Dogaressa
Dogaressa was the title of the wives of the Venetian doges , the early doge wives being called coniunx , then ducissa or duchessa , later also Principessa . The chronicler Johannes Diaconus called it ductrix . The first wife of a doge known by name was supposedly a " Carola ", the Frankish wife of Obelerio Antenoreo , in the early 9th century, who can hardly be called Dogaressa and whose name has not been passed down. The last reigning Dogaressa was towards the end of the Republic Elisabetta Grimani († 1792). Like the Doge, the Dogaressa was crowned, entitled to a solemn entry and a small court . Their symbol was a golden veil and a crown in a similar shape to the Doge's cap . For the dominant noble families, who were unable to prevail in the Doge elections, the position of a Dogaressa was an opportunity for informal influence.
History, legal framework, anchoring in society
Initially, individual bans and restrictions regulated their area of responsibility, later detailed laws. Formally it had no political rights, but was supposed to represent the glory of the state and its virtues. Therefore, in the case of widowhood , she was expected to go to the monastery. In addition, she was the patroness of various schools , i.e. the clerical and charitable corporations, craftsmen and traders' guilds of the Republic of Venice . For Zilia Dandolo (1556–1559, † 1566), who married Lorenzo Priuli in 1556 , the extremely wealthy Arte dei Beccai , the butchers' guild , built a triumphal arch on the piazzetta near St. Mark's Basilica in 1557 for their entry .
From the 13th century, the Dogaressa was no longer allowed to receive foreign dignitaries, similar to the Doge, who was only allowed to speak to them in the presence of his advisors. From 1342 the Dogaressa was no longer allowed to conduct economic business.
The children of the Dogaresse often rose to the highest state offices, conversely, the families used marriages to influence politics. Two women from the Dandolo family were married to Dogen. Giovanna Dandolo , of whom the only surviving portrait of a Dogaressa of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and who was the wife of Pasquale Malipiero Dogaressa from 1457 to 1462, as well as the aforementioned Zilia Dandolo.
Similar to the case of the Doge, where the opponents of a development towards equality of king saw the possibility of controlling the power of the head of state through an oath of office ( promissio ), the restrictions contained therein were also set for the Dogaressa. The promissio the Doge contained all sorts of obligations since the 12th century, but also official restrictions. Since Enrico Dandolo it had to be available in writing and publicly sworn. Apparently the ducissa , which is always referred to in the oaths with the Latin title, was never seen with the designation mulier or uxor (wife), as a part of the power apparatus to be integrated and as a potential danger for the fragile power balance in the city. Therefore, it was of great importance in the ceremonial setting of the highly developed state staging in public space. On the other hand, her role depended solely on the authority of her husband, who formally made her take the oath, and on the state. The first mention of a Dogaressa in such an oath of office took place in the oath of Jacopo Tiepolos of 1229, in connection with gifts.
At that time, both the Doge and his wife were still allowed to leave Venice without asking for permission. However, while from 1289 the Doge was not even allowed to drive to Torcello without a permit , let alone leave the Venetian territory, the Dogaressa was allowed to leave Venice's territory - perhaps a reminiscence of earlier Dogaresse, many of which came from abroad and from their class were entitled to gifts. Since Doge Renier Zen, two Paduan towns, namely Piove di Sacco and Corte, had the duty to “give” the Dogaresse linen to the value of 100 Libra . From 1312 at the latest, the local guild had to send the Dogaressa “a nice piece of cloth” every year at Easter . From the 14th century tanned cow or sheep skins were added, and from 1462 the cloth merchants had to send the Dogaressa a gold-knitted bag worth four ducats , in which eight soldi novi had to be found. The Dogaressa, for her part, distributed such bags to her husband's advisers and the Grand Chancellor. These four gifts were called regalie . This reflected and at the same time promoted a close relationship between the Dogaressa and the guilds and guilds, in particular with the numerous guilds of cloth processing and trade, as well as some places in the territory.
