Grunewald hunting lodge
The Grunewald hunting lodge is the oldest surviving palace in Berlin . It stands on the southeastern shore of Lake Grunewald and belongs to the district of Berlin-Dahlem the district Steglitz-Zehlendorf . The lake itself is in the district of Grunewald in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district .
The hunting lodge dates back to 1542/1543 and most likely goes back to plans by the builder Caspar Theiss . The client was the Brandenburg Elector Joachim II. Hector . In the style of the early Renaissance , a building was built that was called the Green Forest and gave its name to the entire Grunewald . Around 1800 the castle also took on the shortened name of Grunewald . As a result of renovations in the period from 1705 to 1708 under Friedrich I , the first king in Prussia , the building received stylistic elements of the baroque ; The court architect Martin Grünberg was commissioned with the execution .
Managed by the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg , the hunting lodge has been used as a museum since 1932 . In addition to numerous paintings by Lucas Cranach d. Ä. and his son works of Dutch and German painting from the 15th to 19th centuries as well as the only palace hall in Berlin from the Renaissance period. A collection of hunting equipment has been on view in an outbuilding since 1977.
The construction of hunting castles under Elector Joachim II Hector
At the beginning of the 16th century, Elector Joachim II. Hector began building hunting castles in the forest and game-rich area around old Berlin and Cölln in the Mark Brandenburg . In addition to already existing simple hunting lodges, mostly in half-timbered construction , in Bötzow (later Oranienburg ), in the Teltower Heide with Grunewald and in Köpenick hunting castles in the Renaissance style as well as for these purposes converted castle complexes in Potsdam and Grimnitz near Joachimsthal on the edge of the Schorfheide . Of these castles from the time of Joachim II, only the Grunewald hunting lodge remains.
It was about 15 kilometers away from the electoral residence, where a renaissance castle was built shortly before between 1538 and 1540 in Cölln on the Spree , the predecessor of the Berlin city palace . A bridle path connected the residence Cölln with the hunting area in the Teltower Heide, from 1792 Spandauer Forst, today's Grunewald . A section of the way, the street Unter den Linden , led from the city palace to the west into the electoral zoo, which was laid out in 1527 . From there, the bridle path, which was laid out as a stick dam because of the swampy terrain, continued in a south-westerly direction, today's Budapester Straße and Kurfürstendamm .
The renaissance building
From the castle to the chateau
The fortified castles, which were formerly built to protect the sphere of influence from an economic and strategic point of view and which served as a defensive structure as well as administrative and residence, hardly offered any protection due to the further development of handguns and cannons and thus lost their importance. In addition, the territorial claim to rule of the sovereigns, such as that of the Elector of Brandenburg, had strengthened, whose greatest internal opponent was the landed gentry. With the aim to prevent armed conflicts and to clarify claims through the legal system, under the emperor was Maximilian I on the Reichstag to Worms , a Reich Law for the preservation of the 7 August 1495 Eternal Public Peace decided to but not received attention from all nobles.
This development resulted in the transition from the castle to the chateau at the turn of the 15th to the 16th century. A separation of the different structures began according to their purpose. In addition to fortifications built specifically for territorial defense, such as the Spandau Citadel in the Mark Brandenburg , representative castle buildings were built as the residence of the princes in the European residences, and mansions of the nobility and castles in the countryside that were specially designed for hunting.
Influenced by the renaissance castles of Chambord and Blois of the French King Francis I , a lot of building activity developed at the European royal courts. The architectural style of the Renaissance, which had its origins in Italy, was mainly used decoratively in northern Europe, with the structure retaining the traditional local house shape. The splendor-loving builders had the roofs and facades adorned with large windows, balconies, oriels, high dwelling houses , chimneys and paintings, sometimes also stair towers. With the construction of splendid castles and representative town houses as well as urban buildings, the wealth and understanding of art could be publicly displayed.
The hunting lodge "To the green forest"
To build a hunting lodge in the forest area of the Teltower Heide, today's Grunewald, Elector Joachim II acquired a plot of land from the noble family von Spi (e) l on the southeastern bank of Spi (e) ls-See , the later Grunewaldsee, northeast of Dahlem . He had a moated castle built right on the bank for hunting trips , which he called the Green Forest .
