Ouagadougou: Difference between revisions
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{{Use British English|date=May 2018}} |
{{Use British English|date=May 2018}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| official_name |
| official_name = Ouagadougou |
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| other_name |
| other_name = |
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| native_name = |
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| nickname = Ouaga |
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| settlement_type = [[Capital city]] |
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| nickname = Ouaga |
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| motto = |
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| image_skyline = {{multiple image |
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| motto = |
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| image_skyline = {{multiple image |
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| image1 = OUAGADOUGOU3.JPG |
| image1 = OUAGADOUGOU3.JPG |
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| image2 = BusteThevenoud - Ouagadougou.JPG |
| image2 = BusteThevenoud - Ouagadougou.JPG |
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| image3 = Ouaga grande mosquee.jpg |
| image3 = Ouaga grande mosquee.jpg |
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| image4 = Assemblee Nationale Burkina Faso.jpg |
| image4 = Assemblee Nationale Burkina Faso.jpg |
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| image5 = |
| image5 = Monument des Héros Nationaux, Ouagadougou.jpg |
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| border = infobox |
| border = infobox |
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| total_width = 280 |
| total_width = 280 |
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| image_style = border:1; |
| image_style = border:1; |
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| perrow = 1/2/ |
| perrow = 1/2/1 |
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}} |
}} |
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| image_caption |
| image_caption = '''From top:''' Ouagadougou skyline, statue of [[Joanny Thévenoud]] in front of [[Ouagadougou Cathedral]], Grand Mosque, [[National Assembly of Burkina Faso]], Hall of Martyrs (formerly the Memorial to National Heroes), |
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| flag_size |
| flag_size = 123px |
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| image_seal = |
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| seal_size = |
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| image_shield = New_coat_of_arms_ouaga.png |
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| seal_size = |
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| shield_size = |
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| image_map = <!-- BurkinaFaso-Ouagadougou.png --> |
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| mapsize = 150px |
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| map_caption = <!-- Location of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso --> |
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| pushpin_map = Burkina Faso#Africa |
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| pushpin_relief = 1 |
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| pushpin_map = Burkina Faso#Africa |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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| pushpin_relief=1 |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Burkina Faso |
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| pushpin_label_position = |
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| pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Burkina Faso |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| pushpin_mapsize = 300 |
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| subdivision_name = [[Burkina Faso]] |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_type1 = Region |
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| subdivision_name = [[Burkina Faso]] |
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| |
| subdivision_name1 = [[Centre Region (Burkina Faso)|Centre Region]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = Province |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Centre Region (Burkina Faso)|Centre Region]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Kadiogo]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = Province |
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| subdivision_type3 = |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Kadiogo]] |
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| subdivision_name3 = |
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| subdivision_type3 = |
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| subdivision_type4 = |
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| subdivision_name3 = |
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| subdivision_name4 = |
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| subdivision_type4 = |
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| government_footnotes = |
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| subdivision_name4 = |
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| government_type = |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
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| leader_name = [[Armand Béouindé]] (since 2016) |
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| leader_title1 = |
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| leader_name = [[Armand Béouindé]] (since 2016) |
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| leader_name1 = |
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| leader_title2 = |
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| leader_name2 = |
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| leader_title3 = |
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| leader_name3 = |
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| leader_title4 = |
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| leader_name4 = |
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| established_title = |
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| leader_name4 = |
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| established_date = |
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| established_title = |
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| established_title2 = |
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| established_date = |
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| established_date2 = |
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| established_title2 = |
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| established_title3 = |
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| established_date2 = |
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| established_date3 = |
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| established_title3 = |
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| area_magnitude = |
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| unit_pref = metric |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 520 |
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| area_land_km2 = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_total_sq_mi = |
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| area_water_km2 = |
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| area_land_sq_mi = |
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| area_water_sq_mi = |
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| area_land_sq_mi = |
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| area_water_percent = |
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| area_water_sq_mi = |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| area_urban_sq_mi = |
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| area_urban_km2 = |
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| area_metro_km2 = 2805 |
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| area_metro_sq_mi = |
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| area_metro_km2 = 2805 |
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| population_as_of = 2019 census |
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| area_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name=pop>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/burkinafaso/cities/ Citypopulation.de] Population of the major cities in Burkina Faso</ref> |
