Education system in Berlin

Presidential Office of the Free University of Berlin

The education system in Berlin comprises a large number of public and private institutions and is closely linked to the educational landscape in Germany .

history

In 1717, King Friedrich Wilhelm I introduced compulsory schooling for children between the ages of five and twelve in Prussia . First of all, religion, reading, writing and arithmetic were taught.

The Berlin Bauakademie was founded by King Friedrich Wilhelm III as a teaching institute for civil engineering in 1799. founded.

Day care centers

Kindergarten in Wittenau

In Berlin, from the age of one, every child has a legal right to daily half-day support of up to seven hours in a day care center or day care center. Crèche places have been free of charge since 2018. Around 46% of the under three year olds in the city and around 95% of the 3 to 6 year olds were cared for in daycare centers in 2016.

In 2017, the Berlin daycare centers had an above-average proportion of children with language deficits in the colloquial language German in the last year of daycare compared to the rest of Germany. Due to the poorly developed German vocabulary in around 15–20% of the daycare children of one year, this group has learning problems when participating in the secondary school facilities.

school-system

Berlin has a six-year primary school and, since 2010, a subsequent two-tier high school system with integrated secondary schools and grammar schools . In the 2015/16 school year there were almost 340,000 students at 799 general education schools in Berlin, including 138 private schools . The country has 433 elementary schools and 165 integrated secondary schools, as well as 113 grammar schools, 10 Waldorf schools and 77 special schools .

In February 2004 a new school law was passed. The main reforms were the shortening of the school time up to the Abitur (general higher education entrance qualification) from thirteen to twelve years , the intermediate school leaving certificate in the tenth grade and a written examination to obtain the secondary school leaving certificate . This exam is also taken at high schools. The central high school diploma was introduced in the subjects of German , mathematics and foreign languages . At thirteen high schools with a “ high-speed program ” it is possible to take the Abitur one year earlier, that is, after the new school law came into force after eleven years.

Vocational schools

Max Taut School (Upper School Center)

A total of 38,633 apprentices were in vocational training in 2016 , 9,355 of them in skilled trades . The most popular apprenticeships in Berlin in that year were office management clerk (2,572) followed by retail clerk (2,251). 18,273 apprentices acquired a professional qualification.

See also : School structural reform in Berlin  and category: School in Berlin

Colleges

→ Main article : Universities and research institutions in Berlin

Berlin looks back on more than 200 years of scientific history. 40 Nobel Prize winners taught and worked at the city's institutes and universities. A large number of internationally active scientific and research institutions are currently concentrated in Berlin . As a university city, Berlin is one of the world's most respected educational locations.

Around 180,000 students were enrolled at 42 universities and colleges in Berlin in the 2016/17 winter semester, including four art colleges . This means that the city has the largest number of students in Germany. In the global environment, Berlin is one of the world's cities with very advantageous study conditions.

University of Technology and Economics

The four Berlin universities together have around 110,000 students. There are the Humboldt University of Berlin with around 34,200 students, the Free University of Berlin with around 36,000 students, the Technical University of Berlin with around 34,000 students and the Berlin University of the Arts with around 4,500 students. The Beuth University of Applied Sciences has over 12,000 students, the Berlin University of Technology and Economics has over 13,000 enrolled students and around 7,200 students study at the Charité .

The medical faculties of the Free University and the Humboldt University were merged in 2003 to form the Charité  - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Since then it has been the largest medical faculty in Europe with its four locations.

As part of the Excellence Initiative , the Free University of Berlin and the Humboldt University of Berlin were positively assessed in the third funding line. The “International Network University” concept for the future of Freie Universität, which was awarded in 2007, was confirmed in the 2012 evaluation. The Humboldt University was successful in 2012 with its “Education through Science” concept. Both universities are thus among the eleven German elite universities .

