Dogaressa

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Tomb of Agnesina da Mosto Venier in San Zanipolo , as well as her daughters Orsola Venier († 1471) and Petronilla de Toco, work of the sculptor Filippo di Domenico ( bl. 1394-1423)
The duchess of Venice , from the women's costume book by Jodocus Amman (1539–1591), Sigmund Feyrabends, Frankfurt 1586 ("You find in Teutscher Nation / Not so well adorned woman")
Depiction of the late 16th century by Cesare Vecellio : Costumes anciens et modern - Habiti antichi et moderni di tutto il Mondo , Firmin Didot Frères Fils & Cie, Paris 1859 ( digitized version )
The exit of the Dogaressa Morosina Morosini from San Marco, Andrea Vicentino (approx. 1542–1618)
Morosina Morosini, Dogaressa from 1595 to 1606, portrayed by Jacopo Tintoretto : la Dogaressa
Elisabetta Querini , Dogaressa from 1694 to 1700, Niccolò Cassana (1659–1714), 1694

Dogaressa was the title of the wives of the Venetian doges , the early doge wives being called coniunx , then ducissa or duchessa , later also Principessa . The chronicler Johannes Diaconus called it ductrix . The first wife of a doge known by name was supposedly a " Carola ", the Frankish wife of Obelerio Antenoreo , in the early 9th century, who can hardly be called Dogaressa and whose name has not been passed down. The last reigning Dogaressa was towards the end of the Republic Elisabetta Grimani († 1792). Like the Doge, the Dogaressa was crowned, entitled to a solemn entry and a small court . Their symbol was a golden veil and a crown in a similar shape to the Doge's cap . For the dominant noble families, who were unable to prevail in the Doge elections, the position of a Dogaressa was an opportunity for informal influence.

History, legal framework, anchoring in society

Initially, individual bans and restrictions regulated their area of ​​responsibility, later detailed laws. Formally it had no political rights, but was supposed to represent the glory of the state and its virtues. Therefore, in the case of widowhood , she was expected to go to the monastery. In addition, she was the patroness of various schools , i.e. the clerical and charitable corporations, craftsmen and traders' guilds of the Republic of Venice . For Zilia Dandolo (1556–1559, † 1566), who married Lorenzo Priuli in 1556 , the extremely wealthy Arte dei Beccai , the butchers' guild , built a triumphal arch on the piazzetta near St. Mark's Basilica in 1557 for their entry .

From the 13th century, the Dogaressa was no longer allowed to receive foreign dignitaries, similar to the Doge, who was only allowed to speak to them in the presence of his advisors. From 1342 the Dogaressa was no longer allowed to conduct economic business.

The children of the Dogaresse often rose to the highest state offices, conversely, the families used marriages to influence politics. Two women from the Dandolo family were married to Dogen. Giovanna Dandolo , of whom the only surviving portrait of a Dogaressa of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and who was the wife of Pasquale Malipiero Dogaressa from 1457 to 1462, as well as the aforementioned Zilia Dandolo.

Similar to the case of the Doge, where the opponents of a development towards equality of king saw the possibility of controlling the power of the head of state through an oath of office ( promissio ), the restrictions contained therein were also set for the Dogaressa. The promissio the Doge contained all sorts of obligations since the 12th century, but also official restrictions. Since Enrico Dandolo it had to be available in writing and publicly sworn. Apparently the ducissa , which is always referred to in the oaths with the Latin title, was never seen with the designation mulier or uxor (wife), as a part of the power apparatus to be integrated and as a potential danger for the fragile power balance in the city. Therefore, it was of great importance in the ceremonial setting of the highly developed state staging in public space. On the other hand, her role depended solely on the authority of her husband, who formally made her take the oath, and on the state. The first mention of a Dogaressa in such an oath of office took place in the oath of Jacopo Tiepolos of 1229, in connection with gifts.