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| population_as_of = 2019 census |
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| population_note = |
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| population_footnotes = <ref name=pop>[https://www.citypopulation.de/en/burkinafaso/cities/ Citypopulation.de] Population of the major cities in Burkina Faso</ref> |
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| population_total = 2415266 |
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| population_note = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_total = 2415266 |
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| population_density_sq_mi = |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| population_metro = 3030384 |
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| population_density_sq_mi = |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = auto |
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| population_metro = 3030384 |
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| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_density_metro_km2 = auto |
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| population_urban = |
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| population_density_metro_sq_mi = |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = |
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| population_urban = |
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| population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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| population_density_urban_km2 = |
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| population_blank1_title = |
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| population_density_urban_sq_mi = |
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| population_blank1 = |
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| population_blank1_title = |
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| population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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| population_blank1 = |
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| population_density_blank1_km2 = |
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| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = |
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| timezone |
| timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] |
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| utc_offset |
| utc_offset = +0 |
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| timezone_DST = |
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| utc_offset_DST = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|12|22|07|N|01|31|39|W|region:BF|display=inline,title}} |
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| utc_offset_DST = |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| coordinates = {{coord|12|22|07|N|01|31|39|W|region:BF|display=inline,title}} |
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| elevation_m = 305 |
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| elevation_ft = |
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| postal_code_type = |
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| elevation_ft = |
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| postal_code = |
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| area_code = +226 |
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| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] |
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| blank_info = [[Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|BSh]] |
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| blank1_name = |
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| blank_info = [[Semi-arid climate#Hot semi-arid climates|BSh]] |
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| blank1_info = |
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| website = {{URL|www.mairie-ouaga.bf}} |
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| footnotes = |
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| image_flag = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Ouagadougou'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ouagadougou |title=Ouagadougou {{!}} Facts & History |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|w|ɑː|ɡ|ə|ˈ|d|uː|ɡ|uː}} {{respell|WAH|gə|DOO|goo}}, {{IPA-mos|ˈwɔɣədəɣʊ|lang}}, {{IPA-fr|waɡaduɡu|lang}}) is the [[Capital city|capital]] of [[Burkina Faso]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gouvernement.gov.bf/ |title=Bienvenue sur le site Officiel du Premier Ministère du Burkina Faso |website=gouvernement.gov.bf |access-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915153509/http://www.gouvernement.gov.bf/ |archive-date=15 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the administrative, communications, cultural |
'''Ouagadougou''' or '''Wagadugu'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ouagadougou |title=Ouagadougou {{!}} Facts & History |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en |access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref> ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|w|ɑː|ɡ|ə|ˈ|d|uː|ɡ|uː}} {{respell|WAH|gə|DOO|goo}}, {{IPA-mos|ˈwɔɣədəɣʊ|lang}}, {{IPA-fr|waɡaduɡu|lang}}) is the [[Capital city|capital]] of [[Burkina Faso]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gouvernement.gov.bf/ |title=Bienvenue sur le site Officiel du Premier Ministère du Burkina Faso |website=gouvernement.gov.bf |access-date=22 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915153509/http://www.gouvernement.gov.bf/ |archive-date=15 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic centre of the nation. It is also the [[List of cities in Burkina Faso#Largest cities|country's largest city]], with a population of 2,415,266 in 2019.<ref name=pop/> The city's name is often shortened to ''Ouaga''. The inhabitants are called ''ouagalais''. The spelling of the name ''Ouagadougou'' is derived from the [[French orthography]] common in former [[French African colonies]]. |
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Ouagadougou's primary industries are [[food processing]] and textiles.{{cn|date=December 2022}} It is served by [[Thomas Sankara International Airport Ouagadougou|an international airport]] and is linked by rail to [[Abidjan]] in the [[Ivory Coast]] and, for freight only, to [[Kaya, Burkina Faso|Kaya]].{{cn|date=December 2022}} There are several highways linking the city to [[Niamey]], [[Niger]], south to Ghana, and southwest to [[Ivory Coast]].{{cn|date=December 2022}} Ouagadougou has one of West Africa's largest markets, which burned down in 2003 and has since reopened with better facilities and improved fire-prevention measures.{{cn|date=December 2022}} Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace (site of the [[Moro-Naba Ceremony]]), the [[National Museum of Music (Burkina Faso)|National Museum of Music]], and several craft markets.{{cn|date=December 2022}} |
Ouagadougou's primary industries are [[food processing]] and textiles.{{cn|date=December 2022}} It is served by [[Thomas Sankara International Airport Ouagadougou|an international airport]] and is linked by rail to [[Abidjan]] in the [[Ivory Coast]] and, for freight only, to [[Kaya, Burkina Faso|Kaya]].{{cn|date=December 2022}} There are several highways linking the city to [[Niamey]], [[Niger]], south to Ghana, and southwest to [[Ivory Coast]].{{cn|date=December 2022}} Ouagadougou has one of West Africa's largest markets, which burned down in 2003 and has since reopened with better facilities and improved fire-prevention measures.{{cn|date=December 2022}} Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace (site of the [[Moro-Naba Ceremony]]), the [[National Museum of Music (Burkina Faso)|National Museum of Music]], and several craft markets.{{cn|date=December 2022}} |
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{{see also|Timeline of Ouagadougou}} |
{{see also|Timeline of Ouagadougou}} |
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[[File:NE 1200ad.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.4|Europe, Africa and the Near East in 1200, showing the [[Mossi Kingdoms|Kingdom of Wagadugu]] (in West Africa, just to the right of the area labeled '25') and its neighbors.]] |
[[File:NE 1200ad.jpg|right|thumb|upright=1.4|Europe, Africa and the Near East in 1200, showing the [[Mossi Kingdoms|Kingdom of Wagadugu]] (in West Africa, just to the right of the area labeled '25') and its neighbors.]] |