The same was true within Venice. The monastery of San Zaccaria , whose nuns at least made the doge hat, and which the doge visited at Easter every year - especially since his mansion, the Doge's palace, was located on the site of the monastery - received ephemeral gifts, as they were preferred, for no symbolic permanence to accomplish. For the feast of St. Clemens received the Dogaressa from the nuns two bowls of almond cake. In return, she gave fish and three amphorae of wine. From 1275, like her husband, the Dogaressa was only allowed to give gifts at Christmas and to certain groups.
The time from the 16th century to 1797 officially only knew ten Dogaresse. Her coronation ceremony soon became controversial. After Taddea Michiel (1478) until Zilia Dandolo (1556) it was no longer carried out. After the coronation of Morosina Morosini on May 4, 1597, the coronation 1645 mv (January 10, 1646) was considered questionable and forbidden, on the grounds that it displayed too much luxury. Therefore, the other ceremonies were also drastically reduced. The last crowned Dogaressa, Elisabetta Querini , was solemnly crowned in 1694 - under the aforementioned prohibition. From 1700 the Dogaressa was also no longer allowed to wear a crown or receive gifts from dignitaries. In 1763 the Dogaressa Pisana Cornaro was the last to receive a ceremonial entry.
When the Dogaressa died, she was wrapped in a golden cloak, white gloves and a hood were put on her. Her face was covered with a veil, the one she wore at public ceremonies. Then her body was laid out between four torches in the largest room in her house. A cross was placed at their feet. Accompanied by only one priest and one cleric, it was brought to San Marco after midnight and placed under a catafalk . The next day, the funeral ceremony was celebrated with recitations and music, and then the deceased was brought to the family crypt in a solemn procession.
Representations and research
The first study devoted to the Dogaressa comes from Giovanni Palazzi (1633–1713) in his Fasti ducales of 1696. As early as 1681 he had presented biographical information on thirteen Dogaressa from the 9th to the 16th centuries ( La virtù in Giocco ), which, however, are not very reliable.
The Dogaressas of Venice by Edgecumbe Staley, published in 1910, is even more narrative, historically inaccurate and often flawed . As Holly S. Hurlburt noted in 2006, Staley's opus belongs to a “tradition of a romanticized, exaggerated, and often outright fabricated treatment of the dogaressa”. For this type of romanticizing, exaggerating and often simply invented representations, the fictional and imaginative are in the foreground, and historical accuracy is often sacrificed for storytelling. Staley also repeatedly crossed the line between history and legend.
The overview works by Andrea Da Mosto and Pompeo Molmenti also lack romanticizing and prejudice-laden depictions that take numerous elements from the Venetian tradition uncritically as actual historical processes.
A systematic description of the legal and social backgrounds, the role in the Venetian state apparatus, cultural influence etc. does not exist to this day, even if Holly S. Hurlburt with her work The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500 , published in 2006 . Wife and Icon has at least examined the later Middle Ages more closely.
List of the traditional names of the wives of reigning Doges
The following list shows the names of the Doge women, since the life dates are often not known, then the names and reigns of the husbands, i.e. the Doges, and thus the actual term of office of the respective Dogaressa, as well as, where possible, the life dates. Many of the more than 80 wives may possibly not be addressed as dogaresse (only the dogaresse from 1229 onwards can be considered certain in this regard). Without clear criteria, especially for the early medieval Doge wives, Marcello Brusegan lists a total of 62 Dogaresse.
