Ulm Botanical Garden
The Botanical Garden of Ulm University is a botanical garden and central facility of Ulm University . It was founded in 1981 and is adjacent to the buildings of the university on the Upper Eselsberg to the southeast. The extensive outdoor area covers an area of around 28 hectares. At the upper entrance are the tropical greenhouses with a large variety of tropical plants from the lowland and mountain rainforest. The beer garden at the Botanicum invites you to linger in summer temperatures.
The head of the Botanical Garden is Marian Kazda (as of 2019), succeeding Gerhard Gottsberger ; Monika Gschneidner is the custodian .
history
The area of the botanical garden is a former shooting range. The approval for the construction of the garden was granted in 1981 by the Ministry of Science and Art of Baden-Württemberg . With the excavation of the clinic (around 150,000 m³) in 1980/1981, the site was modeled and topographically designed.
Task and function
The university garden is involved in current research and teaching. He is in close contact with the Faculty of Natural Sciences, particularly the Department of Biology. The main tasks also include the maintenance and expansion of documented, scientific plant collections. At the same time, the garden serves as a local recreation area for the citizens of Ulm and a popular excursion destination for vacationers in the region. In the green classroom, plants and animals, as well as their ecology, are conveyed to school classes in an experience-oriented manner.
Greenhouses
In 1997 two tropical houses were built and further extensions were made. A large number of important tropical useful and medicinal plants , epiphytes ( epiphytes ) as well as ferns , Gesneria and bromeliads are cultivated in the greenhouses of the Botanical Garden for students and visitors . Conspicuous plants in the lowland rainforest house are banana trees , Ceylon cinnamon , jade wine and various types of strangler figs ( Ficus ). Many important useful and medicinal plants such as B. cocoa , vanilla , rubber tree , neem tree , ylang-ylang , pockwood and Panama hat palm are presented here. Epiphytes grow in the adjacent mountain rainforest house, e.g. B. orchids , bromeliads , fuchsias , passion flowers , Gesneria and arum plants . Here, too, important crops such as coffee , avocado and mate bush can be seen. The imposing tree ferns in the mountain rainforest house are striking .
Outdoor area
Arable herbs
The Botanical Garden of the University of Ulm cultivates over 50 different wild herbs on a field margin of the three-field economy. These include 30 species that are endangered or threatened with extinction in Baden-Württemberg, such as field quail wheat , Frauenspiegel , Venus crest , sparrow tongue and corn wheel .
Apothecary garden
The Neue Apothekergarten Ulm is located at the upper entrance of the open-air site below the greenhouses. It was created in 2001 in cooperation with the Ulm-based pharmaceutical company Ratiopharm . Around 200 medicinal plants grow on its terraced beds, arranged according to 30 medicinal fields of application and 5 other herbal medicine topics . On 75 colored information boards there is a picture for each medicinal plant and information about its pharmaceutical applications. The beds are planted according to the application regions of the human body. The wide range of medicinal plant species extends from well-known, domestic plants such as St. John's wort , chamomile , valerian or hops to the less known ones such as the lichen " Icelandic moss " and sundew , to the tropical representatives, e.g. B. passion flower or camphor tree . On the information area, which is covered with a sun sail, further display boards provide information about the history of herbal medicine, medicinal plant research and the production and quality assurance of herbal medicines.
At the level of the apothecary garden you have a beautiful view of the Ulm Minster and the Alps .
Arboretum
The arboretum was laid out in three construction phases from 1992 to 1994. The group of naked people is divided into different areas in the area. Ginkgo , bald cypress , yew and some of the pine trees (fir, spruce, larch and cedar) were housed in a rather shady and sometimes damp area. The pines (genus Pinus ), on the other hand, can be found on the opposite side on a sunny south-facing slope. The individual families of the bedecktsamer are also widely distributed in the area.
Cottage garden
In 1998 a cottage garden followed , which shows the history of many useful plants cultivated in the Swabian region. The beds were divided up using a cross-shaped path with a roundabout and thus corresponds to the traditional idea of a typical cottage garden. The plants are divided into four areas according to historical aspects: (1) plants of the Teutons and Romans, (2) early Middle Ages / Hildegard von Bingen , (3) late Middle Ages / plants from the Orient, (4) newer useful plants from America and Asia .
Biological department
On a total of 41 beds, biology students and visitors interested in botany are offered an »open-air library«, as it were, which leads like a red thread through the detailed diversity of plant forms. The various modifications, functional details and ecological adaptations of plants to their environment are shown. In the central part of the department, the focus is on flower ecology, in which the interaction between flowers and their pollinators is clearly presented. Further focal points are fruit ecology, forage plants for indigenous butterfly caterpillars , dye plants and useful plants .