There are no contemporary opinions about its appearance. Only a floor plan drawn up in the middle of the 17th century, the so-called Renaissance plan, the evaluation of building files found in 1916 and excavations in the 1970s, as well as a reconstruction drawing of the building published by Albert Geyer in 1936 , provide information about the palace complex.
The renaissance plan
The evaluation of the renaissance plan and the building files of the Kurmärkisch Brandenburgische Amtskammer, then Kurmärkische Kriegs- und Domainkammer, from the years 1669 to 1737, showed that the hunting lodge was originally laid out as a moated castle on an 8 m × 21 m platform and surrounded by a moat and in the Was surrounded northwest by the Grunewaldsee. The only access to the castle was via a wooden bridge that spanned the moat. The moat surrounding the building was filled in as early as 1709, and the courtyard area was given a completely new look after the leveling. In addition, the Grunewaldsee was lowered several times in the 19th century in order to be able to cut peat on the Dahlem meadows, so that the water level has been around 2.80 meters lower since the castle was built.
The originally rectangular building has two almost square towers on the lake side, which the architect Count Rochus von Lynar added after Joachim II's death in 1571, during the reign of his son Elector Johann Georg . Around the main building, a few outbuildings were grouped in a U-shape, as well as a wall with a battlement and a round tower in the middle. The buildings on the southwest side housed a gatehouse and the castellan's apartment, on the northeast side there was a room for storing hunting gear, a gate room, the entrance gate with an adjoining open arcade and the kitchen. The main house was flanked by elongated buildings that extend to the lake. They were opened by arcades along the moat and were used to accommodate hunting dogs, horses and carriages. Although the architecture of the Renaissance largely dispensed with defensive possibilities, the entire system and the loopholes in the entrance area still reveal the fortified fortress house . The moat, the wall probably equipped with battlements and loopholes and the later added corner wings, which are reminiscent of defensive towers, were only of aesthetic importance.
Reconstruction of the renaissance building
The building files contained entries of individual repair and reconstruction measures, from which it emerged that the decorative structural elements from the Renaissance were partly thrown into the water ditch which was filled in in 1709 during a reconstruction carried out between 1705 and 1708. After excavations in the 1970s, a reconstruction drawing was made based on the components found. The evaluation showed that the footprint of the castle had not changed, but the outline did. The three-storey building, which is uniform today, originally consisted of a two-storey main house with the three-storey tower-like corner wings facing the lake, an octagonal stair tower on the front, a so-called Wendelstein and another in the connection between the main house and the western corner wing. The projecting entrance building, which still exists on the front of the courtyard, had a single-storey annex on both sides. The windows had round, lead-framed panes . A component that was already used in the late Gothic period is the still-preserved oriels on the corner wings facing the lake. Almost no 16th century building was missing. In addition to their function as a loosening facade decoration, they emphasized, among other things, the importance of the interior spaces behind.
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The main house and the Eckflügel had with beaver tail covered, probably around 45-50 degrees inclined gable roofs . The octagonal curved bell domes of the stair towers were covered with slate in " old German cover ". Numerous chimneys, dormers and high dormers gave the roof area a richly decorated structure. The gables of the house roof, the dwelling houses and the entrance building had a semi-concave, semi-convex curved outline, the so-called keel arch or donkey's back, an actually medieval arch shape from the late Gothic period, which today only exists at the entrance building in Grunewald.