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Ouagadougou was founded in the 11th century |
Ouagadougou was founded in the 11th century, being originally called Kumbee-Tenga which means "the land of princes". An eponymous kingdom was founded in the 15th century by Ninsi tribespeople.<ref> Britannica, [https://www.britannica.com/place/Ouagadougou Ouagadougou], ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', US. Retrieved 18 March 2024</ref> They were in constant conflict until 1441 when Wubri, a Yonyonse hero and an important figure in [[Burkina Faso]]'s history, led his tribe to victory. He then renamed the area from "Kumbee-Tenga", as the Ninsi had called it, to "Wage sabre soba koumbem tenga", meaning "head war chief's village". The name later{{When|date=January 2024}} became "Wagadugu"; ''Ouagadougou'' is a [[Francophone]] spelling of this name. |
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An alternative theory on the origin of the name is that the town was founded by members of the [[Soninke people|Soninke]] diaspora after the fall of the [[Ghana Empire]], also known as Wagadu. The name ''Wagadugu'' would therefore mean 'home of the Wagu', the Soninke subgroup that ruled Ghana.<ref name = Kane>{{cite book |last1=Kane |first1=Oumar |title=La première hégémonie peule. Le Fuuta Tooro de Koli Teηella à Almaami Abdul |date=2004|page=57-60 |publisher=Karthala |location=Paris |url=https://www.cairn.info/la-premiere-hegemonie-peule--9782845865211-page-114.htm |access-date=18 March 2024}}</ref> |
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[[File:Memorial ouaga2000 crop.jpg|thumb| Monument des Héros Nationaux]] |
[[File:Memorial ouaga2000 crop.jpg|thumb| Monument des Héros Nationaux]] |
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The city became the [[Capital city|capital]] of the [[Mossi Empire]] in 1441 and became the permanent residence of the Mossi emperors (Moro-Naba) in 1681.<ref name="wikifr">[[:fr:Ouagadougou]]</ref> The [[Moro-Naba Ceremony]] is still performed every Friday by the Moro-Naba and his court. In 1919 the French made Ouagadougou the capital of the [[French Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] territory (basically the same area as contemporary Burkina Faso). In 1954 the railroad line from [[Ivory Coast]] reached the city. Ouagadougou's population doubled from 1954 to 1960 and has been doubling about every ten years since.<ref name="wikifr"/> |
The city became the [[Capital city|capital]] of the [[Mossi Empire]] in 1441 and became the permanent residence of the Mossi emperors (Moro-Naba) in 1681.<ref name="wikifr">[[:fr:Ouagadougou]]</ref> The [[Moro-Naba Ceremony]] is still performed every Friday by the Moro-Naba and his court. In 1919 the French made Ouagadougou the capital of the [[French Upper Volta|Upper Volta]] territory (basically the same area as contemporary Burkina Faso). In 1954 the railroad line from [[Ivory Coast]] reached the city. Ouagadougou's population doubled from 1954 to 1960 and has been doubling about every ten years since.<ref name="wikifr"/> |
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On 15 January 2016, gunmen armed with heavy weapons [[2016 Ouagadougou attacks|attacked central Ouagadougou]] at the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid Hotel. 28 people were killed,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35330169 |title=Ouagadougou blasts: Burkina Faso capital hit by gunfire |work=BBC News |date=15 January 2016 |access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="France24">{{cite news |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20160115-shots-explosions-heard-hotel-burkina-faso-capital-ouagadougou |title=Gunmen attack hotel, take hostages in Burkina Faso capital |date=15 January 2015}}</ref> and at least 56 wounded; after a government counterattack, a total of 176 [[hostage]]s were released<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso: Security forces raid besieged hotel, free hostages |date=16 January 2016 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/16/africa/burkina-faso-hotel-terrorist-attack/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> the morning after the initial attack. Three of the perpetrators were also killed. The [[jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso|jihadist insurgency]] continued with major attacks [[2017 Ouagadougou attack|in 2017]] [[2018 Ouagadougou attacks| |
On 15 January 2016, gunmen armed with heavy weapons [[2016 Ouagadougou attacks|attacked central Ouagadougou]] at the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid Hotel. 28 people were killed,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35330169 |title=Ouagadougou blasts: Burkina Faso capital hit by gunfire |work=BBC News |date=15 January 2016 |access-date=15 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="France24">{{cite news |url=http://www.france24.com/en/20160115-shots-explosions-heard-hotel-burkina-faso-capital-ouagadougou |title=Gunmen attack hotel, take hostages in Burkina Faso capital |date=15 January 2015}}</ref> and at least 56 wounded; after a government counterattack, a total of 176 [[hostage]]s were released<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burkina Faso: Security forces raid besieged hotel, free hostages |date=16 January 2016 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/16/africa/burkina-faso-hotel-terrorist-attack/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> the morning after the initial attack. Three of the perpetrators were also killed. The [[jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso|jihadist insurgency]] continued with major attacks [[2017 Ouagadougou attack|in 2017]] and [[2018 Ouagadougou attacks|2018]]. |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Ouagadougou, situated on the central plateau ({{coord|12.4|N|1.5|W}}), grew around the imperial palace of the [[Mogho Naaba]]. An administrative centre of colonial rule, it became an important urban centre in the post-colonial era. First the capital of the [[Mossi Kingdoms]] and later of Upper Volta and Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou became a veritable communal centre in 1995. |
Ouagadougou, situated on the central plateau ({{coord|12.4|N|1.5|W}}), grew around the imperial palace of the [[Mogho Naaba]]. An administrative centre of colonial rule, it became an important urban centre in the post-colonial era. First the capital of the [[Mossi Kingdoms]] and later of Upper Volta and Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou became a veritable communal centre in 1995. |
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==Climate== |
===Climate=== |
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{{see also|Burkina Faso#Geography and climate}} |
{{see also|Burkina Faso#Geography and climate}} |
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Ouagadougou's climate is [[hot semi-arid climate|hot semi-arid]] (''BSh'') under [[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen-Geiger classification]], and closely borders with [[tropical wet and dry climate|tropical wet and dry]] (''Aw''). The city is part of the Sudano-Sahelian area, with annual rainfall of about {{cvt|800|mm}}. The [[rainy season]] stretches from May to September, with an average temperature of {{cvt|28| |
Ouagadougou's climate is [[hot semi-arid climate|hot semi-arid]] (''BSh'') under [[Köppen-Geiger climate classification system|Köppen-Geiger classification]], and closely borders with [[tropical wet and dry climate|tropical wet and dry]] (''Aw''). The city is part of the Sudano-Sahelian area, with annual rainfall of about {{cvt|800|mm}}. The [[rainy season]] stretches from May to September, with an average temperature of {{cvt|28|C|1}}. The cool season runs from October to February, with a minimum average temperature of {{cvt|16|C|1}}. The maximum temperature during the hot season, which runs from March to April, can reach {{cvt|43|C|1}}. The [[harmattan]] (a dry wind) and the [[West African Monsoon]] are the two main factors that determine Ouagadougou's climate. Being further north, Ouagadougou's warmest months are slightly hotter and drier than those of [[Bobo-Dioulasso#Climate|Bobo-Dioulasso]], the country's [[list of cities in Burkina Faso#Largest cities|second most populous]] city. |
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{{Weather box|width = auto |
{{Weather box|width = auto |
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|location = Ouagadougou ( |
