Wilhelm Heinrich Koopmann

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Wilhelm Heinrich Koopmann (born September 4, 1814 in Tönning ; † May 20, 1871 in Hamberge ) was a Lutheran bishop for Holstein and from 1868 within the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schleswig-Holstein .

Life

Koopmann - son of the school teacher Christian Heinrich Koopmann - attended the learned school in Husum under Rector Peter Friedrichsen. There he made friends with his classmate Theodor Storm . Well educated, he attended the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel (Christiana Albertina) from 1834 . During his student days, Claus Harms in particular made a deep and lasting impression on him. Koopmann confessed quite decidedly to Lutheran orthodoxy and defended the denominational Lutheran standpoint with tenacity. After five years of study, he passed the official theological examination in 1839 with very laudable distinction. He then entered the service of the then bailiff at Gottorf Castle , Ludwig Nicolaus von Scheele (1796–1874), who was to become Minister for Holstein and Lauenburg and Foreign Affairs from 1855 to 1857 . After only a short time in the service of Scheeles, he was elected deacon at the St. Jürgen Church in Heide on August 23, 1840 . During this time he was Klaus Groth's teacher of Latin and philosophy.

The first publication by Koopmann was published anonymously in 1842, Der Grund- und Glaubensmangel of the book “Die Grund- und Glaubenslehren” ... Proven by an orthodox preacher in Dithmarschen , who was directed against his former teacher Joachim Friedrich Clasen , pastor in Tönning, who was im The year before had published the basic Christian doctrines and doctrines of the Orthodox and Rationalists or of the blind and thoughtful believers in the Evangelical Protestant Church .

This gave rise to a debate with Martin Harring in Sehestedt ( Harro Harring's brother ), who countered Koopmann in two epistles: First letter to the s. [Alvo] t. [Itulo] orthodox brother in Dithmarschen, containing the biblical doctrine of the Necessity of Good Works for Beatitude (1842) and a second letter in the same year. Koopmann responded to this in the following year with The partition between Christianity and anti-Christianity, generally comprehensible described. As a foreword a letter to Pastor Harring , to which Harring replied in the same year with a sent word, which ended this dispute.

On April 2, 1845 Koopmann moved from the Holstein to the Lauenburg regional church , where he was pastor at the Maria Magdalenen Church in Lauenburg on the Elbe . This personnel decision made the long-smoldering conflict between the regional churches virulent. Against the elimination of church influence in the Lauenburg schools, as planned by the Lauenburg School Act in the years of the uprising, Koopmann opened a polemic with his work written in 1850: The Confusion of Fundamental Rights in State, Church and School, illuminated with special regard to the new Draft school law for the Duchy of Lauenburg . In it he declared himself against the Schleswig-Holstein uprising . The superintendent of the Lauenburg regional church, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Catenhusen , supported Koopmann's position on the school issue. Koopmann's attitude made him largely unpopular in Lauenburg.

After the survey was over, Koopmann moved from the Lauenburg church back to the Holstein regional church, where he took up the pastorate at the Christian church in Ottensen on September 7, 1854 . In the course of the reforms of the Lutheran church constitution in the Duchy of Holstein carried out by the Ministry for the Duchies of Holstein and Lauenburg in Copenhagen under Ludwig Nicolaus von Scheele, the Holstein Lutheran regional church became the Holstein monastery based on the Danish nomenclature and the spiritual director traded as a general superintendent henceforth as bishop. On May 2, 1855, Koopmann became the first bishop of Holstein to succeed General Superintendent Johann Carl Julius Herzbruch . Koopmann took up residence in Altona and officiated at the St. Trinity Church . One of his tasks in 1857 was to travel to Glückstadt to abolish the local castle and garrison community. For his evangelism work since the survey , Koopmann was sympathetic to the missionary of the Religious Tract Society , James Craig , who assessed Holstein as an ignorant, immoral country. The Altona provost Ernst Adolf Lilie (1864-1891) complained in 1866 about Koopmann's "increasingly precarious relationship" with Craig, whom he considered a Methodist sectarian.

