Aufhausen pilgrimage church
The pilgrimage church Maria Schnee is a rococo church in Aufhausen in the Upper Palatinate district of Regensburg . The building, located on a hill north of the Great Labertal , can be seen from afar. The titular festival Maria Schnee is celebrated on August 5th or the next Sunday. In good weather there is a festive service in the evening on the large church forecourt, followed by a light procession through the town.
history
The pilgrimage goes back to the Aufhausen parish vicar Johann Georg Seidenbusch (1641–1729). During his student days in Munich, at his request and because of special merits, he had been given a statue of Our Lady, a replica of the miraculous image of Maria Schnee from Rome. Duke Wilhelm V donated it to the students in 1580, but then it was replaced by a new figure. Seidenbusch took the statue with him to study theology at the University of Ingolstadt and then to the parish of Aufhausen, where he worked from 1667. In the beginning there was prayer in front of this statue in the rectory day after day. In 1668 Seidenbusch built a wooden chapel for his statue of the Virgin Mary . The pilgrimage there flourished rapidly; 132 answers to prayer were recorded for the period from 1670 to 1689. Between 1670 and 1673 the first small pilgrimage church was built in place of the chapel, at the time also known as the Marian House . Here the song Hailed You, Queen (original form) was heard for the first time . Franz von Cammerloher, Chancellor of the Archbishop of Salzburg and envoy to the Regensburg Reichstag, donated the crown, ring and scepter for the miraculous image.
Since Seidenbusch was soon overwhelmed with the pilgrimage pastoral care as a single priest, he founded the Aufhausen Monastery with the first oratory of St. Philip Neri in Germany to look after the pilgrims . It is a community of diocesan priests without religious vows . In 1692 a corresponding contract was signed with the Sankt Emmeram monastery in Regensburg , which is commemorated by a limestone relief in the so-called Karl Borromäus chapel. The official establishment took place with the papal recognition on July 6th, 1695. Emperor Leopold I , with whom Seidenbusch maintained good relations, gave him a golden heart with 34 precious stones, held by a silver angel, for the miraculous image. In addition, he issued a letter of protection for the monastery during the War of the Spanish Succession , which was later also useful during the construction period of today's church in the War of the Austrian Succession .
Even the death of Seidenbusch in 1729 did not detract from the pilgrimage. It had meanwhile become one of the most important in the Regensburg diocese . Since the Marian house was already dilapidated and became too small, a new church was built in the 1730s by the newly elected provost Josef Magg. On August 12, 1735 , Johann Michael Fischer from Burglengenfeld received the order to plan and build a new pilgrimage church. It should be his only building in the Upper Palatinate home. Fischer then created a model that also provided for a new priest house for the oratorian college. But the latter was never realized. The foundation stone for the church that still exists today was finally laid on June 12, 1736. For financial reasons, the construction period dragged on until 1740. Because the interior was initially missing, the church was not consecrated until 1751. The tower was only completed in 1761, and the bells were also purchased that year.
After the Oratorian College was officially dissolved in 1829, the religious priests continued to hold pilgrimage services until 1886. In the period between 1890 and 1978 the Benedictines took over the parish and pilgrimage from the Metten monastery . From 1978 to 2006 diocesan priests worked in Aufhausen. Since then, pastoral care has been entrusted to the Brothers of the Holy Blood . This community of priests and laypeople became the Congregation of the Oratory of Sts under the then Regensburg Bishop Gerhard Ludwig Müller . Philipp Neri converted to Aufhausen. The Oratorians took over the parish and pilgrimage in Aufhausen again.
The last major renovations to the church building were carried out in the years 1901 to 1903, 1933 and 1978 to 1990. Recently, the extensive church forecourt has been completely redesigned as part of the village renewal in Aufhausen.
description
architecture
The rectangular church building, 35 meters long and 22 meters wide, faces north. The exterior is kept very simple except for the south facade and is only structured by the arched windows. The south side of the church faces the main street and is visible from afar due to the steep slope. The slightly curved facade with the round arched main portal is divided into three axes by pilasters on high plinths and cornices . At the top, it ends with a triangular gable, which probably does not correspond to the original plans. Probably a pretended tail gable should be created here . At the beginning of the 20th century, a statue of Maria Immaculata was placed in the figural niche . The tower is built onto the north tower in the middle. Above the square basement rises the bell storey with rounded corners and sound openings between two pilasters. The top is an onion cap with a lantern .