At that time, both the Doge and his wife were still allowed to leave Venice without asking for permission. However, while from 1289 the Doge was not even allowed to drive to Torcello without a permit , let alone leave the Venetian territory, the Dogaressa was allowed to leave Venice's territory - perhaps a reminiscence of earlier Dogaresse, many of which came from abroad and from their class were entitled to gifts. Since Doge Renier Zen, two Paduan towns, namely Piove di Sacco and Corte, had the duty to “give” the Dogaresse linen to the value of 100 Libra . From 1312 at the latest, the local guild had to send the Dogaressa “a nice piece of cloth” every year at Easter . From the 14th century tanned cow or sheep skins were added, and from 1462 the cloth merchants had to send the Dogaressa a gold-knitted bag worth four ducats , in which eight soldi novi had to be found. The Dogaressa, for her part, distributed such bags to her husband's advisers and the Grand Chancellor. These four gifts were called regalie . This reflected and at the same time promoted a close relationship between the Dogaressa and the guilds and guilds, in particular with the numerous guilds of cloth processing and trade, as well as some places in the territory.

The same was true within Venice. The monastery of San Zaccaria , whose nuns at least made the doge hat, and which the doge visited at Easter every year - especially since his mansion, the Doge's palace, was located on the site of the monastery - received ephemeral gifts, as they were preferred, for no symbolic permanence to accomplish. For the feast of St. Clemens received the Dogaressa from the nuns two bowls of almond cake. In return, she gave fish and three amphorae of wine. From 1275, like her husband, the Dogaressa was only allowed to give gifts at Christmas and to certain groups.

The time from the 16th century to 1797 officially only knew ten Dogaresse. Her coronation ceremony soon became controversial. After Taddea Michiel (1478) until Zilia Dandolo (1556) it was no longer carried out. After the coronation of Morosina Morosini on May 4, 1597, the coronation 1645 mv (January 10, 1646) was considered questionable and forbidden, on the grounds that it displayed too much luxury. Therefore, the other ceremonies were also drastically reduced. The last crowned Dogaressa, Elisabetta Querini , was solemnly crowned in 1694 - under the aforementioned prohibition. From 1700 the Dogaressa was also no longer allowed to wear a crown or receive gifts from dignitaries. In 1763 the Dogaressa Pisana Cornaro was the last to receive a ceremonial entry.

When the Dogaressa died, she was wrapped in a golden cloak, white gloves and a hood were put on her. Her face was covered with a veil, the one she wore at public ceremonies. Then her body was laid out between four torches in the largest room in her house. A cross was placed at their feet. Accompanied by only one priest and one cleric, it was brought to San Marco after midnight and placed under a catafalk . The next day, the funeral ceremony was celebrated with recitations and music, and then the deceased was brought to the family crypt in a solemn procession.

Representations and research

The first study devoted to the Dogaressa comes from Giovanni Palazzi (1633–1713) in his Fasti ducales of 1696. As early as 1681 he had presented biographical information on thirteen Dogaressa from the 9th to the 16th centuries ( La virtù in Giocco ), which, however, are not very reliable.

The Dogaressas of Venice by Edgecumbe Staley, published in 1910, is even more narrative, historically inaccurate and often flawed . As Holly S. Hurlburt noted in 2006, Staley's opus belongs to a “tradition of a romanticized, exaggerated, and often outright fabricated treatment of the dogaressa”. For this type of romanticizing, exaggerating and often simply invented representations, the fictional and imaginative are in the foreground, and historical accuracy is often sacrificed for storytelling. Staley also repeatedly crossed the line between history and legend.

The overview works by Andrea Da Mosto and Pompeo Molmenti also lack romanticizing and prejudice-laden depictions that take numerous elements from the Venetian tradition uncritically as actual historical processes.

A systematic description of the legal and social backgrounds, the role in the Venetian state apparatus, cultural influence etc. does not exist to this day, even if Holly S. Hurlburt with her work The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500 , published in 2006 . Wife and Icon has at least examined the later Middle Ages more closely.

