Kipshagen ponds

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Kipshagen ponds

IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area

Holte Castle - 2016-03-19 - Kipshagener Teiche (7) .jpg
location North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany
surface 11.25 ha
WDPA ID 82063
Geographical location 51 ° 54 '  N , 8 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 51 ° 54 '26 "  N , 8 ° 37' 52"  E
mark
Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock - NSG Kipshagener Teiche - Map.png
Setup date 1970
administration Lower landscape authority of the Gütersloh district
f2

The Kipshagener ponds are a privately owned nature reserve near Schloss Holte-Stukenbrock ( North Rhine-Westphalia ). It has an area of ​​about 11.25 hectares.

location

The Kipshagen ponds are located in the Senne between Stukenbrock and Holte Castle , about 600 m west-southwest of the Kipshagen farm. It is partly surrounded by pine forests and fields. Tennis and soccer fields are located directly on the southern border. The western border of the site is marked by a high voltage line.

history

It has not yet been possible to determine exactly when the ponds were created in the former moorland and heathland. A traffic jam license dates from 1842; but the waters must have existed long before. As the Prussian first photograph from 1837 shows, there was originally even a third pond in the area of ​​the nature reserve. It was below the western pond and was about the same size. Today's Erlenbruch was therefore significantly smaller. The western border of this pond was roughly where the high-voltage line runs today .

The scientific significance of the Kipshagen ponds has long been known. Therefore efforts were made early on to preserve the area for posterity. In 1925 it was secured by a lease agreement between the previous owner, the landowner Kipshagen and the Bielefeld Natural Science Association. However, the association did not purchase the area. As early as 1932, the site had to endure numerous interventions. For example, a large heather moor complex on the upper pond was covered with sand and the pond floor was fertilized with lime and cleared. A floristic particularly valuable Moor sink in the southwest of today's NSG was completely destroyed.

In 1937 the area was finally placed under nature protection for the first time. This makes it one of the oldest protected areas in the Senne, along with the Langenbergteich , the Ramselbruch and the Furlbachtal . Despite the early protection, the condition deteriorated noticeably in the following years. In 1942, the Epping company received approval to store waste and to trickle sewage near the nature reserve. After the war, recreational activities in the area increased significantly; people bathed in the ponds. At the Paderborn weekly market, water lilies and lung gentians that had been taken from the area were also sold. In 1970 a new protection ordinance was issued; however, the protected area was reduced to 7.8 hectares. The most serious consequences for the vegetation were the discharge of sewage, which eventually led to the loss of the once very rich bank and floating leaf vegetation (water lilies).

At the end of 1989 extensive maintenance and renovation measures were carried out in the area. To protect the transitional moor from increasing eutrophication , part of the pond was separated by a dam. In 1990/91 a primary clarification tank with gravel banks was built in front of the upper pond, which should lead to an improvement in the water quality. In addition, particularly sensitive areas of the NSG were closed to visitors and provided with a fence.

flora

Since the first comprehensive floristic studies in 1933, a number of rare species have now become extinct. Which includes:

Despite the numerous impairments, the Kipshagener ponds are still one of the botanically most valuable areas of the Senne. However, the two heavily eutrophied ponds only show fragmentary silting societies. The reed bed consists of reeds ( Phragmites australis ), swamp iris ( Iris pseudacorus ), broad-leaved cattail ( Typha latifolia ), millet sedge ( Carex panicea ), bittersweet nightshade ( Solanum dulcamara ), rush ( Juncus effusus ), shaggy willow herb ( Epilobium hirsutum ) and forest angelica ( Angelica sylvestris ).

The small transitional moor that extends at the edge of the lower pond is particularly interesting . It is now fenced in and is regularly cleared of emerging trees, as the water level dropped significantly years ago. Larger areas takes a wet heath company , which primarily from cross-leaved heath ( Erica tetralix ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris ) and moor grass ( Molinia caerulea composed). In some places you can also find the bogberry ( Vaccinium uliginosum ) and the cornice ( Trichophorum germanicum ). The mean sundew ( Drosera intermedia ), the bulky rush ( Juncus squarrosus ) and the white beaked reed ( Rhynchopsora alba ) can be found in worn-out areas within the heather .