As bishop Koopmann tried to carry out various reforms. First he wanted to develop and introduce a new country catechism . The commissioners Hasselmann and Asmussen had not presented a draft, so that Koopmann provided one himself in 1860: Lutheri's little catechism explained through biblical sayings and short sentences . A vigorous struggle arose against this, especially on the part of the teaching staff. So Koopmann had to give up the project of a new catechism. His endeavors to replace Cramer's hymnbook , which seemed too rationalistic to him, with a new orthodox hymnbook , also bore no fruit in the end.

During the German-Danish War (February to October 1864) Koopmann, as part of the Altona reception committee, greeted Wilhelm I of Prussia with a speech on April 23, 1864 on his return from the troops in Holstein and Schleswig to Berlin. After Koopmann spoke out against the survey in 1850, many expected that he would emigrate to Denmark for the German Confederation after the capture of Holstein . But he stayed and the Austrian interim administration (1864–1866) left him in office. The Prussian Kreuzzeitung held against him his previous loyalty to the Holstein-Danish government, whereas Koopmann defended his position with the text: My justification for the suspicions of the Kreuzzeitung regarding my position on the state affair .

In 1866 the theological faculty of the Christiana Albertina awarded him the Doctor theologiae honoris causa . In 1866 Koopmann got involved with the Association for Inner Mission . As a Lutheran Orthodox, he strove to suppress the old rationalism of the Enlightenment theology, but at the same time directed himself against the spread of the new rationalism of his time, as it was spread by the German Protestant Association . Koopmann published The Evangelical Christianity in its Relationship to Modern Culture: at the same time a motivated protest against the tendencies of the so-called German Protestant Association , from which a struggle developed that was particularly fierce with Richard Adelbert Lipsius .

In March 1867, Wilhelm I received Koopmann and his colleagues from Schleswig in Kiel General Superintendent Bertel Petersen Godt , both of whom asked for protection for the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the duchies. Wilhelm I assured the Protestant Church in the duchies, omitting the term Lutheran, royal protection in their paternal faith and confessions, as elsewhere in Prussia. In view of the Prussian Union of Lutherans and Reformed Protestants in the older provinces before 1866 , this vague formulation was bound to stir up fear that a union would also be imposed in Holstein .

The German Evangelical Church Congress , planned for 1866 in Kiel , "which over time has increasingly become an instrument of unionist endeavors ," did not take place until the following year because of the war. Johann Hinrich Wichern from the Old Prussian Evangelical Upper Church Council (EOK) had won Godt and Koopmann to work in the Schleswig-Holstein State Committee of the Kirchentag. "The 14th" Evangelical Church Congress "made the first obvious efforts to draw this country into the Union trend." The EOK had published its own plans in a memorandum, and its organ, the New Evangelical Church Newspaper , reported accordingly.

Among other things, the following lectures by two former members of the theological faculty in Kiel were announced for the Kirchentag, namely "To what extent the special evangelical denominations in the present need an independent ecclesiastical organization to secure and prosperous development" by Emil Herrmann , President of the Kirchentag, Georg-August -University of Göttingen, as well as "Justification through faith in Christ in its meaning for Christian knowledge and Christian life" by Isaak Dorner , member of the EOK in Berlin.

No sooner had the news of what was planned in Kiel penetrated the country than the clergy in and around Hadersleben met on July 17th to make the following declaration: The signed clergy of the Lutheran Church of Schleswig have received from the invitation to the church convention in Kiel in 1867 that the following question should come up for negotiation: "To what extent do the evangelical [is] special confessions at the present time need to be independently elaborated in order to safeguard and prosperous effectiveness?" - If on the basis of this topic formulated in Kiel such If resolutions should be passed which could endanger the independence of our Lutheran Church, we feel as if servants of the Lutheran Church sworn to the Invariata, in our conscience, urged to declare: 1) We are here have no special denominations, but the Lutheran church based on the Lutheran denominations; 2) that we consider ourselves obliged to stand up for the independence of our church to the best of our ability, 3) that our Evangelical Lutheran Church has an inviolable right to its own, exclusively Lutheran, church administration, without which it ceases would be a Lutheran church. As a result, around 40 to 50 unionist and union-friendly clergy from the province met on July 25 for a conference in Neustadt in Holstein and adopted the Neustadt program , in which they called for a presbyterial-synodal church constitution for the regional church.