With the announcement of the results of the Excellence Strategy on July 19, 2019, Freie Universität, Humboldt-Universität, Technische Universität and Charité - Universitätsmedizin as institutions of the Berlin University Alliance together belong to the eleven German Universities of Excellence .

The European School of Management and Technology (ESMT) has the right to award doctorates and is one of the leading business schools in Germany and Europe. The Steinbeis University Berlin and the ESCP Europe Campus Berlin also have the right to award doctorates and thus have university status . The branches of other private teaching institutes include a. the Mediadesign Hochschule , the Games Academy and the SAE Institute .

Research institutes

BESSY II building at the science and business location in Adlershof

Berlin has been the most research-intensive region in Germany since 2012. Around 1.8 billion euros in public funds are invested in science and research in Berlin every year. According to the funding atlas of the German Research Foundation (DFG), scientists in Berlin, with 794 million euros in DFG funds, acquired the most funding in the period 2014–16 for a German research location.

Seat of the World Association of the International Mathematical Union since 2011

Over 60,000 employees teach, research and work at over 70 non-university publicly funded research institutions. The large national research organizations Fraunhofer Society , Helmholtz Association , Leibniz Association and Max Planck Society are also represented by several institutes, as are various federal ministries with a total of eight research institutes. Most of the scientific institutions are concentrated at the locations in Buch , Charlottenburg , Dahlem and Mitte as well as at the science and business location Adlershof . The State of Berlin is a “corporate sponsoring member” of the Max Planck Society.

Since 2011 the headquarters of the International Mathematical Union (IMU) has been at the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics in Berlin. The IMU is a renowned world association in mathematics and awards the Fields Medal every four years , which is considered the highest international award that a mathematician can receive.

One of the weaknesses of Berlin as a location for science is the strong separation between research and teaching and the resulting reduced international awareness of research achievements. The abandonment of Humboldt's educational ideal in Germany and Berlin, initiated after 1945, led to a divided research and university system that lacked visibility in the global context. Top achievements at Berlin research institutes are therefore not associated with city universities.

Adult education centers

Adult Education Center in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg

In Berlin, the adult education centers were founded in 1945, initially in the west of the city. After 1990, corresponding institutes were also founded in eastern Berlin.

The adult education center (VHS) is currently represented in all of the twelve districts in Berlin. It is a department of the office for further education and culture of the respective district office. As a public institution for adult and further education, it is supposed to guarantee the basic provision of further education according to § 123 of the School Act of the State of Berlin.

In 2007, the number of courses taken at Berlin adult education centers reached 232 592 with a total of 18 158 events. The number of teaching hours was 602 807.

Libraries

→ Main article : Libraries in Berlin

Central library of the TU and UdK

With around 80 public libraries in the city, Berlin is one of the most important library locations in Germany and Europe. In 2014, the Berlin libraries counted more than 9 million visitors who made around 23 million loans.

The Berlin State Library, with over ten million publications, is the largest academic universal library in the German-speaking area. Other large academic libraries are the University Library of the Free University , the University Library of the Humboldt University and the Central Library of the TU and UdK . The America Memorial Library belongs to the Central and State Library of Berlin .

With its holdings (approx. 400,000 volumes on European art history from late antiquity to the present, around 1,400 international journals), the Berlin Art Library of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin is one of the most important art-historical special libraries in Germany.

The Libraries in the District (BIST) funding program guarantees decentralized access to libraries for the population.

See also : Category: Library in Berlin  and List of German Libraries # Berlin

Initiatives

In addition to the state and private institutions, Berlin has numerous civic initiatives that are committed to promoting education. One of the best-known is the citizens' network education , which is particularly committed to reading sponsorships in kindergartens and schools.