The deer relief above the front door records the legend that two deer wedged their antlers here and died. Below that, a rectangular sandstone plaque reminds of the client. The words of the inscription are abbreviated and read with the addition in brackets as follows:
STILL CHRIS [TI] • GEBVRT • MD • XXXXII • VN [TER] • [D] ER REGI [ERUNG] • DES KEISERTHVMS CAR [LS] • V • HAT THE DVRCH [LAUCHTIGSTE] HOCHG [EBORENE] • FVRST • V [ ND] • HER [R] HER [R] JOACH [IM] • DER • II • MARGGR [AF] • Z [U] • BRA [N] DE [NBURG] [DE] S • HEY [LIGEN] • RO [ EMISCHEN] • REI [CHES] • ERCZCA [EMMERER] • V [ND] • KVR [FÜRST] • Z [U] • STE [TTIN] • POM [MERN] • D [E] R • CAS [SUBEN] • WEN [DEN] • IN • SCHLE [SIEN] • Z [U] • CHROS [SEN] • HERZCZ [OG] • BVR [GGRAF] • Z [U] • NVR [N] B [BERG] V [ND] • FVR [ST] • Z [V] • RV [EGEN] • DES • H [HURRY] • RO [EMISCHEN] • R [OAK] • OB [FIRST] • FELTHAVB [TMANN] • DIS • HAVS • ZUBAVEN • ANGE [FANGEN ] • V [ND] • DEN • VII MARC [IUS] • THE • FIRST [TEN] • STONE • GE [LEGT] • V [ND] • Z [UM] • GRVENEN • FOREST • GENENT •
Builder and builder
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During the reign of Joachim II, the Renaissance architecture found its way into the Mark Brandenburg. He received inspiration for the design of his buildings from his cousin, the Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich I , who had the Hartenfels Castle built in Torgau in 1533 by the builder Konrad Krebs . According to his plans and based on the Torgau model, the Kurmärkische Residenzschloss was built in Cölln on the Spree from 1538 . With the Saxon master builder Krebs, Caspar Theiss also came to Brandenburg, who was entrusted with the construction management. Little is known about its origin. However, numerous Renaissance buildings in the Mark are ascribed to him, and he is said to have participated in the planning and management of these. In the entrance room of the hunting lodge his name can be found on a stone slab above the cellar door. The stone letters have been destroyed in places, so that the inscription in capitals can no longer be fully deciphered:
"CASPER THEYS WAS SAL DI KLEINE FLAS / DI CONCZ BVNTSCHVG HOT IN THE TAS / THIS WILKVM MVS TO BEFORE HERAVS / SVNST WVRT A SUCHGER LERMAN TRAVS"
The welcome drink is served on the relief above, the Zecherrelief. According to the inscription, the images show Caspar Theiss and the building scribe Kunz Buntschuh . There are various statements about the third person in the literature. Elector Joachim II, a nobleman or an electoral official and the sculptor Hans Schenk , known as Scheutzlich, are suspected.
Whether Caspar Theiss was the builder of Grunewald Castle cannot be clarified from the stone relief, as it is not certain whether it found its place at this point when the castle was built. The door frame, which was renewed in 1705 and which lies under the text plate, and the slightly displaced, not vertically hanging plate and the relief give rise to doubts. There are also no documents that could provide reliable information about the builder. Due to his popularity and leading involvement in numerous building projects under Joachim II, it is reasonable to assume that Theiss also designed the Grunewald hunting lodge architecturally.
The renovation under Friedrich I.
Increase and change of the roof area
Apart from the corner wings, which were added to the main house under Elector Johann Georg, no major renovations by Joachim II's successors are known. Due to the construction files found, repair work can only be proven again under the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm . In 1669 he gave the order "to repair the Grünewaldtsche Jagdthaus, which had fallen into disrepair and have it built again." The recurring building maintenance measures continued into the reign of his son Friedrich III. away.
Johann Arnold Nering , who was in the electoral service as court architect in those years, died in 1695. His successor, Martin Grünberg , received the order from Friedrich I, who has been the first king in Prussia since 1701, to carry out major repairs and modernization work, because the “Königl. The hunting house and the buildings standing there [are] in great need of major repairs. ”According to the building files, the inventory was also missing at this time, which suggests that the house has not been used for many years.
In addition to renovation work inside, the richly structured roof zone was changed in 1705. The gable roofs of the corner wings and the main house with its mid-level houses and dormers gave way to a mansard hipped roof covering these parts of the building with dormers on the long sides to illuminate the attic spaces. Previously, the main building and the stair tower were raised on the front and adapted to the three-storey corner wings. The protruding entrance building was retained, but the adjacent ancillary buildings were demolished. After the partial installation of new windows and repairs to the external facades, the renovation was completed in 1708. This external appearance of the building has largely been preserved to this day. Only the view of the roof changed in the 1820s, when the gable dormers were replaced by bat dormers when roof repairs were made again.