At the Kirchentag in Kiel from 3 to 6 September there was an exchange of blows. After the introductory service in the St. Nikolai Church with a sermon by senior pastor Andreas Detlef Jensen , who spoke about the peace of the church after Paul's first letter to the Corinthians ( 1 Cor 3 : 9–15  LUT ), Herrmann held his Lecture. In response to this, Koopmann declared: “We are standing in a Lutheran house of worship. There in the pulpit stood for many years the mighty man, whose Lutheran testimony was widely ignited, Claus Harms. Just now 50 years ago his theses, which had become church history, appeared. We are celebrating their anniversary. I am also celebrating the anniversary of the 75th thesis: «As a poor maid one would like to make the Lutheran Church rich through a copulation. Do not perform the act over Luther's bones! It comes alive from it and then - woe to you! " Dear Brothers! We can be very painful by placing us under a higher unionist authority, but we will not be hurt by it. It falls elsewhere. God advise us. Amen! ”In Herrmann's lecture, Koopmann rebuked the whole view of special denominations , about which a Lutheran church knew nothing, and demanded the right for the Lutheran church of Schleswig-Holstein to be governed by a Lutheran church authority.

The following morning the conference continued at 9 o'clock with Dorner's lecture. His lecture “found a more favorable reception and judgment among those with an ecclesiastical mind, as he does not exactly plaid for the Union.” But here, too, Koopmann felt compelled to protest against the fact that the doctrine of justification through faith in Christ as The basis and principle for a unification of the Reformation churches will be considered. “This bond does not serve to unite the churches. Because this gem should and must be preserved in its purity. Now we must not forget that it is closely related to all dogmas of the doctrine of salvation. "

Decisions and resolutions were not passed at the Kirchentage itself, which was also not within its competence. But Wichern advertised - regardless of the controversial Union issue - at the Kirchentag at Koopmann and other leading clergy in the province such as Godt, Franz Volkmar Reinhard Hansen (Provost of Schleswig), Jensen, Friedrich Mommsen , monastery preacher Heinrich Rendtorff senior. (1814–1868), Mayor Thomsen (Kiel), Ernst Friedrich Versmann (Provost zu Itzehoe) and Bernhard Weiß for the Inner Mission .

An agreement between the two main parties on the question of the Union, or even a compromise, did not come about; rather, each party continued on its own path. While the members of the Kiel theological faculty mostly took the side of the Union, Koopmann and Godt, along with the majority of the clergy, supported the Lutheran Church. Koopmann's commitment drew many to the Lutheran side. At a meeting on the fringes of the Kirchentag, 150 clergymen from all over the province declared unanimously: “One would like to go with the opponents if they wanted to join the association on the basis of the following statements: 1) We do not want to join the Oberkirchenrath; 2) we have an Evangelical Lutheran Church; 3) We would like to see a Lutheran state consistorium soon , which will have to arrange for the rest of the constitution. "

Later, however, a number of clergymen and lay people united, presided by Jensen, who wanted to take over as much of the Neustadt program as possible even without the union and decided: “We decide, if after October 1st [1867] a state consistory is not set up and given the mandate should be to introduce the introduction of a presbyterial-synodal constitution, to come together again in the course of October and to discuss further steps to achieve this goal. "Hansen, Jensen and Versmann wanted to take over the task of calling a new meeting. Since October 1867, the Union for the regional churches in the newly conquered Prussian provinces was off the table with the Prussian government.