List of the traditional names of the wives of reigning Doges

The following list shows the names of the Doge women, since the life dates are often not known, then the names and reigns of the husbands, i.e. the Doges, and thus the actual term of office of the respective Dogaressa, as well as, where possible, the life dates. Many of the more than 80 wives may possibly not be addressed as dogaresse (only the dogaresse from 1229 onwards can be considered certain in this regard). Without clear criteria, especially for the early medieval Doge wives, Marcello Brusegan lists a total of 62 Dogaresse.

Dogaressa Life dates Doge Reign of
the Doge 		Parents of
the Dogaressa 		children annotation
"Martia d'Este" ? Obelerio Antenoreo 804-810 ? alleged wife of Obelerio Antenoreo
" Carola " bl. 805, 811 Obelerio Antenoreo 804-810 - Alleged name of the wife of Obelerio Antenoreo, a Franconian who is said to have seduced him to betrayal. The lady-in-waiting is said to have met Obelerius at the court of Charlemagne in 805 in Aachen, but her name has by no means been passed down. In historiography she was occasionally referred to as the emperor's daughter.
Elena ? Agnello Particiaco 810-827 Particiaco
Felicita ? Giustiniano Particiaco 827-829
Angela Sanudo ? Pietro Tribuno 888-911
Arcielda / Richilde Pietro III Candiano 942-959
Giovanna Pietro IV Candiano 959-976 Forced into the monastery of San Zaccaria in 966 by her husband, whose first wife she was
Waldrada of Tuscia † 997 Pietro IV Candiano 959-976 2nd wife Pietro IV. Candiano
Felicita Malipiero Pietro Orseolo 976-978
Marina Candiano Tribuno Memmo 979-991 Daughter of Pietros IV. Candiano
Maria Candiano Pietro II Orseolo 991-1009
Maria Giovanni Orseolo 1002-1007 Byzantine wife of the fellow doge
Grimelda (?) Of Hungary Ottone Orseolo 1009-1026 The names Elena and Gisela / Gisele appear in the literature. Her name has not been passed down.
Theodora Anna Doukaina mated 1075-1083 Domenico Silvo 1071-1084 Constantine X.
Cornelia Bembo (?) Vital Falier 1084-1096
Felicita Cornaro † 1102 (?) Vitale Michiel I. 1096-1102 buried in San Marco
Matilde Ordelafo Faliero 1102-1116
Vita Domenico Michiel 1118-1130 their daughter Adelasa marries Pietro Polani
Adelasa from 1130 Pietro Polani 1130-1148 Daughter of the predecessor
Sofia Domenico Morosini 1148-1156 Apart from the name and the common burial place, nothing is known about them
Felicia Maria di Boemondo Vitale Michiel II. 1156-1172
Cecilia Sebastiano Ziani 1172-1178
Contessa Enrico Dandolo 1192-1205 Minotto?
Maria Baseggio † before 1213 Pietro Ziani 1205-1229 no 1. Pietro Ziani's wife
Konstanze von Hauteville (1231) Pietro Ziani 1205-1229 2. Pietro Ziani's wife
Maria Storlato † before 1242 Jacopo Tiepolo 1229-1249 1st wife of Jacopo Tiepolo
Valdrada Altavilla (Hauteville) Jacopo Tiepolo 1229-1249 Tankred of Hauteville , King of Sicily 2nd wife of Jacopo Tiepolo
Romerica (1260) Marino Morosini 1249-1253
Alucia da Prata Renier Zen 1253-1268
Agnese † before 1262 Lorenzo Tiepolo 1268-1275 1st wife of Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo
Marchesina Ghisi † before 1297 Lorenzo Tiepolo 1268-1275 2nd wife of Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo
Jacobina Jacopo Contarini 1275-1280
Caterina? Giovanni Dandolo 1280-1289
Tommasina Morosini † before 1309 Pietro Gradenigo 1289-1311
Agnese † after 1322 Marino Zorzi 1311-1312 Querini?