Dogaressa | Life dates | Doge | Reign of the Doge |
Parents of the Dogaressa |
children | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
"Martia d'Este" | ? | Obelerio Antenoreo | 804-810 | ? | alleged wife of Obelerio Antenoreo | |
" Carola " | bl. 805, 811 | Obelerio Antenoreo | 804-810 | - | Alleged name of the wife of Obelerio Antenoreo, a Franconian who is said to have seduced him to betrayal. The lady-in-waiting is said to have met Obelerius at the court of Charlemagne in 805 in Aachen, but her name has by no means been passed down. In historiography she was occasionally referred to as the emperor's daughter. | |
Elena | ? | Agnello Particiaco | 810-827 | Particiaco | ||
Felicita | ? | Giustiniano Particiaco | 827-829 | |||
Angela Sanudo | ? | Pietro Tribuno | 888-911 | |||
Arcielda / Richilde | Pietro III Candiano | 942-959 | ||||
Giovanna | Pietro IV Candiano | 959-976 | Forced into the monastery of San Zaccaria in 966 by her husband, whose first wife she was | |||
Waldrada of Tuscia | † 997 | Pietro IV Candiano | 959-976 | 2nd wife Pietro IV. Candiano | ||
Felicita Malipiero | Pietro Orseolo | 976-978 | ||||
Marina Candiano | Tribuno Memmo | 979-991 | Daughter of Pietros IV. Candiano | |||
Maria Candiano | Pietro II Orseolo | 991-1009 | ||||
Maria | Giovanni Orseolo | 1002-1007 | Byzantine wife of the fellow doge | |||
Grimelda (?) Of Hungary | Ottone Orseolo | 1009-1026 | The names Elena and Gisela / Gisele appear in the literature. Her name has not been passed down. | |||
Theodora Anna Doukaina | mated 1075-1083 | Domenico Silvo | 1071-1084 | Constantine X. | ||
Cornelia Bembo (?) | Vital Falier | 1084-1096 | ||||
Felicita Cornaro | † 1102 (?) | Vitale Michiel I. | 1096-1102 | buried in San Marco | ||
Matilde | Ordelafo Faliero | 1102-1116 | ||||
Vita | Domenico Michiel | 1118-1130 | their daughter Adelasa marries Pietro Polani | |||
Adelasa | from 1130 | Pietro Polani | 1130-1148 | Daughter of the predecessor | ||
Sofia | Domenico Morosini | 1148-1156 | Apart from the name and the common burial place, nothing is known about them | |||
Felicia Maria di Boemondo | Vitale Michiel II. | 1156-1172 | ||||
Cecilia | Sebastiano Ziani | 1172-1178 | ||||
Contessa | Enrico Dandolo | 1192-1205 | Minotto? | |||
Maria Baseggio | † before 1213 | Pietro Ziani | 1205-1229 | no | 1. Pietro Ziani's wife | |
Konstanze von Hauteville | (1231) | Pietro Ziani | 1205-1229 | 2. Pietro Ziani's wife | ||
Maria Storlato | † before 1242 | Jacopo Tiepolo | 1229-1249 | 1st wife of Jacopo Tiepolo | ||
Valdrada Altavilla (Hauteville) | Jacopo Tiepolo | 1229-1249 | Tankred of Hauteville , King of Sicily | 2nd wife of Jacopo Tiepolo | ||
Romerica | (1260) | Marino Morosini | 1249-1253 | |||
Alucia da Prata | Renier Zen | 1253-1268 | ||||
Agnese | † before 1262 | Lorenzo Tiepolo | 1268-1275 | 1st wife of Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo | ||
Marchesina Ghisi | † before 1297 | Lorenzo Tiepolo | 1268-1275 | 2nd wife of Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo | ||
Jacobina | Jacopo Contarini | 1275-1280 | ||||
Caterina? | Giovanni Dandolo | 1280-1289 | ||||
Tommasina Morosini | † before 1309 | Pietro Gradenigo | 1289-1311 | |||