In 1868 Koopmann took part in the General Evangelical Lutheran Conference (AELK) in Hanover, which, initially planned as a reaction to the Prussian annexations of 1866, led Lutherans and representatives of Lutheran church leaderships, including from the areas annexed by Prussia, to fight against church union Main, Hanover and Schleswig-Holstein, including Gottlieb Christoph Adolf von Harleß , Theodor Kliefoth , Christoph Ernst Luthardt and Gerhard Uhlhorn . Koopmann became an avid member of the AELK and opened its conference in Leipzig in 1870 with a celebratory sermon on the letter to the Hebrews ( Hebr 4,14  LUT ), which was also printed. When the Lutheran founders Holstein and Schleswig were merged in 1868 to form the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schleswig-Holstein , Koopmann was taken over in his previous office.

Koopmann provided Edgar Bauer , who ran a publishing house in Altona, with the issue of the Kirchliche Blätter (1870) and the Christian-Political Quarterly Journal . Koopmann "died May 20, 1871 in the house of Pastor Kräh in Hamberge, where he had come for a church visit." He was buried in the cemetery in Nordhastedt , where his daughter Katharina was married to the pastor. Koopmann's Orthodox work was remembered in the neighboring Lauenburg regional church, so that when it was absorbed into the regional church of Schleswig-Holstein, the Lauenburg synodal resolution came into effect, “because of the great differences in handling between the Schleswig-Holstein and Lauenburg churches of the teaching discipline to speak out unanimously against the entry of the Lauenburg parishes into the Schleswig-Holstein Synodal Association ”. This is how it happened, the parishes, which belonged to the Lauenburg regional church until 1878, then formed their own association in the unified regional church with the Lauenburg district until 1979 .

Koopmann had dealt with the natural sciences many times, including a conchyliological collection (mussel collection). After Koopmann's death, his friends set up the Koopmann Foundation for Orthodox theology students.

family

Koopmann's first marriage around 1840 was Luise Christiane Juliane Müller (born June 10, 1819 in Kiel; † August 14, 1853 in Lauenburg an der Elbe.) The marriage had two children:

  • Katharina Johanna Friederika Koopmann (born March 21, 1846 in Lauenburg; † September 15, 1930 in Dessau) ⚭ September 29, 1868 in Altona with Johannes Samuel Theodor Rüdiger Hachtmann (1835–1922)
  • Wilhelm Koopmann (* 1851 in Lauenburg).

After the death of his first wife Koopmann went looking for a bride , but the salaries in the regional church service were not generous. Therefore, "Koopmann was out of the question as a suitor for the youngest daughter of the Baur family ." In his second marriage, Koopmann finally married on November 10, 1868 in Barby Maria (Marie) Theodora Hachtmann (born March 6, 1831 in Groß-Wulkow; † 22 May 1906 in Dessau), the sister of his son-in-law. The marriage remained childless.

Works

Fonts

  • Protestant Christianity in its relationship to modern culture: at the same time a motivated protest against the tendencies of the so-called German Protestant Association . Nolte, Hamburg 1866
  • Communism. A worn out font . Bauer, Altona 1872
  • The basic and faith deficiency of the book: "The Christian basic and religious doctrines of the orthodox and rationalists, etc. by JF Clasen": proven by an orthodox preacher in Dithmarschen . Bünsow, Kiel 1842
  • The fundamental rights confusion in the state, church and school, highlighted with special regard to the new draft school law for the Duchy of Lauenburg . Lenses, Ratzeburg 1850
  • The Easter message. A word to the Christian community . 2 parts. Bauer, Altona 1871, part 1. The certification, part 2. Acceptance or rejection
  • Justification through belief in Christ alone in the light of modern theology . Schwers, Kiel 1870
  • The dividing wall between Christianity and anti-Christianity, described in a generally comprehensible way. As a foreword a letter to Pastor Harring . 1843.
  • The deceptions of the so-called Neumünster program for church elections . Bauer, Altona 1870
  • Pastoral letter on assuming the office of bishop . Altona 1855
  • My justification to the suspicions of the Kreuzzeitung regarding my position on our national affair: with an attachment . Mentzel, Altona 1864 (2 editions)
  • Fantasy and revelation: last word against Prof. Lipsius . Kiel 1870
  • Testimonies of Christ: Sermons , Maria (Marie) Theodora Koopmann (Ed.). Bergas, Schleswig 1876 (collection of sermons from various years with Koopmann's life outline by director HC Lange, Royal Evangelical School Teacher Seminar Segeberg)

