Andechs
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 47 ° 58 ' N , 11 ° 11' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Bavaria | |
| Administrative region : | Upper Bavaria | |
| County : | Starnberg | |
| Height : | 690 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 40.44 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 3781 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 94 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 82346 | |
| Area code : | 08152 | |
| License plate : | STA, WOR | |
| Community key : | 09 1 88 117 | |
| LOCODE : | DE ADS | |
| Community structure: | 5 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Andechser Strasse 16 82346 Andechs |
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| Website : | ||
| First Mayor : | Georg Scheitz ( CSU ) | |
| Location of the municipality of Andechs in the Starnberg district | ||
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Andechs is a municipality in the Upper Bavarian district of Starnberg and a place of pilgrimage . Andechs is famous for the eponymous Benedictine monastery , which is also due to its branded Andechser marketed beer is much visited since ancient times, as well as by the milk products of the Andechser Dairy Scheitz , Germany's largest bio - Dairy .
geography
Geographical location and landscape
The community lies on a ridge between the Ammersee in the west and the Starnberger See in the east. The ridge was created by glacier deposits between the two main glacier tongues of the Isar-Loisach glacier , which were responsible for the two tongue basin lakes , and has structures of terminal moraines on its surface . The community is located in the center of the Fünfseenland and has five districts: the Andechs monastery, the parish villages Erling , Frieding and Machtlfing and the Rothenfeld institution .
The Kienbach flows through Erling . There are also several ponds and fish ponds in the municipality.
topography
Within the municipality, the height of the terrain varies by around 200 meters. The lowest point is 542 m above sea level. NN on the banks of the Ammersee, the highest with up to 730 m above sea level. NN in the Kerschlacher forest.
Nature and landscape protection
Apart from the village centers of Erling, Frieding and Machtlfing all corridors of the community within the conservation area, the district Starnberg Western part , which was found in 1972 under protection. In addition, large parts of the landscape are criss-crossed by the FFH area moraine landscape between Lake Ammersee and Lake Starnberg ; the Mesnerbichl is designated as a nature reserve.
A 2.7 kilometer long “regional cultural hiking trail on Erlinger Flur” explains interesting facts at 15 stations about the formation of the landscape around the Andechs monastery as well as the structure of the soil, agriculture, the relief and the climate of the region.
history
Until the 19th century
The Holy Mountain Andechs was settled over large parts of prehistory and early history . Some coin finds from the mountain slope and from the surrounding area make it possible that a Roman military station was located on the elevation , which was connected with the conquest of the Alpine foothills under Emperor Augustus .
In the Middle Ages, Andechs was the ancestral seat of the Counts of Andechs and Dukes of Meranien , who were important throughout Europe and who died out in direct line in 1248. After a legendary recovery of the lost reliquary treasure of the Counts of Andechs in 1388, Andechs revived as a place of pilgrimage and flourished again. In 1455 the monastery was founded on the Holy Mountain . Until the secularization , the area was part of the closed Hofmark Erling.
In 1803 the monastery was dissolved. The place Erling below the monastery became an independent political municipality in 1818 . In 1850, the Andechs Monastery was re-established as a benefice for the St. Boniface Abbey (Munich) under Ludwig I of Bavaria .
Coat of arms of the municipality
Under a silver shield head, inside a green alder branch, in blue a striding, looking golden lion.
The green alder branch in the main shield gives a picture that speaks for the former community name Erling (from 1956 Erling-Andechs, since 1978 Andechs.)
The looking golden lion is the diminution of the coat of arms of the Counts of Andechs (noble family) (a lion over an eagle), who played an important role in the history of the Bavarian Oberland ( Bavarian Oberland ) until the middle of the 13th century. After the Andechs died out in 1248, the Andechs county came into the possession of the Wittelsbach family. Duke Albrecht III. had the Benedictine abbey of the Holy Mountain Andechs built on the site of the castle in 1455. The Andechs lion also found its way into the monastery coat of arms. The famous monastery is the center of the community, which can be seen from afar, and ultimately gave it its name. The field colors of the coat of arms white and blue remind of the close connection to the House of Wittelsbach.