|location = Ouagadougou (1991–2020, extremes 1902–present) |
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|metric first = yes |
|metric first = yes |
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|single line = yes |
|single line = yes |
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|Jan record high C = 39.8 |
|Jan record high C = 39.8 |
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|Feb record high C = 42.3 |
|Feb record high C = 42.3 |
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|Mar record high C = |
|Mar record high C = 44.5 |
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|Apr record high C = 46.1 |
|Apr record high C = 46.1 |
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|May record high C = 44.5 |
|May record high C = 44.5 |
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|Dec record high C = 40.1 |
|Dec record high C = 40.1 |
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|year record high C = 46.1 |
|year record high C = 46.1 |
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|Jan high C = |
| Jan high C = 33.5 |
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|Feb high C = |
| Feb high C = 36.5 |
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|Mar high C = |
| Mar high C = 39.3 |
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|Apr high C = |
| Apr high C = 40.0 |
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|May high C = |
| May high C = 38.4 |
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|Jun high C = |
| Jun high C = 35.6 |
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|Jul high C = 32. |
| Jul high C = 32.9 |
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|Aug high C = 31. |
| Aug high C = 31.6 |
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|Sep high C = |
| Sep high C = 33.1 |
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|Oct high C = |
| Oct high C = 36.0 |
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|Nov high C = |
| Nov high C = 36.7 |
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|Dec high C = |
| Dec high C = 34.4 |
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|year high C = |
| year high C = 35.7 |
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|Jan low C = 16.5 |
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| Jan mean C = 25.0 |
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| Feb mean C = 28.1 |
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| Mar mean C = 31.7 |
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| Apr mean C = 33.5 |
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| May mean C = 32.5 |
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| Jun mean C = 30.1 |
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| Jul mean C = 27.8 |
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| Aug mean C = 26.8 |
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| Sep mean C = 27.7 |
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| Oct mean C = 29.6 |
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| Nov mean C = 28.3 |
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| Dec mean C = 25.7 |
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| year mean C = 28.9 |
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| Jan low C = 17.1 |
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| Feb low C = 20.0 |
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| Mar low C = 24.3 |
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| Apr low C = 27.4 |
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| May low C = 27.1 |
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| Jun low C = 25.1 |
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| Jul low C = 23.4 |
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| Aug low C = 22.9 |
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| Sep low C = 23.1 |
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| Oct low C = 23.9 |
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| Nov low C = 20.4 |
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| Dec low C = 17.5 |
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| year low C = 22.7 |
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|Jan record low C = 8.5 |
|Jan record low C = 8.5 |
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|Feb record low C = 10.4 |
|Feb record low C = 10.4 |
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| Line 187: | Line 206: | ||
|Dec record low C = 9.5 |
|Dec record low C = 9.5 |
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|year record low C = 8.5 |
|year record low C = 8.5 |
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| |
| precipitation colour = green |
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|Jan |
| Jan precipitation mm = 0.1 |
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|Feb |
| Feb precipitation mm = 0.4 |
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|Mar |
| Mar precipitation mm = 4.7 |
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|Apr |
| Apr precipitation mm = 23.8 |
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|May |
| May precipitation mm = 60.8 |
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|Jun |
| Jun precipitation mm = 83.4 |
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|Jul |
| Jul precipitation mm = 202.4 |
||
|Aug |
| Aug precipitation mm = 232.1 |
||
|Sep |
| Sep precipitation mm = 142.5 |
||
|Oct |
| Oct precipitation mm = 32.0 |
||
|Nov |
| Nov precipitation mm = 0.6 |
||
|Dec |
| Dec precipitation mm = 0.0 |
||
|year |
| year precipitation mm = 782.8 |
||
|unit rain days = 0.1 mm |
|||
| |
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |
||
| |
| Jan precipitation days = 0.0 |
||
| |
| Feb precipitation days = 0.1 |
||
| |
| Mar precipitation days = 0.4 |
||
| |
| Apr precipitation days = 2.2 |
||
| |
| May precipitation days = 5.2 |
||
| |
| Jun precipitation days = 7.0 |
||
| |
| Jul precipitation days = 12.3 |
||
| |
| Aug precipitation days = 14.4 |
||
| |
| Sep precipitation days = 10.4 |
||
| |
| Oct precipitation days = 3.6 |
||
| |
| Nov precipitation days = 0.1 |
||
| |
| Dec precipitation days = 0.0 |
||
| year precipitation days = 55.7 |
|||
|Jan humidity = 24 |
|Jan humidity = 24 |
||
|Feb humidity = 21 |
|Feb humidity = 21 |
||
| Line 228: | Line 248: | ||
|Dec humidity = 29 |
|Dec humidity = 29 |
||
|year humidity = 48 |
|year humidity = 48 |
||
|Jan sun = |
| Jan sun = 271.1 |
||
|Feb sun = |
| Feb sun = 245.9 |
||
|Mar sun = |
| Mar sun = 245.4 |
||
|Apr sun = |
| Apr sun = 232.2 |
||
|May sun = |
| May sun = 250.0 |
||
|Jun sun = |
| Jun sun = 235.9 |
||
|Jul sun = |
| Jul sun = 221.8 |
||
|Aug sun = |
| Aug sun = 194.8 |
||
|Sep sun = |
| Sep sun = 218.1 |
||
|Oct sun = |
| Oct sun = 264.9 |
||
|Nov sun = |
| Nov sun = 277.4 |
||
|Dec sun = |
| Dec sun = 283.4 |
||
|year sun = |
| year sun = 2940.9 |
||
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name= |
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]],<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web |
||
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/BurkinaFaso/CSV/OUAGADOUGOU_65503.csv |
|||
{{cite web |url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1532 |title=World Weather Information Service – Ouagadougou Aero |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name=meteoclimat> |
|||
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ouagadougou |
|||
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
|||
|access-date = January 4, 2024}}</ref> Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name=meteoclimat> |
|||
{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=681 |title=Station Ouagadougou |publisher=Meteo Climat |language=fr |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> |
{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=681 |title=Station Ouagadougou |publisher=Meteo Climat |language=fr |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> |
||
|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1961–1967 |
|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1961–1967)<ref name=DWD> |
||
{{cite web |url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_655030_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Ouagadougou / Burkina Faso (Obervolta) |work=Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |language=de |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> |
{{cite web |url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_655030_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Ouagadougou / Burkina Faso (Obervolta) |work=Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world |publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst |language=de |access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref> |
