinand II. In the imperial counts charged, he died without descendants. The come from Lausitz to Silesia August Rudolf von Bomsdorff, administrator of the rule Peterswaldau was in 1748 by Frederick the Great in the Prussian baron and Adolf Leberecht von Bomsdorff as the founder of the line Wackerbarth called Bomsdorff 1811 elevated to the Saxon baron.

Bomsdorff coat of arms at Siebmacher 1605

coat of arms

A shield divided by silver and blue diagonally to the right, on the dividing line of which are three red roses covered with gold. On the helmet with blue-silver covers a silver and a blue buffalo horn, on the outside with five silver rooster feathers (or three golden ostrich feathers).

Name bearer

Robber barons plundering
  • Hans von Bomsdorf was beheaded as a robber baron by the city of Frankfurt (Oder) in 1505 , which led to an uproar in the knighthoods of Brandenburg and the Bohemian Lower Lusatia and prompted Elector Joachim I Nestor to withdraw the city's jurisdiction over the neck , on the grounds that the city council had not given the convicted man the opportunity to ask the sovereign for mercy. However, since the elector himself hanged forty aristocratic robber barons in the following year, the reaction was probably due to the fact that Hans von Bomsdorf was a cousin of the influential Bishop of Lebus , Dietrich von Bülow , who occupied the city with the interdict would have. Thereupon the robber barons around Hans von Bomsdorf's oldest brother Andreas, the gentleman at Grano Castle, his younger brothers Peter, Niklas and Christoph as well as the "black Hans", Hans vom Rade, Georg von Kracht, Hans von Sehlstrang, Liborius von Kittlitz and others felt who had been attacking merchants on the way between Guben , Krossen and Frankfurt for a long time and who had shared their booty on the castles in Tzschernowitz and Grano , encouraged themselves to take bloody revenge on Frankfurt citizens, with even women and children having their hands mutilated, so that the city had no choice but to ensure its safety by recruiting a hundred horsemen. The Bomsdorff'sche Burg Kaupe in Grano was notorious at the time for the fact that robbers sat on it, housed snap cocks and raid plans were forged. For example, spies were kept in town taverns to learn more about routes and cargo from the carters, or to bribe them for a common cause. One year after Hans von Bomsdorf, in 1506, Andreas von Bomsdorf , the owner of the robber's nest Grano, was beheaded in Sagan for raids on merchant trains on the Frankfurt – Guben – Görlitz route, as well as in Brandenburg and Silesia . The brothers Peter and Niklas also fell under the sword . In the same year, Balthasar von Bomsdorf, who was appointed as his lieutenant successor in Grano, donated an altar to the town of Guben, which was dedicated to the fourteen helpers in need.
The shield citizens
  • Wenzel Graf von Bomsdorff , Bohemian deputy judge, remained loyal to Emperor Ferdinand II during the Bohemian riots from 1619 and was elevated to the status of imperial count. As "Minister of War von Bomsdorff" he appears in the Schildbürgergeschichten , announcing the visit of the emperor to the city of Schilda in 1624, who - plagued by the worries of the Thirty Years' War - hopes to find a little diversion through the folly of the citizens of Schilda: Minister of War von Bomsdorff informed the mayor that the emperor would like a reception “half ridden and half on foot” (this meant that you could come on foot if you didn't own a horse). The shield burghers initially thought they should hang with one foot in the stirrup. Then they came up with a better solution: They all trotted over on wooden hobbyhorses . When the emperor saw this, he guaranteed them absolute freedom from fools.
  • Adolf Leberecht von Bomsdorff from the house of Weißagk (1781–1862), lord of Ober- and Mittel-Linderode, Tielitz, Briesen and Guhrow, was born in 1811 by his aunt Helene Freifrau von Wackerbarth, born von Bomsdorff, and her husband, Ludwig Freiherrn von Wackerbarth in Briesen and Guhrow, adopted, and the Saxon King Frederick Augustus I as called Baron von Wackerbarth of Bomsdorff levied. His son was a member of the Reichstag, Otto von Wackerbarth called von Bomsdorff , his grandson the District Administrator Oskar von Wackerbarth called von Bomsdorff . The branch of this name still exists today in the branches Linderode and Briesen / Rethmar.