Two years earlier, Johann Heinrich Behr took over the management of the construction work as the successor to Martin Grünberg, who died in 1706. In 1709 he had the moat filled with roof parts and rubble filled in and planted with grass, the yard paved and three summer houses and fishing houses built on the lake.
The interiors before and after the renovation
The modernization measures mainly affected the interior. Simple stucco ceilings were put in, chimneys and tiled stoves were built to heat the living spaces, and floors, windows and doors were renewed. An unusual location for the room layout in castles from the time of construction is the large courtyard room on the ground floor, as the ballrooms were usually on the upper floor. During the renovation, the largest room in the house was divided into two rooms by a partition. In the 1970s, the hall was able to be restored to its original state and is thus the only room in the castle that roughly conveys the Renaissance style. By demolishing the dividing wall, a double arcade with a column, also dividing the room, was exposed. The stucco ceiling, drawn in in 1705, hid the imitation coffered ceiling, which was divided into fields by the black and white painted ceiling. The floor, made of originally red brick slabs, could also be restored.
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The courtyard room was originally heated by a large box oven , of which only four of the cast iron plates have survived. They are the only remnants of the interior from the founding time of Grunewald Castle. According to the Renaissance plan, there was a second, slightly smaller box oven in a room on the east side of the building. They were both replaced by tiled stoves during the renovation in 1705. The narrow, elongated box ovens that reached into the room stood flush with the wall on one side and could be heated from an adjoining chamber. These so-called from the oven type breech-loading were expensive luxuries. They show the importance Joachim II attached to the hunting lodge, which was certainly representative in its time, especially since the elector is considered one of the greatest patrons of art among the Hohenzollerns .
There is no reliable information about the use of the two rooms in the corner wings at the time of Joachim II. The two rooms and the heatable room on the east side of the house, however, were given additional facilities by toilet facilities, so-called priveter, and were therefore certainly not without significance. These lavatory oriels attached to the outer wall of the house above the moat , which could be reached from the rooms through narrow door openings, were removed during the renovation work in 1705. The bricked up wall surfaces of the former 50 centimeter wide door openings came to light again in 1963 when the house was re-plastered.
After the renovation in 1708, the Hegemeister was assigned the rooms in the eastern area. The royal apartments included the divided courtyard room and the room in the western corner wing, which Frederick I used as a bedroom. The most elaborately designed stucco ceiling in the entire castle has oval and polygonal coffered fields and is richly decorated with shells and foliage. The furniture from the 18th century is no longer there.
At the time of Joachim II, the private apartments of the electoral couple were on the first floor, which was accessible via the Wendelstein at the front. The Electress's living room and bedroom were in the eastern part of the house, and the Elector's rooms in the west. A larger room in the middle, which lay over part of the courtyard parlor, probably served as a common dining room. In 1705, the private rooms were also demolished in this room and the bay windows. The bay windows on the corner wings, which are four steps higher than the room floor, have been preserved to this day. Under Frederick I, the rooms on the first floor were used to accommodate hunting guests from 1708 and, according to an inventory list from 1710, were partially furnished with bedroom furniture.
Before the building was extended, there was a large attic on the second floor with two rooms in the uppermost part of the three-story corner wing. The room in the west tower belonged to the private chambers of Elector Johann Georg and could be reached separately from the bay room below via a small spiral staircase that still exists today. The access doors to the stairs on the first and second floors, with their semicircular ends, date from the Renaissance. A third door from this period is at the entrance to a room in the entrance building, which can be reached from the first floor.
In the inventory list the rather modest furnishing of the hunting lodge Grunewald of only nine rooms was listed, although the number of rooms in the three-story building was much higher. This suggests that the second floor was not yet equipped. Since only the property of the king was inventoried, of course the living quarters of the Hegemeister are not mentioned either.