Francesca da Molin (1350) Giovanni Soranzo 1312-1328
Elisabetta (1348) Francesco Dandolo 1329-1339
Giustina Cappello Bartolomeo Gradenigo 1339-1342
Francesca Morosini (1373) Andrea Dandolo 1343-1354
Maddalena Contarini * around 1320; (1373) Marino Faliero 1354-1355 1. Wife of Marino Faliers, will of 1372
Aluica Gradenigo * <1310; † 1387 Marino Faliero 1354-1355 2nd wife of Marino Faliers from 1335
Felipa † 1370 Giovanni Gradenigo 1355-1356 1st wife of Giovanni Gradenigo
Caterina Giustinian † before 1360 Giovanni Dolfin 1356-1359
Maria Giustinian (1370) Lorenzo Celsi 1361-1365
Caterina (1408) Marco Cornaro 1365-1367 2nd wife Marco Cornaro
Costanza Morosini † 1380 Andrea Contarini 1368-1382
Cristina Condulmer † after 1390 Michele Morosini 1382
Agnese or Agnesina da Mosto † 1410 Antonio Venier 1382-1400
Marina Gallina † 1422 Michele Steno 1400-1413 married to shorthand from 1362
Marina Nani † 1473 Francesco Foscari 1423-1457 2nd wife of Fr. Foscari from 1415
Giovanna Dandolo (1462) Pasquale Malipiero 1457-1462
Cristina Sanudo (1471) Cristoforo Moro 1462-1471
Dea Morosini (1478) Niccolò Tron 1471-1473
Contarina Contarini * 1410s; 1493 Nicolò Marcello 1473-1474
Laura Zorzi Pietro Mocenigo 1474-1476 parents children ?
Regina Gradenigo * before 1419; † after 1479 Andrea Vendramin 1476-1478
Taddea Michiel † 1479 Giovanni Mocenigo 1478-1485 She was the first Dogaressa to die while her husband was still in office.
Lucia Ruzzini 1430s-1496 Marco Barbarigo 1485-1486
Elisabetta Soranzo (?) Agostino Barbarigo 1486-1501
Giustina Giustiniani Leonardo Loredan 1501-1521
Caterina Loredan Antonio Grimani 1521-1523
Benedetta Vendramin Andrea Gritti 1523-1538 mated since 1476.
Maria Pasqualigo Pietro Lando 1538-1545
Giovannada Mula Francesco Donà 1545-1553 1st wife of Doge Francesco Donà
Alicia Giustiniani Francesco Donà 1545-1553 2nd wife of Doge Francesco Donà
Zilia Dandolo Lorenzo Priuli 1556-1559
Elena Diedo Gerolamo Priuli 1559-1567
Maria Pasqualigo Pietro Loredan 1567-1570 1st wife of Doge Pietro Loredan
Lucrezia di Lorenzo Cappello Pietro Loredan 1567-1570 2nd wife of Doge Pietro Loredan , since 1517
Loredana Marcello Alvise Mocenigo I. 1570-1577
Cecilia Contarini Sebastiano Venier 1577-1578
Arcangela Canali Nicolò da Ponte 1578-1585
Laura Morosini Pasquale Cicogna 1585-1595
Morosina Morosini Marino Grimani 1595-1606
Elena Barbarigo Antonio Priuli 1618-1623
Chiara Dolfin Giovanni I. Cornaro 1625-1629
Paolina Loredano Carlo Contarini 1655-1656
Andreana Priuli Francesco Cornaro May 17 - June 15, 1656
Elisabetta Pisani Bertuccio Valier 1656 - March 29, 1658
Lucia Barbarigo Giovanni Pesaro April 9, 1658 - September 30, 1659 Andrea Barbarigo, ramo di S. Trovaso
Francesca Bernardo (S. Tomà) 		Sister of the Procurator of San Marco Giovanni
Elisabetta Querini * 1628; † 1709 Silvestro Valier 1694-1700 Paolo Querini, Bianca Ruzzini since 1649 wife of the Doge
Laura Giovanni II. Cornaro 1709-1722
Elena Badoer Alvise Pisani 1735-1741
Pisana Corner † March 10, 1769 Alvise Mocenigo IV. 1763-1778 solemn entry on April 22, 1763, married Oct 5, 1739
Polissena Contarini Da Mula † May 1833 Alvise Mocenigo IV. 1771-1778 2nd wife of Alvise Mocenigo IV. , Married. from 1771.
Margherita Dalmet (Dalmaz) * 1739; † January 11, 1817 Paolo Renier 1779-1789 2nd wife of Paolo Renier
Elisabetta Grimani † August 31, 1792 Ludovico Manin 1789-1792 Giannantonio Grimani mated since Sept. 14, 1748