||
}} |
}} |
||
==Government== |
==Government== |
||
[[File:Hotel de ville Ouagadougou.jpg|thumb|Town Hall of Ouagadougou]] |
[[File:Hotel de ville Ouagadougou.jpg|thumb|Town Hall of Ouagadougou]] |
||
Ouagadougou's first municipal elections were held in 1956. |
Ouagadougou's first municipal elections were held in 1956.<ref name=":0" /> |
||
The city is divided into five [[arrondissement|arrondissements]], consisting of 30 sectors, which are subdivided into districts.{{cn|date=December 2022}} Districts of Ouagadougou include Gounghin, Kamsaoghin, Koulouba, Moemmin, Niogsin, Paspanga, Peuloghin, Bilbalogho, and Tiendpalogo. |
The city is divided into five [[arrondissement|arrondissements]], consisting of 30 sectors, which are subdivided into districts.{{cn|date=December 2022}} Districts of Ouagadougou include Gounghin, Kamsaoghin, Koulouba, Moemmin, Niogsin, Paspanga, Peuloghin, Bilbalogho, and Tiendpalogo. |
||
The population of this area is estimated at 1,475,000, 48% of whom are men and 52% women.{{cn|date=December 2022}} The rural population is about 5% and the urban population about 95% of the total, and the density is 6,727 inhabitants per square kilometre, according to the 2006 census.{{cn|date=December 2022}} |
|||
Ouagadougou's communes have invested in huge city-management projects. This is largely because Ouagadougou constitutes a 'cultural centre' by merit of holding the [[SIAO]] (International Arts and Crafts fair) and the [[FESPACO]] (Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou). Moreover, the villages' growing affluence allows for such investment, and the population's rapid growth necessitates it.<ref name="Com"/> |
Ouagadougou's communes have invested in huge city-management projects. This is largely because Ouagadougou constitutes a 'cultural centre' by merit of holding the [[SIAO]] (International Arts and Crafts fair) and the [[FESPACO]] (Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou). Moreover, the villages' growing affluence allows for such investment, and the population's rapid growth necessitates it.<ref name="Com"/> |
||
| Line 287: | Line 308: | ||
==Sport== |
==Sport== |
||
{{unsourced section|date=December 2022}} |
{{unsourced section|date=December 2022}} |
||
Ouagadougou's inhabitants play a wide array of sports, including association football, basketball, and volleyball. There are tournaments and activities organized by the local authorities. The [[Stade du 4-Août]] is the home of [[Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou]], the city's main [[Association |
Ouagadougou's inhabitants play a wide array of sports, including association football, basketball, and volleyball. There are tournaments and activities organized by the local authorities. The [[Stade du 4-Août]] is the home of [[Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou]], the city's main [[Association football|football]] team. |
||
==Health== |
==Health== |
||
| Line 293: | Line 314: | ||
==Transport== |
==Transport== |
||
[[File:Gare Ouagadougou 2013.jpg|thumb|Ouagadougou train station]] |
|||
[[File:Air Burkina 2012.jpg|thumb|Ouagadougou International Airport]] |
[[File:Air Burkina 2012.jpg|thumb|Ouagadougou International Airport]] |
||
[[File:Gare Ouagadougou 2013.jpg|thumb|Ouagadougou train station]] |
|||
Many residents travel on motorcycles and mopeds. The large private vendor of motorcycles JC Megamonde sells 50,000 motorbikes and mopeds every year.<ref name="wikifr"/> |
Many residents travel on motorcycles and mopeds. The large private vendor of motorcycles JC Megamonde sells 50,000 motorbikes and mopeds every year.<ref name="wikifr"/> |
||
| Line 312: | Line 333: | ||
Ouagadougou is an important commercial centre. It is a centre where goods are collected and directed to rural areas. With a large consumer base, large amounts of energy sources, raw materials for buildings, agricultural products and livestock products are imported to the city.<ref name=oue/> |
Ouagadougou is an important commercial centre. It is a centre where goods are collected and directed to rural areas. With a large consumer base, large amounts of energy sources, raw materials for buildings, agricultural products and livestock products are imported to the city.<ref name=oue/> |
||
The economy is dominated by the informal sector, which is characterized by petty commodity production, and workers not necessarily having salaries. Traditional, informal trade is widespread and concentrated around markets and major roads, as well as in outlets in neighborhoods. There are also instances of modern economic practices with workplaces having qualified, stable labor forces, or more traditional forms of business such as family businesses.<ref name=oue/> |
The economy is dominated by the [[informal sector]], which is characterized by petty commodity production, and workers not necessarily having salaries. Traditional, informal trade is widespread and concentrated around markets and major roads, as well as in outlets in neighborhoods. There are also instances of modern economic practices with workplaces having qualified, stable labor forces, or more traditional forms of business such as family businesses.<ref name=oue/> |
||
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Informal trade"> |
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Informal trade"> |
||
| Line 339: | Line 360: | ||
==Parks== |
==Parks== |
||
{{Unreferencedsect|date=January 2024}} |
|||
The Bangr-Weoogo urban park (area: {{cvt|2.63|km2|sqmi|0}}), before colonialism, belonged to the Mosse chiefs. Considering it a sacred forest, many went there for traditional initiations or for refuge. The French colonists, disregarding its local significance and history, established it as a park in the 1930s. In 1985, renovations were done in the park. In January 2001, the park was renamed "Parc Urbain Bangr-Weoogo", meaning "the urban park of the forest of knowledge". |
The Bangr-Weoogo urban park (area: {{cvt|2.63|km2|sqmi|0}}), before colonialism, belonged to the Mosse chiefs. Considering it a sacred forest, many went there for traditional initiations or for refuge. The French colonists, disregarding its local significance and history, established it as a park in the 1930s. In 1985, renovations were done in the park. In January 2001, the park was renamed "Parc Urbain Bangr-Weoogo", meaning "the urban park of the forest of knowledge". |
||
| Line 351: | Line 373: | ||
* [[National Museum of Music]]: exhibits all the musical instruments of Burkina Faso. |
* [[National Museum of Music]]: exhibits all the musical instruments of Burkina Faso. |
||
* [[Musée de Manega]]: also exhibits musical instruments of Burkina Faso, Mossi rifles and other cultural items. Located {{cvt|55|km|mi|0}} northwest of the city. |
* [[Musée de Manega]]: also exhibits musical instruments of Burkina Faso, Mossi rifles and other cultural items. Located {{cvt|55|km|mi|0}} northwest of the city. |
||
* "Naba Koom": a statue depicting a woman handling a [[calabash]] to pour water. The {{ |
* "Naba Koom": a statue depicting a woman handling a [[calabash]] to pour water. The {{convert|6|m|ft|-high|adj=mid}} statue faces the railway station, welcoming travellers into Ouaga. The place bears the name of an important chief in Burkina Faso's history. |
||
* "Laongo": {{cvt|30|km|mi|0}} east of the city, features enormous granite slabs that were designed by various sculptors. The exhibit displays works of art from five continents.<ref name="Com"/> |
* "Laongo": {{cvt|30|km|mi|0}} east of the city, features enormous granite slabs that were designed by various sculptors. The exhibit displays works of art from five continents.<ref name="Com"/> |
||
* "La Place du Grand Lyon": a monument that reflects the relationship between Burkina Faso's capital and Lyon in France. It is located near the French cultural centre George Melies and features an imposing lion. A zoo called "Parc Animalier de Ziniaré": located {{cvt|30|km|mi|0}} east of the city in the hometown of the former president Blaise Compaoré. |
* "La Place du Grand Lyon": a monument that reflects the relationship between Burkina Faso's capital and Lyon in France. It is located near the French cultural centre George Melies and features an imposing lion. A zoo called "Parc Animalier de Ziniaré": located {{cvt|30|km|mi|0}} east of the city in the hometown of the former president Blaise Compaoré. |
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| Line 358: | Line 380: | ||