The use of the Grunewald hunting lodge
Passion for hunting and Anna Sydow (16th century)
Joachim II was a passionate hunter who often used his hunting locks. For his passion for hunting, he received several rebukes from his estates , who accused him of “always leaning in wood and waiting for the hunt”, but did not spend much time on government business. But not only the sovereigns sought diversion in the hunt. For the entire court society, the hunting events were above all a pleasure and pastime. Splendid celebrations made them a social event. Hunting castles were built in the princes' territories to accommodate the guests.
In the time of Joachim II, the Grunewald hunting lodge was not only the place of residence for hunting events lasting several days, but also the permanent residence of his mistress Anna Sydow , popularly known as the beautiful foundress and wife of the head of the electoral foundry in Grimnitz , for two decades . After her death, the following story grew up around her, which in popular belief made her the ghost figure of Grunewald Castle.
In order to escape the monotony of court life, the Elector's second wife - Hedwig of Poland , daughter of the Polish King Sigismund I - also took part in the hunting fun with her entourage. During a stay in Grimnitz in 1551, the rotten floor broke away under the elector couple. Joachim II got stuck between the beams and was not injured. The Electress fell down, broke her thigh and impaled herself on the hanging antlers in the room below. After that, she could only walk on crutches. He took the physical condition of his wife, which was no longer presentable for Joachim II, as an opportunity to enter into a relationship with Anna Sydow. With her he now appeared in public and often spent many days in the Grunewald hunting lodge with their company and their child. After Joachim's death in 1571, Anna Sydow came to the Spandau Fortress on the orders of his son, Elector Johann Georg, where she died in 1575. However, the popular belief that the unfortunate woman had been walled up alive in the wall of the small spiral staircase in the western corner wing and has been haunted the castle at midnight ever since.
Declining interest in the hunting lodge (17th and 18th centuries)
The Grunewald hunting lodge was neglected for many decades and was therefore hardly or not at all used by the Brandenburg electors. Due to the repairs carried out under the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm, the building was usable again, but only a few kilometers southwest of Grunewald, near his residence in Potsdam, a new hunting lodge was built in 1683 with Klein-Glienicke .
The Grunewald hunting lodge also played only a minor role for his son Friedrich I. The ongoing damage reports nevertheless led to the modernization measures being ordered. The outbuildings also saw a change. The stable building on the west side of the main house, which was originally open to the former moat, was replaced by a two-storey building. On the ground floor space was created to accommodate the carriages, the castellan received an apartment on the upper floor. This was followed by a half-timbered horse stable facing the lake. In the northeast, the arcade between the entrance gate and the kitchen was walled up, and new stables were built in front of the wall in the southeast.
Like many of his predecessors, the soldier king Friedrich Wilhelm I was a passionate hunter. He often hunted in the Grunewald, but never used the castle for long stays. For his excessive hunts, he favored the forest area around Königs Wusterhausen , whose lordship and castle he received as a ten-year-old from his father Friedrich I, as well as a peasant heath southeast of his Potsdam residence, which he had opened up between 1725 and 1729 for parforce hunts - the so-called Parforceheide since then . The Stern hunting lodge was built in 1730 in the center of the complex . As early as 1734, renewed damage to the roof of the main house in Grunewald and dilapidated fishing houses were reported. Since 1734 the term "castle" has been used in the documents.
When Frederick the Great took office in 1740, the hunting lodge finally lost its importance. In contrast to his ancestors - Johann Sigismund was the exception - he rejected hunting as a pastime. In the text Antimachiavell , in which he wrote down his thoughts on the tasks and goals of the exercise of princely power as early as the time of the Crown Prince, he described it as one of the sensual delights that move the body very much and do not improve the mind . On June 22, 1765, Frederick the Great gave the order to store the hunting gear of the Berlin Jägerhof on the Friedrichswerder in an outbuilding of the Grunewald hunting lodge. In order to be able to take up the Berlin inventory, a stable in the south of the courtyard had to be enlarged on both sides, "from 207 feet " (around 65 meters) to a "total length of 535 feet" (around 168 meters). The equipment required for the various types of hunting could be found in the new hunt magazine, but not the weapons, which were stored in armory and armory.