Agnese | † after 1322 | Marino Zorzi | 1311-1312 | Querini? | ||
Francesca da Molin | (1350) | Giovanni Soranzo | 1312-1328 | |||
Elisabetta | (1348) | Francesco Dandolo | 1329-1339 | |||
Giustina Cappello | Bartolomeo Gradenigo | 1339-1342 | ||||
Francesca Morosini | (1373) | Andrea Dandolo | 1343-1354 | |||
Maddalena Contarini | * around 1320; (1373) | Marino Faliero | 1354-1355 | 1. Wife of Marino Faliers, will of 1372 | ||
Aluica Gradenigo | * <1310; † 1387 | Marino Faliero | 1354-1355 | 2nd wife of Marino Faliers from 1335 | ||
Felipa | † 1370 | Giovanni Gradenigo | 1355-1356 | 1st wife of Giovanni Gradenigo | ||
Caterina Giustinian | † before 1360 | Giovanni Dolfin | 1356-1359 | |||
Maria Giustinian | (1370) | Lorenzo Celsi | 1361-1365 | |||
Caterina | (1408) | Marco Cornaro | 1365-1367 | 2nd wife Marco Cornaro | ||
Costanza Morosini | † 1380 | Andrea Contarini | 1368-1382 | |||
Cristina Condulmer | † after 1390 | Michele Morosini | 1382 | |||
Agnese or Agnesina da Mosto | † 1410 | Antonio Venier | 1382-1400 | |||
Marina Gallina | † 1422 | Michele Steno | 1400-1413 | married to shorthand from 1362 | ||
Marina Nani | † 1473 | Francesco Foscari | 1423-1457 | 2nd wife of Fr. Foscari from 1415 | ||
Giovanna Dandolo | (1462) | Pasquale Malipiero | 1457-1462 | |||
Cristina Sanudo | (1471) | Cristoforo Moro | 1462-1471 | |||
Dea Morosini | (1478) | Niccolò Tron | 1471-1473 | |||
Contarina Contarini | * 1410s; 1493 | Nicolò Marcello | 1473-1474 | |||
Laura Zorzi | Pietro Mocenigo | 1474-1476 | parents | children | ? | |
Regina Gradenigo | * before 1419; † after 1479 | Andrea Vendramin | 1476-1478 | |||
Taddea Michiel | † 1479 | Giovanni Mocenigo | 1478-1485 | She was the first Dogaressa to die while her husband was still in office. | ||
Lucia Ruzzini | 1430s-1496 | Marco Barbarigo | 1485-1486 | |||
Elisabetta Soranzo (?) | Agostino Barbarigo | 1486-1501 | ||||
Giustina Giustiniani | Leonardo Loredan | 1501-1521 | ||||
Caterina Loredan | Antonio Grimani | 1521-1523 | ||||
Benedetta Vendramin | Andrea Gritti | 1523-1538 | mated since 1476. | |||
Maria Pasqualigo | Pietro Lando | 1538-1545 | ||||
Giovannada Mula | Francesco Donà | 1545-1553 | 1st wife of Doge Francesco Donà | |||
Alicia Giustiniani | Francesco Donà | 1545-1553 | 2nd wife of Doge Francesco Donà | |||
Zilia Dandolo | Lorenzo Priuli | 1556-1559 | ||||
Elena Diedo | Gerolamo Priuli | 1559-1567 | ||||
Maria Pasqualigo | Pietro Loredan | 1567-1570 | 1st wife of Doge Pietro Loredan | |||
Lucrezia di Lorenzo Cappello | Pietro Loredan | 1567-1570 | 2nd wife of Doge Pietro Loredan , since 1517 | |||
Loredana Marcello | Alvise Mocenigo I. | 1570-1577 | ||||
Cecilia Contarini | Sebastiano Venier | 1577-1578 | ||||
Arcangela Canali | Nicolò da Ponte | 1578-1585 | ||||
Laura Morosini | Pasquale Cicogna | 1585-1595 | ||||
Morosina Morosini | Marino Grimani | 1595-1606 | ||||
Elena Barbarigo | Antonio Priuli | 1618-1623 | ||||
Chiara Dolfin | Giovanni I. Cornaro | 1625-1629 | ||||
Paolina Loredano | Carlo Contarini | 1655-1656 | ||||
Andreana Priuli | Francesco Cornaro | May 17 - June 15, 1656 | ||||
Elisabetta Pisani | Bertuccio Valier | 1656 - March 29, 1658 | ||||