Several international festivals and activities are organized within the municipality, such as [[FESPACO]] (Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou), which is Africa's largest festival of this type, [[SIAO]] (International Art and Craft Fair), FESPAM (Pan-African Music Festival), FITMO (International Theatre and Marionnette Festival) and FESTIVO.<ref name="Com"/><ref name="G">La Girafe (2004). Ouaga-ca-bouge. Retrieved 19 March 2006 from [http://www.Ouaga-ca-bouge.net Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> |
Several international festivals and activities are organized within the municipality, such as [[FESPACO]] (Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou), which is Africa's largest festival of this type, [[SIAO]] (International Art and Craft Fair), FESPAM (Pan-African Music Festival), FITMO (International Theatre and Marionnette Festival) and FESTIVO.<ref name="Com"/><ref name="G">La Girafe (2004). Ouaga-ca-bouge. Retrieved 19 March 2006 from [http://www.Ouaga-ca-bouge.net Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> |
||
=== Places of worship === |
=== Places of worship === |
||
[[File:Ouaga grande mosquee.jpg|thumb|Ouagadougou Grand Mosque]] |
[[File:Ouaga grande mosquee.jpg|thumb|Ouagadougou Grand Mosque]] |
||
The most common [[places of worship]] are [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques.<ref> J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ''Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices'', ABC-CLIO, US, 2010, p. 455</ref> There are also numerous [[Christianity|Christian]] churches: [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ouagadougou]] ([[Catholic Church]]), [[Association of Reformed Evangelical Church of Burkina Faso]] ([[World Communion of Reformed Churches]]), [[Assemblies of God]], [[Deeper Life Bible Church]], and the [[International Evangelism Center]]. |
The most common [[places of worship]] are [[Islam|Muslim]] mosques.<ref> J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ''Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices'', ABC-CLIO, US, 2010, p. 455</ref> There are also numerous [[Christianity|Christian]] churches: [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ouagadougou]] ([[Catholic Church]]), [[Association of Reformed Evangelical Church of Burkina Faso]] ([[World Communion of Reformed Churches]]), [[Assemblies of God]], [[Deeper Life Bible Church]], and the [[International Evangelism Center]]. |
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| Line 364: | Line 386: | ||
== Notable people == |
== Notable people == |
||
* [[Malika Ouattara]] – slam poet and activist |
* [[Malika Ouattara]] – slam poet and activist |
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* [[Dango Ouattara]] - Footballer |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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| Line 378: | Line 401: | ||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
{{Commons category}} |
|||
{{Wikivoyage}} |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629001118/http://www.mairie-ouaga.bf/ Official website of the government of Ouagadougou] {{in lang|fr}} |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629001118/http://www.mairie-ouaga.bf/ Official website of the government of Ouagadougou] {{in lang|fr}} |
||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427024915/http://www.izf.net/izf/documentation/cartes/centreVille/ouagadougou.htm The plan of Ouagdougou] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060427024915/http://www.izf.net/izf/documentation/cartes/centreVille/ouagadougou.htm The plan of Ouagdougou] |
||
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/UV/53/Ouagadougou.html Falling Rain Genomics: World Index, and other pages] |
* [http://www.fallingrain.com/world/UV/53/Ouagadougou.html Falling Rain Genomics: World Index, and other pages] |
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{{Sister bar|auto=y}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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{{List of African capitals}} |
{{List of African capitals}} |
||
Latest revision as of 19:59, 27 April 2024
Ouagadougou | |
|---|---|
From top: Ouagadougou skyline, statue of Joanny Thévenoud in front of Ouagadougou Cathedral, Grand Mosque, National Assembly of Burkina Faso, Hall of Martyrs (formerly the Memorial to National Heroes), | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: Ouaga | |
  Ouagadougou Location within Burkina Faso  Ouagadougou Ouagadougou (Africa) | |
| Coordinates: 12°22′07″N 01°31′39″W / 12.36861°N 1.52750°W | |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Centre Region |
| Province | Kadiogo |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Armand Béouindé (since 2016) |
| Area | |
| • Capital city | 520 km2 (200 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,805 km2 (1,083 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 305 m (1,001 ft) |
| Population (2019 census)[1] | |
| • Capital city | 2,415,266 |
| • Density | 4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,030,384 |
| • Metro density | 1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |
| Area code | +226 |
| Climate | BSh |
| Website | www |
Ouagadougou or Wagadugu[2] (/ˌwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/ WAH-gə-DOO-goo, Mossi: [ˈwɔɣədəɣʊ], French: [waɡaduɡu]) is the capital of Burkina Faso,[3] and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic centre of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 2,415,266 in 2019.[1] The city's name is often shortened to Ouaga. The inhabitants are called ouagalais. The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies.
Ouagadougou's primary industries are food processing and textiles.[citation needed] It is served by an international airport and is linked by rail to Abidjan in the Ivory Coast and, for freight only, to Kaya.[citation needed] There are several highways linking the city to Niamey, Niger, south to Ghana, and southwest to Ivory Coast.[citation needed] Ouagadougou has one of West Africa's largest markets, which burned down in 2003 and has since reopened with better facilities and improved fire-prevention measures.[citation needed] Other attractions include the National Museum of Burkina Faso, the Moro-Naba Palace (site of the Moro-Naba Ceremony), the National Museum of Music, and several craft markets.[citation needed]
History[edit]
Ouagadougou was founded in the 11th century, being originally called Kumbee-Tenga which means "the land of princes". An eponymous kingdom was founded in the 15th century by Ninsi tribespeople.[4] They were in constant conflict until 1441 when Wubri, a Yonyonse hero and an important figure in Burkina Faso's history, led his tribe to victory. He then renamed the area from "Kumbee-Tenga", as the Ninsi had called it, to "Wage sabre soba koumbem tenga", meaning "head war chief's village". The name later[when?] became "Wagadugu"; Ouagadougou is a Francophone spelling of this name.
An alternative theory on the origin of the name is that the town was founded by members of the Soninke diaspora after the fall of the Ghana Empire, also known as Wagadu. The name Wagadugu would therefore mean 'home of the Wagu', the Soninke subgroup that ruled Ghana.[5]
The city became the capital of the Mossi Empire in 1441 and became the permanent residence of the Mossi emperors (Moro-Naba) in 1681.[6] The Moro-Naba Ceremony is still performed every Friday by the Moro-Naba and his court. In 1919 the French made Ouagadougou the capital of the Upper Volta territory (basically the same area as contemporary Burkina Faso). In 1954 the railroad line from Ivory Coast reached the city. Ouagadougou's population doubled from 1954 to 1960 and has been doubling about every ten years since.[6]
On 15 January 2016, gunmen armed with heavy weapons attacked central Ouagadougou at the Cappuccino restaurant and the Splendid Hotel. 28 people were killed,[7][8] and at least 56 wounded; after a government counterattack, a total of 176 hostages were released[9] the morning after the initial attack. Three of the perpetrators were also killed. The jihadist insurgency continued with major attacks in 2017 and 2018.
Geography[edit]
 |
Ouagadougou, situated on the central plateau (12°24′N 1°30′W / 12.4°N 1.5°W), grew around the imperial palace of the Mogho Naaba. An administrative centre of colonial rule, it became an important urban centre in the post-colonial era. First the capital of the Mossi Kingdoms and later of Upper Volta and Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou became a veritable communal centre in 1995.