Like Frederick the Great, his nephew and successor Friedrich Wilhelm II found no interest in hunting. For occasional stays he had three rooms in the hunting lodge furnished on the first floor. In 1788 Johann Friedrich Nagel commissioned him to create a painting with the view of the palace from the northeast and only one remaining fishing house on Lake Grunewaldsee, which was also demolished around 1903. It is the oldest pictorial document of the hunting lodge.
Revival and Hubertus Hunt (19th Century)
Friedrich Wilhelm III. , on the Prussian throne since 1797, also only used the hunting lodge for occasional stays. He too did not enjoy hunting. During his reign, Grunewald briefly attracted the Berlin population in May 1814. During the Napoleonic Wars , the French Emperor had the Quadriga of the Brandenburg Gate brought to Paris as booty in December 1806. After the Battle of Paris at the end of March 1814 and the defeat of Napoleon , it could be brought back to Prussia. The work of the sculptor Johann Gottfried Schadows was packed in boxes and stood in Grunewald for a few days before being transported on to Berlin.
The building files of the Royal Court Marshal's Office still contain records of various repair work, which increased in the 1820s and led to a new roofing of the main house during this time, whereby the dormers from the renovation of 1705 were removed and replaced by five bat dormers.
In the 1820s, interest in the hunting area in Grunewald grew again. By the sons of Friedrich Wilhelm III., The Princes Friedrich Wilhelm , Wilhelm and above all at Carl's instigation , the parforce hunt, also known as the red hunt, was revived on February 8, 1828. Until the hunting ground was abandoned at the beginning of the following century, hunting events were held regularly. The annual Hubertus hunt on November 3rd was of particular importance. State guests took part in it, such as the Russian Tsar Alexander II from the Romanov family in 1864 . In Grunewald, under Wilhelm I, who had ruled since 1861, the thousandth par force hunt was celebrated as early as 1863. Of the par force hunts held by the court in 2000 between 1828 and 1897 in the various districts around Berlin, 638 were carried out in Grunewald alone. The hunting lodge had meanwhile been furnished with all sorts of furniture and utensils.
In 1891 the puke affair broke out . One of the biggest sex scandals in the German Empire under Kaiser Wilhelm II took place in the hunting lodge in January 1891, when 15 ladies and gentlemen of the noble court celebrated an orgy there and this became known nationwide.
Museum use of the hunting lodge (since the 20th century)
As early as the middle of the 19th century, the Berliners discovered the Grunewald and the chain of lakes - the Hundekehle , Grunewald and Schlachtensee as well as Krumme Lanke - as a local recreation area. In addition, the forest area of the hunting area was increasingly reduced due to the growth of the city of Berlin, military installations, railway lines and roads, so that some parforce hunts were held in the Parforceheide and the Stern hunting lodge as early as the end of the 19th century. As a result, in 1907 the Grunewald was finally abandoned as a court hunting ground. Through the permanent forest contract of 1915 between the Zweckverband Groß-Berlin and the Prussian forest administration, large parts of the Grunewald were finally designated as a local recreation area.
Despite the developments, the last German Emperor Wilhelm II had some contemporary modernization measures carried out in the palace between 1901 and 1908. In addition to roof repairs, details of the renovation are no longer verifiable, but toilets and baths were put on the upper floor and the four remaining cast iron plates of the box ovens from the Renaissance were discovered when some tiled stoves were demolished.
After the First World War and the end of the monarchy, the property, property and real estate of the House of Hohenzollern were initially confiscated by the new government. After the passing of the "Law on the Asset Disputes between the Prussian State and the Members of the formerly ruling Prussian Royal Family" on October 26, 1926, the Grunewald hunting lodge came into the possession of the Prussian state and then into the care of the Prussian administration founded in 1927 State palaces and gardens.
The painting collection
In 1932 the administration set up a museum in the building with furniture from the 17th to 19th centuries and paintings of German and Dutch painting from the 16th and 17th centuries. In addition to 29 existing pictures with hunting motifs, another 153 paintings from the inventory of various Hohenzollern castles were added.