The figure of Dogaressa in art

Saints Francis and Elisabeth present to Our Lady the Doge Francesco Dandolo and the Dogaressa Isabetta Contarini, Paolo Veneziano 1339, Frari Church , Venice

To the left and right of the main entrance of the St. Mark's Basilica there are two niches in which the Doge Vitale Michiel I and his wife Felicia were buried in graves. It is the first tomb of a Dogaressa.

The Dogaressa appears in numerous works of art, especially in painting and music. The history painter José Villegas Cordero created the painting Triumph of Dogaressa Foscari in 1424 , Carl Wilhelm Kolbe the Elder in 1816 Doge and Dogaressa . Leandro Bassano around 1595–1596 the portrait of Dogaressa Morosina Morosini , which hangs today in Dresden. In the Venetian Frari Church there is a masterpiece by Paolo Veneziano , a votive picture of Doge Francesco Dandolo and Dogaressa Isabetta Contarini with their patron saints Francis and Elisabeth from 1339.

ETA Hoffmann wrote the story Doge and Dogaressa in 1817 , which revolves around the young wife of Marino Falier who, after the uprising of 1355 and the execution of her husband, flees with her lover, but dies with him.

Jacques Offenbach set his operetta Le pont des soupirs (The Bridge of Sighs) in Venice in 1321 , in which Catarina appears as Dogaressa of Doge Cornarini. Ludwig Roselius first performed Doge and Dogaressa in 1928 , Ignaz Michael Welleminsky created the libretto Die Locke der Dogaressa . The composer August Reuss created a less romantic ballet pantomime based on Robert Laurency with Glassblower and Dogaressa , op. 46 (1926 Munich).

literature

  • Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
  • Pompeo Gherardo Molmenti : La dogaressa di Venezia , Turin 1884. ( digitized version )
  • Fabio Mutinelli: Lessico veneto , Venice 1851 (ND Bologna 1978), p. 128 f.
  • Edgcumbe Staley: The Dogaressas of Venice (The Wives of the Doges) , T. Werner Laurie, London 1910, pp. 315-317 (error-prone). ( Digitized version )