compilation

  • Martin Luther , The small catechism Lutheri explained through biblical sayings and short sentences and the Evangelical Lutheran Church, initially its regional church . Wendeborn, Altona 1860; 2nd edition in the same year

Portraits

The following portraits of Koopmann are online:

literature

  • Eduard Alberti : Lexicon of Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg and Eutinian writers from 1866-1882: following the author's lexicon from 1829-1866 (2 volumes). Biernatzki, Kiel 1884–1886, Volume 2: A to L , p. 403.
  • Edgar Bauer : memorial sheets to Dr. theol. Wilh. Heinr. Koopmann, now bishop for Holstein. Bauer, Altona [approx.] 1871.
  • Wilhelm Hahn, Gottfried Ernst Hoffmann, Eberhard Schwarz et al .: Festschrift for the centenary of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church Office in Kiel (= writings of the Association for Schleswig-Holstein Church History; II. Series, 23/24 volume, 1967/1968) . Christian Wolff, Flensburg 1968.
  • Thorsten Jessen: Hymnal and catechism reform in the 19th century under Bishop Heinrich Wilhelm Koopmann (1814–1871) . In: Journal of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History, Vol. 141, 2016, pp. 155–171.
  • Friedrich Mommsen : Remembering Koopmann . In: New Calendar , Breslau 1880.
  • Johann Schmidt: Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich: born. September 4th, 1814 Tönning - died May 20th, 1871 Hamberge; Theologian, general superintendent . In: Schleswig-Holstein biographical lexicon . 1976, pp. 132-133.
  • Fredrik Nielsen: Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 9 : Jyde – Køtschau . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1895, p. 368-369 (Danish, runeberg.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The German National Library is the only one of the sources noting 1804 as the year of birth; DNB 11633178X .
  2. ^ A b Fredrik Nielsen: Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 9 : Jyde – Køtschau . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1895, p. 368 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Carsten Erich Carstens :  Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 653 f.
  4. ^ A b David A. Jackson (Ed.): Theodor Storm - Ernst Storm : Briefwechsel (= Storm-Briefwechsel; Volume 17). Schmidt, Berlin 2007, ISBN 3-503-09815-1 , p. 434.
  5. ^ Adolf Bartels :  Groth, Klaus . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 562-575.
  6. ↑ Complete bibliographical data: The basic Christian doctrines and beliefs of the orthodox and rationalists or of the blind and thoughtful believers in the Evangelical-Protestant Church: briefly and clearly placed one below the other for educated people of every class . Nissen, Itzehoe 1841.
  7. ^ Carsten Erich Carstens :  Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 653 f.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Carsten Erich Carstens :  Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 653 f.
  9. ↑ a b c d Wichmann von Meding: Abrogated Faith: Church history of the Duchy of Lower Saxony in today's federal state of Schleswig-Holstein (Duchy of Lauenburg) . Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-631-59779-8 , p. 262.
  10. ^ A b Adolph Moraht : Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Catenhusen: A monument . In: Vaterländisches Archiv für das Herzogthum Lauenburg , No. 4 (1864), pp. 121–245, here p. 226.
  11. ^ A b Nicholas M. Railton: The Irish Jewish missionary James Craig and the revival movement in Northern Germany . In: Pietismus und Neuzeit: A yearbook for the history of modern Protestantism , Volume 30, 2004, ISBN 3-525-55902-X , pp. 140–154, here p. 146.
  12. ↑ a b c d Fredrik Nielsen: Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 9 : Jyde – Køtschau . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1895, p. 369 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  13. ↑ No. 18. In: Provinzial-Correspondenz , (2nd year), April 27, 1864, p. 3; Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  14. ↑ Reader - Selected things from the history of the communities in Schleswig-Holstein .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Association of the Communities in the Regional Church in Schleswig-Holstein e. V., Neumünster 2001, ISBN 3-8311-2149-4 .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.vg-sh.de  