The rectangular floor plan cannot be seen inside. The nave forms an octagonal main room, to which a southern vestibule with a wide central yoke and narrow side yokes and the northern choir with sacristy annexes on both sides are assigned. At both ends of the transverse axis of the main room are wide, flat chapel niches; Somewhat deeper but less wide niches can be found at the four ends of the diagonal axes, above each oratorio with curved parapets. The main room, like the diagonal niches, the oratorios, the vestibule and the organ gallery above, is spanned by a flat dome . The side altar niches have a barrel vault , the choir a hanging dome . All openings from the main room are arched; in between there are pilasters with stuccoed capitals that seem to carry elaborately profiled entablature pieces . The stucco used very sparingly for a rococo church comes from the Munich master Johann Georg Funk.
Ceiling painting
The rich furnishings of the church interior with ceiling frescoes refer primarily to the Virgin Mary . The large ceiling painting in the main room shows the legend of Maria Schnee. It goes back to a Roman patrician , whom Mary instructed in a vision to build a church on the site, which he found covered with snow. In the middle of summer he found the Roman hill Esquiline covered with snow. There the predecessor of the Basilica Santa Maria Maggiore was possibly built by Pope Liberius . This event was implemented by the Munich painter Franz Joseph Zitter with reference to Aufhausen. At a central point Mary can be seen in Glory , from whose heart a ray of grace emanates. The choir fresco shows St. Philip Neri in heavenly glory, kneeling with a rosary before the Mother of God. Tone-on-tone paintings with scenes from the life of the saint are located in the diagonally positioned spandrels : Saint Philipp Neri stands by the dying, he casts out demons, he frees souls in purgatory , he converts sinners.
The ceiling fresco in the central yoke of the vestibule shows Abraham ready to sacrifice his son Isaac . In the side yokes you can see allegorical representations of the Virgin Mary, who is compared to the moon . The four ceiling paintings correspond to the invocations of Mary in the Lauretanian litany. These four praises are repeated in the diagonal chapels, where the four church fathers, Pope Gregory the Great with the dove, Augustine with the boy, Jerome with the lion and Ambrose with the beehive are depicted. The frescoes above the four oratorios also focus on the inscriptions of Mary, above the organ you can see King David playing the harp .
Altars
The high altar is older than the church and comes from the previous Baroque building . It is a baroque shrine -Altar with zweisäuligem construction. Outside the pillars are figures of John the Baptist (left) and John the Evangelist (right). The aedicula is located between blown gable pieces and shows a dove as a symbol for the Holy Spirit , surrounded by a halo . A wood-carved crucifix forms the upper end . The miraculous image of Mary Snow, from which numerous golden rays also emanate, is mounted in an oval glass shrine in a central position between the columns . The relics of St. Desiderius are housed in the stipes of the high altar . Since the altar is actually too small and too low for the choir, the construction was carried illusion painting on the apse rear walls appear larger. It appears to have an additional pair of pillars and a curved shape. The altar is also continued above the aedicule in the mural, but here more thematically. Here God the Father is represented, who symbolizes the Trinity together with the Holy Spirit dove on the aedicule and the crucifix .
The two large side altars are located in the wide, flat niches on the east and west sides of the main room. They were both donated in 1747 by the pastor of Sallach and have the same structure. The right (eastern) side altar is the Josefi altar . Above the tabernacle it contains a small painting depicting the apostle Judas Thaddaeus . The altarpiece shows Saint Joseph with Mary the baby Jesus . In the excerpt, Maria Magdalena is depicted as a penitent. The left (western) side altar, the Sacred Heart Altar , contains a small image of the Sacred Heart above the tabernacle . The large altarpiece shows the Pentecost vision of St. Philip Neri . The excerpt shows the apostle Simon Peter . The four silver-framed wooden busts on the side altars show the saints Karl Borromeo and Ignatius von Loyola , who were especially venerated by the Nerians, at the Josefi altar, and Philipp Neri and Franz von Sales at the Sacred Heart altar.