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gino Benzoni : I dogi , Electa, 1982, p 163rd
  2. ↑ For example with Francesco Sansovino: Delle cose notabili che sono in Venetia , Francesco Rampazetto, Venice 1565, p. 9v. Doge and Principe, Dogaressa and Principessa appear there.
  3. ↑ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500 , Springer, 2006, p. 206, note 13.
  4. ↑ Evelyn Korsch : Images of Power. Venetian strategies of representation during the state visit of Henry III. (1574) , Walter de Gruyter, 2013, p. 51.
  5. ^ Peter Humfrey: The Portrait in Fifteenth-Century Venice , in: Dale Tucker, Margret Aspinwall (Ed.): The Renaissance Portrait. From Donatello to Bellini , Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 2011, pp. 48–63, here: p. 61 ( illustration ).
  6. ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 21.
  7. ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon . Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 24 f.
  8. ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon . Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 5.
  9. ↑ Paula Findlen, Wendy Wassyng Roworth, Catherine M. Sama: Italy's Eighteenth Century. Gender and Culture in the Age of the Grand Tour , Stanford University Press, 2009, p. 87.
  10. ↑ Fabio Mutinelli: Lessico Veneto , Venice 1851 (ND Bologna 1978), 129th
  11. ↑ Giovanni Palazzi: Fasti Ducales from Anafesto I. ad Silvestrum Valerium Venetorum ducem. Cum eorum Iconibus, Insignibus, Nummismatibus Publicis & Privatis aere sculptis: Inscriptionibus ex Aula M. Consilii, ac Sepulchralibus. Adiectae sunt Adnotationes ad Vitam cuiusque Principis, rerum quae omissae fuerant , Venice 1696 ( digitized version ).
  12. ↑ Giovanni Palazzi: La virtù in gioco ovvero Dame patritie di Venezia famose per nascita per lettere per armi, per costumi , Venice 1681.
  13. ^ Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, p. 7.
  14. ^ The list was based in a first draft on the erroneous list in Edgcumbe Staley: The Dogaressas of Venice (The Wives of the Doges) , T. Werner Laurie, London 1910, pp. 315-317 ( digitized ), corrected by information from Holly S. Hurlburt: The Dogaressa of Venice, 1200-1500. Wife and Icon , Palgrave MacMillan, 2006, pp. 187-192 (to Lucia Ruzzini Barbarigo).
  15. ↑ Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f.
  16. ↑ With this form of name already in the Discendenza de Principi di Este in Giovanni Battista Pigna: Historia de Principi di Este , Francesco Rossi, Ferrara 1570, o. S. ( digitized ); not with Brusegan.
  17. ↑ This name is also used by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457. She is the first Dogaressa on his list.
  18. ↑ Pompeo Gherardo Molmenti : La dogaressa di Venezia , Turin 1884, p. 18. This leads Molmenti back to Andrea Dandolo's chronicle.
  19. ^ Roberto Pesce (Ed.): Cronica di Venexia detta di Enrico Dandolo. Origini - 1362 , Centro di Studi Medievali e Rinascimentali "Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna", Venice 2010, p. 21.
  20. ↑ In the list by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f. not listed.
  21. ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f. It bears the number 2 on the list of Dogaresse printed out.
  22. ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 457 f. It bears the number 3 on the list of Dogaresse printed out.
  23. ↑ Johannes Diaconus calls her "domna Maria greca ductrix". The term “ductrix” appears in his Istoria Veneticorum only at this point.
  24. ^ Probably an invention by Staley.
  25. ^ Andrea Da Mosto : I dogi di Venezia nella vita pubblica e privata , Martello, 1983, p. 56.
  26. ↑ a b Raymond-J. Loenertz, Les Ghisi, dynastes vénitiens dans l'archipel (1207-1390) , Leo S. Olschki, Fiorenza, 1975, pp. 44-45, 51
  27. ↑ The version of the name "Alcuina Gradenigo" is given by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458. There she wears the number 35 of the Dogaresse. "Aluicha" and "Alicia" also appear in the literature, occasionally referred to as a variant of the name of "Luigia".
  28. ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 36 of the Dogaresse.
  29. ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 37 of the Dogaresse.
  30. ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 38 of the Dogaresse.
  31. ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 39 of the Dogaresse.
  32. ↑ In Marcello Brusegan's : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458 she bears the number 40 of the Dogaresse.
  33. Jump up ↑ Giambattista Gallicciolli: Risposta all'Osservazioni del Signor Abbade Tentori sulle Memorie Venete Antiche Profane ed Ecclesiastiche raccolte da Giambattista Gallicciolli , Venice 1797, p. 59.
  34. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 54.
  35. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 55.
  36. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 56.
  37. ↑ March 27, 1655 - May 1, 1656
  38. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 57.
  39. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 58.
  40. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 59.
  41. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 60.
  42. ↑ Sonia Pellizzer: Dalmet, Margherita , in: DBI 32 (1986).
  43. ↑ In the list of Dogaresse printed by Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 458, it bears the number 62.
  44. ↑ Debra Pincus: The Tombs of the Doges of Venice , Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 168 f.