Family owned goods

Over the centuries, the family experienced a widespread distribution in Lusatia and from there to neighboring regions (Mark Meissen, Silesia, Brandenburg, Bohemia and Thuringia), with its greatest distribution in the 16th and 17th centuries. The devastation and epidemics of the Thirty Years War resulted in the decline and loss of many goods. In the 19th century, the family evidently shrank, but individual namesake still live today. The distribution can be read from the list of possessions (according to Houwald) of the following knightly estates, which were owned, owned or pledged by the family during the periods mentioned:

Altkreis Guben:

Manor Bomsdorf
  • Bomsdorf : headquarters probably from the 13th century (mentioned in 1310) until 1698
  • Bear Claw : 1604 to 1623
  • Groß Breesen : from 1524 at the latest until approx. 1675
  • Bresinchen : Pledges from Neuzelle Abbey from 1547 to 1712
  • Groß Drenzig : pledge ownership 1620 to 1626
  • Groß Drewitz : approx. 1412 to 1650
  • Grano : before 1465 to 1655
  • Crayne (Krayne): 1623 to 1655
  • Lauschütz : 1490 to 1681
  • Lübbinchen : 1548 to 1655
  • Ossendorf (Vorwerk): pledged property from Neuzelle Abbey from 1547 to 1592 and from 1630 to approx. 1662
  • Schiedlo : Fief of the Neuzelle monastery (to monitor the confluence of the Neisse River in the Oder) approx
  • Schwerzko : Pledged property from Neuzelle Monastery before 1547 to 1553
  • Since then : Pledged property from Neuzelle Abbey before 1421, again from 1615 to 1620
  • Sembten : 1490 to 1649
  • Steinsdorf : Pledged property from Neuzelle Abbey from 1548 to 1582 and again around 1587
  • Treppeln : Pledged property from Neuzelle Monastery from 1565 to 1575
  • Tzschiegern : 1723 to 1786
  • Göhlen : Pledged property from Neuzelle Monastery until 1489 and 1547 until 1628
Briesen Castle in the Spreewald, Alexander Duncker

Altkreis Cottbus:

Altkreis Luckau:

Altkreis Lübben:

Altdöbern Castle

Altkreis Calau:

Old district Spremberg:

Altkreis Sorau :

Altranft Castle

Own outside of Niederlausitz:

Altranft (Barnim) 1652–1739, manor Caasen near Gera (1769 to 1799), Jakobskirch (Kr. Glogau / Silesia; 1750 to 1787), Kippitsch, Klein Predlau, Klinke (Kr. Gardelegen) around 1780, Kynast in Zitzschewig (district Meißen, 1687–1821), Lohsa (Upper Lusatia), Medingen near Dresden (17th century), Moelcke, Ottendorf (17th century), Paulow in the diocese of Lebus (around 1500), Schönfeld (district of Schweidnitz / Silesia), Waltersdorf, Wendischbora (Meißen district) around 1824.

swell

  • Walter von Boetticher : History of the Upper Lusatian nobility and their estates 1635-1815. Volume 1, Görlitz 1912, pp. 177-179 ; Volume 4, 1923, p. 7
  • Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis , Volume XVII, 463 ( Fredericus miles de Bomestorp, ministerialis , mentioned in the Halberstädtischen Lehnsregister from 1311); Volume XX, 367 ( Apecz von Bomestorf 1388)
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Marburg 1979 (from this the list of goods compiled)
  • Götz Frhr. von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. (Library of Family History Sources)
  • Karl Gander : On the history of the village of Bomsdorf in the Guben district. In: Rudolf Lehmann (Ed.): Niederlausitzer Mitteilungen. Yearbook of the Niederlausitz Society for History and Archeology . 26th volume, Guben 1938, pp. 97-109; Ibid. Volume 24 (1936): Regesten von Lehnsbriefe
  • Richard Ihlo and Wilfried Scholze: The village of Weißagk from its beginnings to 1975. ed. by the council of the forest district in 1976
  • Klaus Neitmann (Ed.): In the shadow of powerful neighbors, politics, economy and culture of Niederlausitz. Berlin-Brandenburg, 2006, pp. 157, 160-162
  • Hartmut Schatte: The Niederlausitz family von Bomsdorf, rise and fall. In: Niederlausitz Studies. Issue 36, Cottbus 2010, pp. 68–82 (mwH)
  • Hartmut Schatte: Noble robbers. Chapter 1, Cottbus 2004
  • Family tree of the Lindner collection, plate no.525b (extends from the end of the 16th century to approx. 1775, older or younger family trees of the entire family do not seem to exist)
  • Collected documents in the archive of the Barons von Wackerbarth called von Bomsdorff, Rethmar
  • Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon. Volume 1, Voigt, Leipzig 1859
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of baronial houses, Volume 11, 1861 p.920f

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Theuner and Woldemar Lippert : Document book of the Neuzelle monastery. IV, 4, No. 16 (first mentioned in 1310)
  2. ↑ Coat of arms: Herby szlachty śląskiej: von Bomsdorf
  3. ↑ Johann Martin Schamel: Historical description of the formerly famous Benedictine monastery at St. Georgen in front of the city of Naumburg an der Saale. Martini, Naumburg 1728, p. 40 ( digitized version )
  4. ↑ Theodor Hirsch:  Joachim I . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 71-78.
  5. ↑ History of Grano on the website of the community Schenkendöbern
  6. ^ Weingarten, Fürstenspiegel, Prague 1673, p. 397
  7. ↑ Sembten on the website of the community Schenkendöbern