Climate[edit]
Ouagadougou's climate is hot semi-arid (BSh) under Köppen-Geiger classification, and closely borders with tropical wet and dry (Aw). The city is part of the Sudano-Sahelian area, with annual rainfall of about 800 mm (31 in). The rainy season stretches from May to September, with an average temperature of 28 °C (82.4 °F). The cool season runs from October to February, with a minimum average temperature of 16 °C (60.8 °F). The maximum temperature during the hot season, which runs from March to April, can reach 43 °C (109.4 °F). The harmattan (a dry wind) and the West African Monsoon are the two main factors that determine Ouagadougou's climate. Being further north, Ouagadougou's warmest months are slightly hotter and drier than those of Bobo-Dioulasso, the country's second most populous city.
| Climate data for Ouagadougou (1991–2020, extremes 1902–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 39.8 (103.6) |
42.3 (108.1) |
44.5 (112.1) |
46.1 (115.0) |
44.5 (112.1) |
41.3 (106.3) |
38.8 (101.8) |
36.6 (97.9) |
38.6 (101.5) |
41.0 (105.8) |
40.5 (104.9) |
40.1 (104.2) |
46.1 (115.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.5 (92.3) |
36.5 (97.7) |
39.3 (102.7) |
40.0 (104.0) |
38.4 (101.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
32.9 (91.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.1 (91.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
35.7 (96.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.0 (77.0) |
28.1 (82.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
30.1 (86.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
28.9 (84.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
27.4 (81.3) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.1 (73.6) |
23.9 (75.0) |
20.4 (68.7) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.8 (58.6) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
17.9 (64.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
17.6 (63.7) |
13.0 (55.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.1 (0.00) |
0.4 (0.02) |
4.7 (0.19) |
23.8 (0.94) |
60.8 (2.39) |
83.4 (3.28) |
202.4 (7.97) |
232.1 (9.14) |
142.5 (5.61) |
32.0 (1.26) |
0.6 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
782.8 (30.82) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 12.3 | 14.4 | 10.4 | 3.6 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 55.7 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 24 | 21 | 22 | 36 | 50 | 64 | 72 | 80 | 77 | 60 | 38 | 29 | 48 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 271.1 | 245.9 | 245.4 | 232.2 | 250.0 | 235.9 | 221.8 | 194.8 | 218.1 | 264.9 | 277.4 | 283.4 | 2,940.9 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[10] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1961–1967)[12] | |||||||||||||
Government[edit]
Ouagadougou's first municipal elections were held in 1956.[2]
The city is divided into five arrondissements, consisting of 30 sectors, which are subdivided into districts.[citation needed] Districts of Ouagadougou include Gounghin, Kamsaoghin, Koulouba, Moemmin, Niogsin, Paspanga, Peuloghin, Bilbalogho, and Tiendpalogo.
Ouagadougou's communes have invested in huge city-management projects. This is largely because Ouagadougou constitutes a 'cultural centre' by merit of holding the SIAO (International Arts and Crafts fair) and the FESPACO (Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou). Moreover, the villages' growing affluence allows for such investment, and the population's rapid growth necessitates it.[13]
| Arrondissement | Population (Census 2006)[14] |
|---|---|
| Baskuy | 180,512 |
| Bogodogo | 374,473 |
| Boulmiougou | 366,182 |
| Nongremassom | 188,329 |
| Sig-Noghin | 163,859 |
Education[edit]
Though literacy in Ouagadougou is not high, there are three universities in the city. The largest is the state University of Ouagadougou, which was founded in 1974. In 2010 it had around 40,000 students (83% of the national population of university students).[15]
The city's official language is French and the principal local languages are More, Dyula and Fulfulde. The bilingual program in schools (French plus one of the local languages) was established in 1994.[13]
International schools include:
Sport[edit]
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Ouagadougou's inhabitants play a wide array of sports, including association football, basketball, and volleyball. There are tournaments and activities organized by the local authorities. The Stade du 4-Août is the home of Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou, the city's main football team.
Health[edit]
Ouagadougou has both state and private hospitals. The two state hospitals in the city are the Centre hospitalier national Yalgado Ouedraogo (CHNYO) and the Centre hospitalier national pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle (CHNP-CDG). Despite that, the local population still largely can only afford traditional local medicine and the "pharmacopée".[13]
Transport[edit]
Many residents travel on motorcycles and mopeds. The large private vendor of motorcycles JC Megamonde sells 50,000 motorbikes and mopeds every year.[6]
Ouagadougou's citizens also travel in green cabs, which take their passengers anywhere in town for 200 to 400 CFA, but the price is higher after 10:00 pm and can then reach 1000 CFA. [citation needed]
Air transport[edit]
Thomas Sankara International Airport Ouagadougou (code OUA) serves the area with flights to West Africa and Europe. Air Burkina has its head office in the Air Burkina Storey Building (French: Immeuble Air Burkina) in Ouagadougou.[16][17]
Rail[edit]
Ouagadougou is connected by passenger rail service to Bobo-Dioulasso, Koudougou and Ivory Coast. As of June 2014, Sitarail operates a passenger train three times a week along the route from Ouagadougou to Abidjan.[18] There are freight services to Kaya in the north of Burkina Faso and in 2014 plans were announced to revive freight services to the Manganese mine at Tambao starting in 2016.[19]
Economy[edit]
The economy of Ouagadougou is based on industry and commerce. Some industrial facilities have relocated from Bobo-Dioulasso to Ouagadougou, which has made the city an important industrial centre of Burkina Faso. The industrial areas of Kossodo and Gounghin are home to several processing plants and factories. The industry of Ouagadougou is sector that fuels urban growth, as people move to the city from the countryside to find employment in industry.[20] The Copromof workshop in Ouagadougou sews cotton lingerie for the French label "Atelier Augusti."[21]
Ouagadougou is an important commercial centre. It is a centre where goods are collected and directed to rural areas. With a large consumer base, large amounts of energy sources, raw materials for buildings, agricultural products and livestock products are imported to the city.[20]
The economy is dominated by the informal sector, which is characterized by petty commodity production, and workers not necessarily having salaries. Traditional, informal trade is widespread and concentrated around markets and major roads, as well as in outlets in neighborhoods. There are also instances of modern economic practices with workplaces having qualified, stable labor forces, or more traditional forms of business such as family businesses.[20]
- Informal trade
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-
-
-
-
The tertiary sector is also an important part of the economy. This comprises communications, banking, transport, bars, restaurants, hotels, as well as administrative jobs.[20]
Twin towns – sister cities[edit]
Ouagadougou is twinned with:
- Bordeaux, France[22]
- Briton Ferry, Wales, United Kingdom[23]
- Grenoble, France[24]
- Kumasi, Ghana[citation needed]
- Kuwait City, Kuwait[citation needed]
- Leuze-en-Hainaut, Belgium[25]
- Lyon, France[26]
- Taipei, Taiwan[27]
- Zhengzhou, China[28]
Parks[edit]
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The Bangr-Weoogo urban park (area: 2.63 km2 (1 sq mi)), before colonialism, belonged to the Mosse chiefs. Considering it a sacred forest, many went there for traditional initiations or for refuge. The French colonists, disregarding its local significance and history, established it as a park in the 1930s. In 1985, renovations were done in the park. In January 2001, the park was renamed "Parc Urbain Bangr-Weoogo", meaning "the urban park of the forest of knowledge".