Farntal
The latest facility in the Botanical Garden is a fern valley , which shows plant communities typical of the location in the hillside and ravine forests and limestone scree slopes of the Swabian Alb along a stream . In this garden area with a meandering stream, visitors can relax and get to know the local flora intensively. Especially in the hot season, the Farntal offers cool, shady places to stay. The Farntal is divided into several ecological plant areas, which differ in terms of light, moisture and soil conditions and which are planted with autochthonous, i.e. naturally occurring species. Various ferns can be found such as the thorny shield fern ( Polystichum aculeatum ), the common worm fern ( Dryopteris filix-mas ) and the stag's tongue fern ( Asplenium scolopendrium ) as well as flowering plants such as the forest mountain mint ( Calamintha menthifolia ), the wolf monkshood ( Aconitum sp lycotonum . vulparia ) or the Turk's Union lily ( Lilium martagon ).
Pergola with climbing plants
The pergola in the center of the garden connects directly to the rosarium and serves as a support for various climbing plants . At the same time, a central seating area was created here, from which large parts of the garden can be seen. Climbing plants have developed a variety of adaptations in order to attach their stem axes to existing supports such as B. to attach to rocks or walls and climb up on it. As a result, your leaves reach the sunlight that is essential for plants, without having to build stable shoots or trunks. Examples of splayers , root climbers, winch and climbing plants are presented on the pergola .
Rosarium
In the immediate vicinity of the pergola there has been a rose garden with around 200 different rose species and varieties since 1999/2000 . With the help of different groups of roses, the visitor can get to know the history of the cultivation of modern garden roses. In addition to wild roses from Europe, North America and Asia, old, once blooming groups of roses, e.g. B. Alba roses, Gallica roses and centifolia up to multiple or permanent flowering bed and hybrid tea roses. Some English roses and modern rose varieties are also presented.
Daylily show garden
For the 25th anniversary of the Botanical Garden, the daylily show garden was created in 2006 . Around 260 different types of daylily are shown there along with a large number of accompanying perennials. In addition to wild species, the facility shows various daylily varieties from the early 20th century to varieties from the last few decades.
Natural areas
Wetlands
On Ufersaum stands with rich, far-shining flowers of Purple Loosestrife . Swamp iris , frog spoons , swamp yarrow , water mint , various rushes and the common buttercup, which is generally endangered, also grow here . A larger area on the bank is occupied by the dense reed made of cattail and hedgehog cob . The water surface is covered with the leaves of the endangered sea can , the yellow pond rose and the oval leaves of the swimming pondweed . In spring, the pond serves as a spawning area for many amphibians such as the common frog , common toad , mountain and pond newt . Among the colorful dragonflies you can see heather dragonflies , quadrupeds , flat bellies , king dragonflies and several species of azure damsel.
Orchard meadow
Orchards are a traditional element of the rural cultural landscape that shapes the landscape and at the same time an ecologically valuable habitat for numerous animal and plant species. The term orchard meadow is derived from the fact that large fruit trees (tall trunks) of different varieties and age groups are more or less irregularly "scattered" on extensively used meadows. On the orchard meadow in the botanical garden, which covers an area of around 50 × 100 m², 71 fruit trees are currently being presented. The variety consists of 41 apple varieties and 5 pear varieties, 4 different plum varieties and a walnut tree. Well-known and proven varieties are Baumanns Renette , Roter and Gelber Boskoop, Brettacher , Jakob Fischer , Hauxapfel and Berlepsch . Ulmer local varieties include Ulmer Butterbirne (Albecker Butterbirne), Ulmer Renette, Gewürzluiken or Öhringer Blutstreifling.
Flower meadow
The meadow areas in the Botanical Garden are extensively cultivated: There is no fertilization and only mowed twice a year, mostly for making hay. In early summer, this type of cultivation results in a particularly colorful blooming aspect with large-scale blooming marguerites and many other meadow herbs. In terms of vegetation, the "colorful flower meadow" is an oat meadow, which is characterized by the regular occurrence of oats , dandelions , red clover , vetch , Wiesen-Pippau and sharp buttercups . The golden oat , a typical type of higher-lying fat meadows, is also very common in places. In slightly more humid areas, you can find cuckoo's light carnation , woolly honeydew grass , lawn Schmiele and meadow sorrel . Meadow sage , yarrow , horn clover , hop clover , tuberous buttercups , saspards and many other species can be found on rather poor and dry areas .
herbarium
The herbarium of Ulm University has around 80,000 specimens with a focus on Europe, South and Central America.
- Tropical collection with around 50,000 copies with a focus on Brazil and Costa Rica
- 20,000 capsules of mosses and lichens
- 10,000 sheets of phanerogams , including 1,000 documents from student excursions to southern and central Europe
- The Weinland collection from the early 19th century is particularly valuable due to many documents from Papua New Guinea .
See also
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 25 '9.9 " N , 9 ° 57' 59.8" E