Name changes and incorporations
The municipality of Erling was officially renamed Erling-Andechs on April 30, 1956 . On July 1, 1976, the previously independent municipality of Machtlfing was incorporated into the municipality of Erling-Andechs. Frieding joined on January 1, 1978. On January 2, 1978, just one day later, the municipality name Erling-Andechs was officially changed to Andechs .
Population development
Between 1988 and 2018 the municipality grew from 2,679 to 3,751 by 1,072 inhabitants or 40%.
| Course of population development | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1840 | 1900 | 1939 | 1961 | 1970 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | |||
| Residents | 962 | 1327 | 1530 | 1987 | 1867 | 2682 | 2824 | 2993 | 3208 | 3318 | 3527 | |||
Attempts at chronobiology
In a specially built bunker in the community area, experiments by the Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology took place from 1963 , which were trend-setting for chronobiology . A total of around 450 test persons lived there - initially individually, later in groups - without any connection to the outside world, without a clock and without daylight. The length of stay was usually four weeks. The purpose was to research the circadian rhythm (also called “internal clock”) of humans, also with regard to the requirements of manned space travel, which was imminent at that time. The participating scientists included Jürgen Aschoff and the Dutchman Serge Daan .
One result was that the unsynchronized daily routine runs with a periodicity of about 25 hours , a little longer than the natural day. Contrary to what was previously assumed, none of the test subjects had to undergo psychiatric treatment. The test series ended in 1989.
politics
Municipal council
| year | CSU | SPD | Green | BG | BP | total | voter turnout |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 6th | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 68.5% |
| 2014 | 6th | 2 | 2 | 6th | 0 * | 16 | 67.6% |
| 2008 | 7th | 2 | 1 | 6th | 0 * | 16 | 67.5% |
| 2002 | 8th | 4th | 0 | 4th | 0 * | 16 | 71.5% |
0 * = not running for election
mayor
Georg Scheitz (CSU) has been the current full-time mayor of the municipality of Andechs since May 1, 2020.
Previously, Anna Elisabeth Neppel (citizen group) held the office that she had taken over in 2008 from Karl Roth (CSU, term of office 1996 to 2008). From 2008 to 2020, Roth was District Administrator of the Starnberg district.
Community partnerships
Partnerships exist with
Culture and sights
The late Gothic monastery church in Andechs was redesigned from 1751 to 1755 by Johann Baptist Zimmermann in the Rococo style.
The Carl Orff Festival Andechs, at which works by Carl Orff are performed every year during the summer months in the Florian Stadl of the Andechs Monastery , are the most important venues in the world that are committed to maintaining Orff's works. At his request, Carl Orff is buried in a side chapel of the monastery church.
The remains of the Andechs section fortification from the early Middle Ages , today a ground monument, are located in the municipality .
Regular events
On Heiligenberg below the Andechs a Christmas market with living nativity scene takes place since 1976 each year on the second weekend of Advent.
In addition, there is a market with craftsmen and traders at the foot of the monastery mountain on Ascension Day and the following weekend.
economy
Erling is the seat of the Andechs dairy . A number of medium-sized companies (industry, software, craft) are located in the “Rothenfeld” industrial park in Andechs. The largest employer in the community is the Andechs monastery with the integrated brewery and gastronomy.
traffic
The MVV serves various stops in the municipality with the bus lines:
- 928 (Walchstadt-Andechs Monastery via Seefeld-Hechendorf train station and Frieding)
- 950 (Herrsching Bahnhof- Starnberg Bahnhof via Frieding)
- 951 (Herrsching Bahnhof- Starnberg Bahnhof via Andechs Monastery, Erling and Rothenfeld)
- 958 - has bike racks in summer (Tutzing Bahnhof- Andechs Monastery via Machtlfing and Erling)
Infrastructure
library
In the district of Erling there is a public library in a pavilion near the town hall which is administered and operated by the Catholic parish office of Andechs.