Lucia Barbarigo | Giovanni Pesaro | April 9, 1658 - September 30, 1659 | Andrea Barbarigo, ramo di S. Trovaso Francesca Bernardo (S. Tomà) |
Sister of the Procurator of San Marco Giovanni | ||
Elisabetta Querini | * 1628; † 1709 | Silvestro Valier | 1694-1700 | Paolo Querini, Bianca Ruzzini | since 1649 wife of the Doge | |
Laura | Giovanni II. Cornaro | 1709-1722 | ||||
Elena Badoer | Alvise Pisani | 1735-1741 | ||||
Pisana Corner | † March 10, 1769 | Alvise Mocenigo IV. | 1763-1778 | solemn entry on April 22, 1763, married Oct 5, 1739 | ||
Polissena Contarini Da Mula | † May 1833 | Alvise Mocenigo IV. | 1771-1778 | 2nd wife of Alvise Mocenigo IV. , Married. from 1771. | ||
Margherita Dalmet (Dalmaz) | * 1739; † January 11, 1817 | Paolo Renier | 1779-1789 | 2nd wife of Paolo Renier | ||
Elisabetta Grimani | † August 31, 1792 | Ludovico Manin | 1789-1792 | Giannantonio Grimani | mated since Sept. 14, 1748 |
The figure of Dogaressa in art
To the left and right of the main entrance of the St. Mark's Basilica there are two niches in which the Doge Vitale Michiel I and his wife Felicia were buried in graves. It is the first tomb of a Dogaressa.
The Dogaressa appears in numerous works of art, especially in painting and music. The history painter José Villegas Cordero created the painting Triumph of Dogaressa Foscari in 1424 , Carl Wilhelm Kolbe the Elder in 1816 Doge and Dogaressa . Leandro Bassano around 1595–1596 the portrait of Dogaressa Morosina Morosini , which hangs today in Dresden. In the Venetian Frari Church there is a masterpiece by Paolo Veneziano , a votive picture of Doge Francesco Dandolo and Dogaressa Isabetta Contarini with their patron saints Francis and Elisabeth from 1339.
ETA Hoffmann wrote the story Doge and Dogaressa in 1817 , which revolves around the young wife of Marino Falier who, after the uprising of 1355 and the execution of her husband, flees with her lover, but dies with him.
Jacques Offenbach set his operetta Le pont des soupirs (The Bridge of Sighs) in Venice in 1321 , in which Catarina appears as Dogaressa of Doge Cornarini. Ludwig Roselius first performed Doge and Dogaressa in 1928 , Ignaz Michael Welleminsky created the libretto Die Locke der Dogaressa . The composer August Reuss created a less romantic ballet pantomime based on Robert Laurency with Glassblower and Dogaressa , op. 46 (1926 Munich).
literature
- Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
- Pompeo Gherardo Molmenti : La dogaressa di Venezia , Turin 1884. ( digitized version )
- Fabio Mutinelli: Lessico veneto , Venice 1851 (ND Bologna 1978), p. 128 f.
- Edgcumbe Staley: The Dogaressas of Venice (The Wives of the Doges) , T. Werner Laurie, London 1910, pp. 315-317 (error-prone). ( Digitized version )
Remarks
- ↑ Gino Benzoni : I dogi , Electa, 1982, p 163rd
- ↑ For example with Francesco Sansovino: Delle cose notabili che sono in Venetia , Francesco Rampazetto, Venice 1565, p. 9v. Doge and Principe, Dogaressa and Principessa appear there.
- ↑ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500 , Springer, 2006, p. 206, note 13.
- ↑ Evelyn Korsch : Images of Power. Venetian strategies of representation during the state visit of Henry III. (1574) , Walter de Gruyter, 2013, p. 51.