During the Second World War , the hunting lodge survived the heavy bombing of Berlin unscathed. Due to fighting in the last days of the war, however, some works of art were damaged by bullets and seventeen paintings were missing after looting by members of the Soviet occupying forces . When the southwestern Berlin district was finally placed under American administration as a result of the Four Power Agreement , the American headquarters approved the reopening of the museum, which took place on May 16, 1949. It was the first Berlin art museum to be reopened to the public after the war. The collection in Grunewald Castle could be expanded once more by outsourcing works of art from the destroyed Berlin Palace and Monbijou Palace. In addition, there was the three-winged altarpiece from the early 15th century from the town church in Cadolzburg , which was demolished in 1750 , some paintings by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Ä., As Judith with the head of Holofernes and the portrait of the 65-year-old Joachim II by Lucas Cranach the Elder . J. Some pictures from the booty were also returned, such as a presumably old copy of the Fall of Man by Jan Gossaert and the Lucretia by Lucas Cranach the Elder. Ä. , both from the 16th century. The genre painting Smoking Women by the Leiden painter Jan Steen , which was reacquired in 1964, is now in Oranienburg Palace . The painting Lady with a Parrot by the Leiden painter Willem van Mieris , which has also been recovered , has been kept in the cabinet in the hall of Caputh Castle since 2004 .
After many years of renovation work, Berlin's largest Cranach collection has been on view here since 2011. These include nine large-format central panels from a Passion cycle from 1537/38 from the collegiate church of the former Dominican monastery in Cölln . The collection also includes four large-format Exemplum panels with the ruler's virtues of courage, moderation, justice and wisdom, which were probably created in 1540/1545 for a hall in the Stechbahn wing of the Cölln Castle . In addition, German and Dutch paintings from the 15th and 16th centuries are shown, most of which the Prussian royal family acquired at the beginning of the 19th century from the collection of the English merchant Edward Solly . The permanent exhibition also includes portrait paintings of Brandenburg-Prussian rulers and members of their families, paintings and items of equipment with hunting motifs as well as various types of presentation of hunting trophies.
The hunting museum
A hunting museum was opened on January 29, 1977 in the former hunting gear depot of Frederick the Great, which after renovations had a hall length of 38 meters. The original equipment was no longer available, so that handguns such as wheel lock rifles and pistols from the second third of the 16th to the 18th century were exhibited. Around one hundred wheel lock weapons come from the inventory of the former Berlin armory and a large part from the collection of Prince Carl of Prussia . Stag, fallow deer and elk trophies as well as roebuck horns that were previously in the hunting lodge also contribute to the museum's equipment.
The castle as a film set
As early as 1967, the castle served as the backdrop for the Edgar Wallace film adaptation of The Blue Hand , with Klaus Kinski in a double role, later as a location for the movie Wildgänse 2 and from 1997 to 2007 as an external backdrop for the children's series Schloss Einstein on the children's channel . In addition, there were outdoor shots for the series in love in Berlin .
literature
- Friedrich Siegmar von Dohna-Schlobitten: Electoral palaces in the Mark Brandenburg . Part I Grunewald, Oranienburg, Schönhausen . Karl Siegismund, Berlin 1890.
- Georg Poensgen : Grunewald hunting lodge . Administration of the State Palaces and Gardens, Berlin 1933; Revised edition of Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1949.
- Maria Kapp: The Dutch and Flemish paintings of the 17th century in the Grunewald hunting lodge ( from Berlin castles 10). Administration of the State Palaces and Gardens, Berlin 1989.
- State Palaces and Gardens of Berlin (Ed.): 450 Years of the Grunewald Hunting Lodge 1542–1992 . Berlin 1992
- Volume 1: Articles ( table of contents ).
- Volume 2: Helmut Börsch-Supan : From the painting collection.
- Volume 3: Winfried Baer: From the hunting collection.
- Gert Streidt, Peter Feierabend: Prussia. Art and architecture . Könemann, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-89508-424-7 , pp. 64-66.
- Handbook of German Art Monuments . Berlin , edited by Sibylle Badstübner-Gröger, Michael Bollé, Ralph Paschke u. a., 2nd edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, pp. 528-529.
- Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg: Grunewald Hunting Lodge . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-422-04033-5 .