  15. ↑ a b No. 12. In: Provinzial-Correspondenz , (5th year), March 20, 1867, p. 4; Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  16. ^ A b Friedrich-Otto Scharbau : United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie (36 volumes). de Gruyter, Berlin 1977–2004, Volume 34 (2002): Trappisten / Trappistinnen - Vernunft II, pp. 581–592, here p. 583.
  17. ↑ a b c d e Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859–1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186–200, here p. 195. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  18. ↑ a b c d Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859–1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186–200, here p. 196. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  19. ↑ a b Cf. two church convention lectures, given in Kiel on September 3rd and 4th, 1867, by Prof. Dr. Dorner, Ober-Consitorialrath, and Prof. Dr. Herrmann, go. Council of Justice Hamburg . Agency of the Rough House , Hamburg 1867.
  20. ^ Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859-1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186-200, here p. 196seq. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  21. ^ Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859–1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186–200, here p. 197. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  22. ↑ a b c Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859–1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186–200, here p. 198. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  23. ↑ a b c d Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859–1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186–200, here p. 199. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  24. ↑ a b c Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859–1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186–200, here p. 200. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  25. ↑ Johann Hinrich Wichern - Daten aus Leben und Werk ( Memento of the original from July 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.diakonie-leipzig.de
  26. ↑ Johann Hinrich Wichern: 200 years in the middle of life (PDF) (= flying sheets of the Diakonisches Werk of the EKD for the anniversary year; program and information). Diaconal work of the Evangelical Church in Germany V., Stuttgart 2008, p. 25.
  27. ^ Church review in Schleswig = Holstein in October 1867 . ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Dorpater magazine for theology and church (14 volumes). 1859-1873, Volume 10 (1868), H. 1, pp. 186-200, here p. 199seq. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rescarta.utlib.ee
  28. ↑ "No. 43 “ , in: Provinzial-Correspondenz , (5th year), October 23, 1867, p. 2, accessed on November 15, 2012.
  29. ^ Bauer, 5) Edgar . In: Meyers Großes Konversations = Lexicon . 6th edition (20 volumes). Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1902–1908, Volume 2 (1904): Astilbe bis Bismarck , p. 460.
  30. ^ Eduard Alberti : Lexicon of Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg and Eutinian writers from 1866–1882: following the author's lexicon from 1829–1866 (2 volumes). Biernatzki, Kiel 1884–1886, Volume 1: A to L , p. 403.
  31. ^ "Luise Christiane Juliane Müller" , on: Frank Heidermanns , accessed on November 14, 2012.
  32. ↑ Katharina Johanna Friederika Koopmann . heidermanns.net; Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  33. ↑ Julie Grüner: Memories of the house of my grandparents Baur in Altona, Denmark [Minder fra mine Bedsteforaeldres Hjem i det danske Altona (1958); German]. Edited by Franciska Grüner, translated by Martha Steidtmann and Max Steidtmann. Society of Book Friends, Hamburg 1965, here after Friedrich Hammer: Review of Rudolf Maack, “Little History of Ottensens”. With drawings by Hilde Hudemann, Hamburg: Christiansen, 1978 . In: Journal of the Association for Hamburg History , Volume 65 (1979), pp. 263–265, here p. 264.
  34. ^ Maria Theodora (Marie) Hachtmann . heidermanns.net; Retrieved November 14, 2012.
predecessor Office successor
Johann Carl Julius Herzbruch Bishop of Holstein
1855 - 1871 		Andreas Detlef Jensen
personal data
SURNAME Koopmann, Wilhelm Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German clergyman, Lutheran bishop for Holstein
DATE OF BIRTH September 4, 1814
PLACE OF BIRTH Toenning
DATE OF DEATH May 20, 1871
Place of death Hamberge