Fire services
In the municipality there are three volunteer fire brigades with respective fire stations in the districts of Erling, Frieding, Machtlfing and a fire brigade museum in Erling run on a voluntary basis by the "History" department of the Erling fire brigade.
childcare
There are eight childcare facilities in the community:
- Catholic kindergarten St. Elisabeth (Erling)
- BRK Children's House "Shooting Star" (Frieding)
- BRK children's home "StaRKe Strolche" (Erling)
- BRK lunch care Andechs (Erling)
- Remedial day care center "Lebenshilfe Starnberg" (Erling)
- Kindergarten of the parents' initiative "Bärenhöhle" (Erling)
- KinderArt children's house "Dandelion" (Machtlfing)
- Wald-Kreativ-Kindergarten (Machtlfing)
In addition, the municipality of Andechs offers a diverse holiday program for children during the summer holidays, which is mainly supervised by volunteers.
schools
The Carl Orff elementary school is located in the municipality of Andechs. In addition to the usual elementary school offerings, the school also offers a wide range of music lessons.
Authorities and institutions
- Landsberg am Lech correctional facility , Rothenfeld branch
- Former branch of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Von-der-Tann-Str. 7 (dissolved)
- Andechs furniture exchange: At the "furniture exchange", furniture in good condition can be returned free of charge and purchased cheaply. The entire proceeds will be used for social purposes in the community as part of the "Sunflower" campaign.
Personalities
- Hedwig von Andechs (also: Hedwig von Schlesien) (1174–1243), Duchess of Silesia, saint of the Catholic Church, was born in Andechs.
- Maurus Friesenegger (1589–1655), abbot at Andechs Monastery from 1640 to 1655, wrote a diary from the Thirty Years' War.
- Georg Queri (1879–1919), Bavarian local poet and writer, was born in the Frieding district.
- Hugo Lang (1892–1967) was abbot of the Andechs Benedictine monastery.
- Carl Orff (1895–1982), composer and music teacher, is buried in the Andechs monastery church.
- Odilo Lechner (1931–2017) was abbot of the Benedictine monastery Andechs.
- Bert Hölldobler (* 1936), behavioral scientist, sociobiologist and evolutionary ecologist was born in the Erling district.
- Anselm Bilgri (* 1953) was a Benedictine monk prior in the Andechs monastery.
- Karl Roth (* 1954) was Mayor of Andechs and District Administrator of Starnberg.
- Johannes Eckert (abbot) (* 1969), has been abbot of the Andechs Benedictine monastery since 2003.
Web links
- Homepage
- Entry on the coat of arms of Andechs in the database of the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
- ^ Community Andechs in the local database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on December 3, 2017.
- ↑ protected planet Western part of the Starnberg district
- ↑ protected planet ,
- ↑ Astrid Becker: How the landscape around Andechs was created In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . Online version of July 24, 2020, accessed August 3, 2020
- ↑ Christian Pescheck : Andechs and its surroundings in prehistoric times. In: Karl Bosl (Ed.): Andechs. The holy mountain. From the early days to the present. Prestel, Munich 1993, pp. 19-31.
- ↑ Bernward Ziegaus: The Holy Mountain Andechs - an Augustan military station in the foothills of the Alps? In: Dedicatio. Hermann Dannheimer's 70th birthday (= catalogs of the Prehistoric State Collection. Supplement 5). Michael Lassleben, Kallmünz (Opf.) 1999, ISBN 3-7847-5185-7 , pp. 78-90.
- ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 576 .
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 591 .
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing , accessed on July 12, 2014.
- ↑ a b c In the Andechs bunker: Far away from the sun and world events. nordbayern.de from February 24, 2010, accessed on October 22, 2015
- ↑ a b Drastic experiments - Alone in the concrete grave. Spiegel Online from July 29, 2013, accessed October 22, 2015
- ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung: Together to the crib. Retrieved December 9, 2019 .