Another notable park in Ouagadougou is the "L'Unité Pédagogique", which shelters animals in a semi-free state. This botanic garden/biosphere system stretches over 8 ha (20 acres) and also serves as a museum for the country's history.
"Jardin de l'amitié Ouaga-Loudun" (Garden of Ouaga-Loudun Friendship), with a green space that was renovated in 1996, is a symbol of the twin-city relationship between Ouagadougou and Loudun in France. It is situated in the centre of the city, near the "Nation Unies' crossroads".
Culture[edit]
There are a number of cultural and art venues, such as the Maison du Peuple and Salle des Banquets, in addition to performances of many genres of music, including traditional folk music, modern music, and rap.[13]
- National Museum of Music: exhibits all the musical instruments of Burkina Faso.
- Musée de Manega: also exhibits musical instruments of Burkina Faso, Mossi rifles and other cultural items. Located 55 km (34 mi) northwest of the city.
- "Naba Koom": a statue depicting a woman handling a calabash to pour water. The 6-metre-high (20 ft) statue faces the railway station, welcoming travellers into Ouaga. The place bears the name of an important chief in Burkina Faso's history.
- "Laongo": 30 km (19 mi) east of the city, features enormous granite slabs that were designed by various sculptors. The exhibit displays works of art from five continents.[13]
- "La Place du Grand Lyon": a monument that reflects the relationship between Burkina Faso's capital and Lyon in France. It is located near the French cultural centre George Melies and features an imposing lion. A zoo called "Parc Animalier de Ziniaré": located 30 km (19 mi) east of the city in the hometown of the former president Blaise Compaoré.
Art and crafts[edit]
Several international festivals and activities are organized within the municipality, such as FESPACO (Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou), which is Africa's largest festival of this type, SIAO (International Art and Craft Fair), FESPAM (Pan-African Music Festival), FITMO (International Theatre and Marionnette Festival) and FESTIVO.[13][29]
Places of worship[edit]
The most common places of worship are Muslim mosques.[30] There are also numerous Christian churches: Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ouagadougou (Catholic Church), Association of Reformed Evangelical Church of Burkina Faso (World Communion of Reformed Churches), Assemblies of God, Deeper Life Bible Church, and the International Evangelism Center.
Notable people[edit]
- Malika Ouattara – slam poet and activist
- Dango Ouattara - Footballer
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b Citypopulation.de Population of the major cities in Burkina Faso
- ^ a b "Ouagadougou | Facts & History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ "Bienvenue sur le site Officiel du Premier Ministère du Burkina Faso". gouvernement.gov.bf. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2019.
- ^ Britannica, Ouagadougou, Encyclopædia Britannica, US. Retrieved 18 March 2024
- ^ Kane, Oumar (2004). La première hégémonie peule. Le Fuuta Tooro de Koli Teηella à Almaami Abdul. Paris: Karthala. p. 57-60. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ a b c fr:Ouagadougou
- ^ "Ouagadougou blasts: Burkina Faso capital hit by gunfire". BBC News. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
- ^ "Gunmen attack hotel, take hostages in Burkina Faso capital". 15 January 2015.
- ^ "Burkina Faso: Security forces raid besieged hotel, free hostages". CNN. 16 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ouagadougou". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ "Station Ouagadougou" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Ouagadougou / Burkina Faso (Obervolta)" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f Commune Ouagadougou.(2005). Mairie de Ouagadougou. Retrieved 19 March 2006 from http://www.mairie-Ouaga.bf Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ National 2006 census final results Archived 21 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government of France, MINISTERE DES AFFAIRES ETRANGERES ET EUROPEENNES, AMBASSADE DE FRANCE AU BURKINA FASO, FICHE BURKINA FASO (French) http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/IMG/pdf/BURKINA_18-5-11__2_.pdf
- ^ "Contact-us Archived 5 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine". Air Burkina. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
- ^ "Contactez-nous Archived 16 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine." Air Burkina. Retrieved 19 October 2009.
- ^ European Rail Timetable, Summer 2014 Edition, (journey time is 43 to 48 hours)
- ^ Pan African Minerals receives permission from Burkina Faso for Tambao manganese project, 19 May 2014
- ^ a b c d Ouedraogo, R Ulysse Emmanuel. "Chapitre 1 : Ouagadougou, une agglomération dynamique" (in French). University of Ouagadougou.
- ^ Smith, Alex Duval (1 July 2014). "Burkina Faso's French knicker-makers". BBC News – Africa. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- ^ "Les villes partenaires". bordeaux.fr (in French). Bordeaux. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Twin Towns of Wales: Hay-on-Wye and Timbuktu, Briton Ferry and Ouagadougou, here are the sister cities of Welsh towns". walesonline.co.uk. Wales Online. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Jumelages et coopérations". grenoble.fr (in French). Grenoble. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Jumelage Leuze-Ouagadougou". leuze-en-hainaut.be (in French). Leuze-en-Hainaut. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Jumelage". economie.grandlyon.com (in French). Grand Lyon économie. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "International Sister Cities". tcc.gov.tw. Taipei City Council. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ "Lutte contre le COVID-19: la Chine multiplie les dons pour le Burkina Faso". chinafrique.com (in French). Chinafrique. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ La Girafe (2004). Ouaga-ca-bouge. Retrieved 19 March 2006 from Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso (in French)
- ^ J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, ABC-CLIO, US, 2010, p. 455
Bibliography[edit]
External links[edit]
- Official website of the government of Ouagadougou (in French)
- The plan of Ouagdougou
- Falling Rain Genomics: World Index, and other pages
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