In the north-western diagonal chapel , the women's chapel, is probably the most important work of church furnishings. The altar painting with the title “Madonna in der Halle”, a work of early Renaissance painting , was created around 1515 and is given to the Augsburg painter Jörg Breu the Elder. Ä. attributed. It was donated to the pilgrimage church in 1696. Since then, the picture has been surrounded by a magnificent acanthus frame with putti . The altar in the northeastern Philipp Neri Chapel , which was also donated in 1696, is designed in a similar way. The altar painting shows the saint in the chasuble as the patron saint of the dying and the poor souls . There may have been a holy grave in the Philipp Neri Chapel in the past. Both altars in the north diagonal chapels have a shrine with the remains of the catacomb saints Johannes (women's chapel) and Viktor (Philipp Neri chapel).
In both southern diagonal chapels, the Karl Borromeo Chapel in the southwest and the Franz Sales Chapel in the southeast, there are Renaissance altars with aedicules, which were received from Munich in 1808. In the predella zone there is a glass shrine with relics and monastery works . On the Karl Borromeo Altar there is a wax work of the cross vision of St. Bernard of Clairvaux , which originally did not belong to the altar. In the aedicule there is a depiction of the guardian money . The aedicula of the Francis Sales Altar, on the other hand, shows a representation of the Archangel Michael with the scales.
In the eastern part of the vestibule is the late Renaissance altar of the All Souls Brotherhood, founded in 1690. The altarpiece shows the poor souls in purgatory . In front of it is a mission cross with the inscription "Save your soul", which also contains a figure of the Mother of Sorrows under the corpus and is flanked by figures of the plague saints Rochus and Karl Borromeo. Recently, a picture of the merciful Jesus was also placed here.
Other equipment
To the left of the eastern sacristy door in the chancel is a panel painting from the 17th century by the famous baroque painter Joachim von Sandrart , which shows the mystical marriage of St. Catherine . The picture is in an aedicular frame from around 1600. Above the door there are two wooden reliefs from around 1520. They show St. Odilia (left) and St. Apollonia (right). A classical glass shrine with silver votives is located between the two figures . One is also located above the sacristy door opposite. This is flanked by two panel paintings that were created in Swabia around 1520 . They show the Annunciation (left) and the birth (right) of Christ. There is also a picture cycle in the choir room with twelve small oil paintings that trace the history of the miraculous image of Maria Schnee.
To the left of the Josefi altar is the baroque pulpit from around 1670. Like the high altar, it comes from the previous building. Paintings of the four evangelists can be seen on the body and a representation of St. Augustine on the sound cover . Opposite the pulpit, i.e. to the right of the Sacred Heart Altar, is a baroque group of wooden figures from the environment of Christian Jorhans the Elder. Ä. appropriate. It shows the Mother of Sorrows, surrounded by a halo, with the dead Christ and weeping putti.
In the Karl Borromeo Chapel there is a limestone relief, which reminds of the conclusion of the contract with the St. Emmeram Monastery, as well as a remarkable wooden relief of the Sacrifice of Mary from the early 17th century. The Stations of the Cross in baroque frames were donated by various people. The creator of the panels is unknown, but the 14th station dates the Stations of the Cross cycle to the year 1741.
The organ on the gallery above the vestibule is still in a baroque case , which was built around 1750. The associated instrument, a one-manual organ with 12 registers , came from the Amberg organ builder Johann Konrad Funtsch . Today's organ with a total of 20 stops on two manuals and a pedal was built in 1948 by Michael Weise from Plattling and overhauled in 1991 by Heribert Heick from Regensburg.
Web links
literature
- Verena Friedrich: Aufhausen - pilgrimage church Maria Schnee and parish church St. Bartholomäus and Dionysius . Peda art guide No. 429/1998. Peda Art Publishing House , Passau 2008.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Friedrich, p. 2ff.
- ↑ Oratory of St. Philipp Neri in Aufhausen: History of the Pilgrimage ( Memento of the original from April 20, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.oratorium-aufhausen.de. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
- ↑ a b Friedrich, p. 6f.
- ↑ a b Friedrich, p. 9ff.
- ↑ a b Oratory of St. Philipp Neri in Aufhausen: Tour of the pilgrimage church ( Memento of the original from April 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Online at www.oratorium-aufhausen.de. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
- ↑ a b Friedrich, p. 11ff.
- ↑ a b c Friedrich, p. 16ff.
- ^ Friedrich, p. 17f.
- ↑ a b Friedrich, p. 20f.
Coordinates: 48 ° 52 '22.6 " N , 12 ° 17' 2.9" E