See also

Portal: Education  - Overview of Wikipedia content on education

• Education Policy in Germany
• School teacher in Germany
• School system in Germany

Web links

• Brain City - Portal for Science in Berlin

Individual evidence

1. ↑ October 28, 1717: Introduction of compulsory schooling by the soldier king encounters resistance , Preussen-Chronik.de, accessed on July 27, 2018.
2. ↑ From the beginning of August, the daycare fee will not apply , Tagesspiegel, accessed on December 9, 2017.
3. ↑ Daycare study criticizes lack of educators in Berlin. In: Berliner Zeitung , accessed on December 9, 2017.
4. ↑ Language deficits in day care children , Berliner Zeitung, accessed on July 27, 2018.
5. ↑ Compulsory daycare is largely ignored in Berlin , Tagesspiegel, accessed on August 1, 2018.
6. ↑ School statistics 2016/17 , Office for Statistics Berlin Brandenburg, accessed on December 9, 2017.
7. ^ Education statistics 2016 , HWK-Berlin, accessed on December 9, 2017.
8. ↑ Press release No. 161 of July 5, 2017 (PDF), Office for Statistics Berlin Brandenburg, accessed on December 9, 2017.
9. ↑ Mapping the World's Knowledge Hubs, Richard Florida - Citylab.com, accessed July 11, 2017.
10. ↑ This is why young people from all over the world come to Berlin , In: Berliner Zeitung, accessed on July 11, 2017.
11. ↑ The Best Student Cities in the World , UNICUM, accessed July 11, 2017.
12. ↑ Density - Diversity - Excellence . berlin-sciences.com. Archived from the original on August 25, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 21, 2012. 
13. ↑ Decisions in the second program phase of the Excellence Initiative. Press release no. 26. In: dfg.de. June 15, 2012, accessed August 21, 2012 . 
14. ↑ Excellence initiative for cutting-edge research at universities. In: bmbf.de. August 15, 2012, accessed August 21, 2012 . 
15. ^ Tilmann Warnecke: Berlin now has two elite universities. In: Der Tagesspiegel . June 15, 2012, accessed August 21, 2012 . 
16. ^ Berlin University Alliance: Excellence Strategy. Retrieved June 27, 2020 . 
17. ^ State of Berlin: Excellence Strategy. Retrieved June 27, 2020 . 
18. ↑ DFG - German Research Foundation: Decisions in the Excellence Strategy: Excellence Commission selects ten Excellence Universities and an Excellence Network. Retrieved June 27, 2020 . 
19. ↑ Best International Business Schools 2016 , Bloomberg Businessweek, accessed July 11, 2017.
20. ↑ DFG presents “Funding Atlas 2012”: Competition for third-party funding as “everyday life”. Press release No. 24. In: dfg.de. May 24, 2012. Retrieved August 21, 2012 . 
21. ↑ Berlin, ahead of Munich, the most research-intensive German region. In: focus.de. German Press Agency , May 24, 2012, accessed on August 21, 2012 . 
22. ↑ Berlin researches best , Tagesspiegel, accessed on July 27, 2018.
23. ↑ List of the MPG's corporate sponsors ( memo of January 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 445 kB).
24. ↑ Berlin becomes world capital of mathematics , IDW, accessed on August 1, 2018.
25. ↑ Eduard Ditschek, Sigrid Schulze: 50 Years of Adult Education in the Wedding District of Berlin 1945–1995 . In: Eduard Ditschek, Sigrid Schulze (Hrsg.): Volksbildung im Wedding .
26. ^ Office for Further Education and Culture. District Office Mitte of Berlin, Press Office, accessed on January 28, 2017 . 
27. ↑ School Act of the State of Berlin. Retrieved January 28, 2017 . 
28. ↑ Statistics of the Berlin Adult Education Centers (VHS) in the educational year 2007 , Berlin.de, accessed on July 27, 2018.
29. ↑ Annual Report 2014 Berlin Public Libraries for the Future, Jahresbericht_voebb_2014.pdf, accessed on July 27, 2018.
30. ↑ Libraries in the District (BIST) (2007–2015) ( Memento from February 17, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) on the library portal.
31. ↑ Citizens' Network Education We Support Berlin Children and Young People , VBKI, accessed on August 1, 2018.