Web links
- Grunewald hunting lodge
- Museum Journal
- German Historical Museum: Castles in Brandenburg and Berlin: Grunewald hunting lodge
- Hunting equipment magazine at the Grunewald hunting lodge
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
Individual evidence
- ^ State Palaces and Gardens of Berlin (SSGB): 450 Years of the Grunewald Hunting Lodge 1542–1992 , I. Essays, p. 22.
- ↑ The building files are named “Amt Spandow. Acta concerning the construction of the hunting lodge on the Grünewald ”and extend from July 1669 to December 1737. Cf. Friedrich Backschat: News on the construction history of the hunting lodge Grunewald. In: Mitteilungen des Verein für die Geschichte Berlins 42nd Vol., No. 7–9, 1925, p. 97.
- ↑ SSGB: 450 Years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. Essays, p. 9.
- ↑ SSGB: 450 years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. Essays, p. 21.
- ↑ Hartwig Schmidt . In: SSGB: 450 years Grunewald hunting lodge 1542–1992 , I. Essays, p. 49, note 14. Cf. Siegmar Graf zu Dohna: Electoral castles in the Mark Brandenburg . Vol. I, 1890, p. 5.
- ↑ Hartwig Schmidt. In: SSGB: 450 years Grunewald hunting lodge 1542–1992 , I. essays, p. 49, note p. 14. Cf. Gustav Albrecht: The Zecher relief in the Grunewald hunting lodge . In: Der Bär 19, 1893, p. 55.
- ^ Ernst Badstübner: Architecture, sculpture and painting . In: Gert Streidt, Peter Feierabend: Prussia. Art and architecture . Cologne 1999, p. 66.
- ↑ SSGB: 450 years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. essays, p. 13 f.
- ↑ From a letter from the chief hunter Hans Friedrich von Oppen from Königsberg on July 14, 1669. See building files 1669 ff, fol. 5. Cf. SSGB: 450 years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. Articles, p. 23.
- ↑ Building files 1669 ff, fol. 24. Cf. SSGB: 450 years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. Essays, p. 23.
- ↑ SSGB: 450 Years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. Articles, p. 23
- ↑ Johannes Schultze : The Mark Brandenburg . Volume 4: From the Reformation to the Peace of Westphalia (1535–1648) . Berlin 1964, p. 62.
- ^ Antimachiavell, or attempt to criticize Nic. Machiavell's art of governance of a prince. [...] . Chapter 14, Hanover and Leipzig 1762, p. 294 ( digital , accessed on March 8, 2012).
- ↑ From the report of the building inspector Baeger from July 1765. Cf. SSGB: 450 years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. essays, p. 57.
- ↑ SSGB: 450 years Jagdschloß Grunewald 1542–1992 , I. Essays, p. 58.
- ↑ a b SSGB: 450 years Jagdschloß 1542-1992 Grunewald , III. From the hunting collection, p. 6.
- ^ Wolfgang Wippermann : Scandal in the Grunewald hunting lodge. Masculinity and honor in the German Empire . Primus, Darmstadt 2010, ISBN 978-3-89678-810-8 .
- ↑ a b c SSGB: 450 Years of the Grunewald Hunting Lodge 1542–1992 , II. From the painting collection, p. 5.
- ↑ SPSG: Annual Report 2004 . 3. New acquisitions, p. 9. PDF , accessed on May 12, 2019.
- ^ A b Carola Aglaia Zimmermann: Cranach in Grunewald . In: Museum Journal Issue 4, 2011, p. 38 f. ( online )
Coordinates: 52 ° 28 '2.5 " N , 13 ° 15' 41.1" E
Old Palace | Bellevue Palace | Biesdorf Castle | Britz Castle | Carstenn-Schlösschen | Charlottenburg Palace | Ephraim Palace | Friedrichsfelde Palace | Glienicke Hunting Lodge | Glienicke Castle | Grunewald Hunting Lodge | Commandant's House | Köpenick Castle | Kronprinzenpalais | Monbijou Castle | Prince Heinrich's Palace | Palais Donner | Palais Mendelssohn | Castle on the Pfaueninsel | Prince Albrecht Palace | Princesses Palace | Schönhausen Palace | City Palace | Spandau Citadel | Tegel Castle | Wrangelschlösschen