A raised bog-like complex has been preserved on the edge of the wet heather , in which rarities such as round-leaved sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia ), rosemary heather ( Andromeda polifolia ), cotton grass ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) and common cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccus ) thrive.

The Alder Quarry Forest ( Carici elongatae-Alnetum ) below the western pond is quite well developed. In which he includes herbaceous layer rich in characteristic species such as Thelypteris palustris ( Thelypteris palustris ), Calla Lily ( Calla palustris ), marsh violet ( Viola palustris ), long-spiked sedge ( Carex elongata ) and royal fern ( Osmunda regalis ). The fever clover ( Menyanthes trifoliata ) is also said to occur here.

Blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), lingonberry ( Vaccinium vitis-idaea ), blackberry ( Deschampsia flexuosa ), common heather ( Calluna vulgaris ) and seven-star grow in the fragmentarily preserved oak-birch forests and the pine forests, which occupy larger areas, some of which grow on dunes ( Trientalis europaea ).

fauna

Kuhlmann observed 80 species of birds in and around the area. Among the former breeding birds include the Common Snipe ( Gallinag gallinago ), the reed warbler ( Acrocephalus steperus ) and the lapwing ( Vanellus vanellus ). Even today, the brooding Little Grebe ( Tachybaptus ruficollis ) on the ponds.

The sand lizard ( Lacerta agilis ) lives at the edge of the forest .

Numerous types of dragonfly have also been identified, including the common winter dragonfly ( Sympecma fusca ), the glossy rush damsel ( Lestes dryas ), the peat damsel ( Aeshna juncea ) and the common emerald dragonfly ( Cordulia aenea ).

Literature (selection)

The "Kipshagener ponds" are among the best-studied nature reserves in the dairy area. Therefore, only the most important publications should be mentioned here:

  • J. Brock: "Kipshagener Teiche". The fall of a nature reserve. In: GNS-Info, Heft 2 (1982), pages 10-17
  • H. Gottlieb: The higher plants of the protected area Kipshagen. In: Sixth report by the Natural Science Association for Bielefeld and the surrounding area (1933), pp. 175–188
  • Joachim Hüppe: Development of the flora in the NSG "Kipshagener Teiche" in the last 50 years. In: Natur und Heimat, 41st vol., 3rd issue, September 1981, pages 67–79
  • Download page: Fritz Koppe: The vegetation conditions of the Kipshagen protected area. In: Sixth report by the Natural Science Association for Bielefeld and the surrounding area (1933), pages 45–65 (PDF file; 5.77 MB)
  • Heinz Kuhlmann: Mammals and Birds. In: Sixth report by the Natural Science Association for Bielefeld and the surrounding area (1933), pages 251–56
  • Franz Josef Manegold: Plant communities of the waters and wetlands of the Senne. In: Contributions to the ecology of the Senne, 3rd part. Bielefeld 1981, pages 51-154
  • Richard Rehm: The plant-sociological conditions of the nature reserve "Kipshagener Teiche" near Stukenbrock. In: 16. Report of the Natural Science Association for Bielefeld and the surrounding area for the years 1959 to 1961. Bielefeld 1962, pages 35–87
  • Fritz Runge: The nature reserves of Westphalia and the former administrative district of Osnabrück. 4th, improved and expanded edition, Münster 1982, pp. 116–118
  • Seraphim, Ernst Theodor: Proposals for the designation of ecologically valuable biotope complexes of the Senne as nature reserves. In: Contributions to the ecology of the Senne, 3rd part. Bielefeld 1981, pages 239-320

Web links

Commons : Nature reserve Kipshagener Teiche  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files