- ^ Peter Humfrey: The Portrait in Fifteenth-Century Venice , in: Dale Tucker, Margret Aspinwall (Ed.): The Renaissance Portrait. From Donatello to Bellini , Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 2011, pp. 48–63, here: p. 61 ( illustration ).
- ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 21.
- ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon . Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 24 f.
- ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon . Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 5.
- ↑ Paula Findlen, Wendy Wassyng Roworth, Catherine M. Sama: Italy's Eighteenth Century. Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour , Stanford University Press, 2009, p. 87.
- ↑ Fabio Mutinelli: Lessico Veneto , Venice 1851 (ND Bologna 1978), 129th
- ↑ Giovanni Palazzi: Fasti Ducales from Anafesto I. ad Silvestrum Valerium Venetorum ducem. Cum eorum Iconibus, Insignibus, Nummismatibus Publicis & Privatis aere sculptis: Inscriptionibus ex Aula M. Consilii, ac Sepulchralibus. Adiectae sunt Adnotationes ad Vitam cuiusque Principis, rerum quae omissae fuerant , Venice 1696 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Giovanni Palazzi: La virtù in gioco ovvero Dame patritie di Venezia famose per nascita per lettere per armi, per costumi , Venice 1681.
- ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 7.
- ^ The list was based in a first draft on the erroneous list in Edgcumbe Staley: The Dogaressas of Venice (The Wives of the Doges) , T. Werner Laurie, London 1910, pp. 315-317 ( digitized ), corrected by information from Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, pp. 187-192 (to Lucia Ruzzini Barbarigo).
- ↑ Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f.
- ↑ With this form of name already in the Discendenza de Principi di Este in Giovanni Battista Pigna: Historia de Principi di Este , Francesco Rossi, Ferrara 1570, o. S. ( digitized ); not with Brusegan.
- ↑ This name is also used by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457. She is the first Dogaressa on his list.
- ↑ Pompeo Gherardo Molmenti : La dogaressa di Venezia , Turin 1884, p. 18. This leads Molmenti back to Andrea Dandolo's chronicle.
- ^ Roberto Pesce (Ed.): Cronica di Venexia detta di Enrico Dandolo. Origini - 1362 , Centro di Studi Medievali e Rinascimentali "Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna", Venice 2010, p. 21.
- ↑ In the list by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f. not listed.
- ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f. It bears the number 2 on the list of Dogaresse printed out.
- ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f. It bears the number 3 on the list of Dogaresse printed out.
- ↑ Johannes Diaconus calls her "domna Maria greca ductrix". The term “ductrix” appears in his Istoria Veneticorum only at this point.
- ^ Probably an invention by Staley.
- ^ Andrea Da Mosto : I dogi di Venezia nella vita pubblica e privata , Martello, 1983, p. 56.
- ↑ a b Raymond-J. Loenertz, Les Ghisi, dynastes vénitiens dans l'archipel (1207-1390) , Leo S. Olschki, Fiorenza, 1975, pp. 44-45, 51
- ↑ The version of the name "Alcuina Gradenigo" is given by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458. There she wears the number 35 of the Dogaresse. "Aluicha" and "Alicia" also appear in the literature, occasionally referred to as a variant of the name of "Luigia".
- ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 36 of the Dogaresse.
- ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 37 of the Dogaresse.
- ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 38 of the Dogaresse.
- ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 39 of the Dogaresse.
- ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 40 of the Dogaresse.
- Jump up ↑ Giambattista Gallicciolli: Risposta all'Osservazioni del Signor Abbade Tentori sulle Memorie Venete Antiche Profane ed Ecclesiastiche raccolte da Giambattista Gallicciolli , Venice 1797, p. 59.
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 54.
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 55.
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 56.
- ↑ March 27, 1655 - May 1, 1656
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 57.
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 58.
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 59.
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 60.
- ↑ Sonia Pellizzer: Dalmet, Margherita , in: DBI 32 (1986).
- ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 62.
- ↑ Debra Pincus: The Tombs of the Doges of Venice , Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 168 f.