House Lüttinghof

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House Lüttinghof
The mansion from the north

The mansion from the north

Alternative name (s): Lüttinghof Castle
Creation time : before 1308
Castle type : Niederungsburg, location
Conservation status: received or received substantial parts
Construction: Quarry stone, brick
Place: Gelsenkirchen-Hassel
Geographical location 51 ° 37 '9.1 "  N , 7 ° 2' 22"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 37 '9.1 "  N , 7 ° 2' 22"  E

The Lüttinghof house is a moated castle in Gelsenkirchen . It is located in the Hassel district north of Gelsenkirchen-Buer on the city limits of Marl , not far from the Polsum district of Marl . The Niederungsburg was built at the beginning of the 14th century and is the city's oldest monument . At the beginning of the 18th century, the Lords of Nesselrode had the complex redesigned in the Baroque style and an ornamental garden laid out. The castle chapel and the farm buildings were demolished in the 20th century and a modern new building was built in place of the outer bailey by 1991.

Architecture and building history

Overall system

Schematic plan of the plant; dark gray: existing buildings, light gray: former buildings

The moated castle is located near an old trade route in the middle of a lowland area designated as a nature reserve with oak trees over 300 years old . The buildings of the complex stand on individual islands surrounded by broad moats , which are connected to one another by stone arch bridges. The outer bailey is accessed from the southwest via a bridge. Ahead, the west wing of the mansion rises from the moat that separates it from the outer bailey. To the south of the approach there is an open lawn on a peninsula, on which a castle chapel stood until 1974. To the north of it there is a modern three-wing new building instead of the former farm building. Another bridge, accompanied by pillars , leads from the courtyard area of ​​the outer bailey to the almost square inner courtyard of the inner bailey . It is bordered in the south and west by the wings of the manor house, which are arranged at right angles to one another. The entrance to the manor house leads to the first floor via a staircase on the west wing. On the opposite side of the inner courtyard, a bridge, which is flanked by two baroque pillars with attached vases, leads to the elongated island of the former baroque garden . Before the bridge, a narrow path leads to a terrace behind the manor house.

Mansion

The outer

The first building was erected shortly before 1308. From this construction period, the 1.65 meter thick outer walls on the sides of the moat have been preserved right up to the first floor. This quarry stone masonry was a five-meter-high surrounding wall with a battlement in the moat , which enclosed a 31.5 × 26-meter inner courtyard. Inside the wall stood the upper house (south wing) and the front house (west wing) connected to it at right angles, the outer walls of which have also been partially preserved. At that time, a passage in the west wing, in an axis with the bridge of the outer bailey, provided access to the inner courtyard. The main entrance to the manor house was in the corner of the building in the courtyard.

The so-called Vorhaus seen from the Vorburgbrücke

In 1423/24 the castle burned down. Parts of the outer walls could be used in the early reconstruction. The south wing was extended by one storey with finer masonry. The approximately 35 cm thick facade was given an ashlar cornice . Today it is covered with roof tiles. In the basement of the south wing were cross vault with transverse arches erected, the barrel vault of the west wing could be obtained. The different old vaults led to the assumption that the south wing was a younger extension of the west wing.

In the middle of the 16th century the passage of the vestibule was bricked up. Access to the main castle was relocated to the north side of the island.

At the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century, major renovations took place. According to an order from June 1690 to the master bricklayer Niklas Kamarck, a building was to be built "from the new house to the Weyer" with a 7.22 × 7.54 meter chamber, a gallery and a new gate. It is unclear whether, and if so, where exactly the construction contract was carried out. In an undated order confirmation from the same craftsman, a round brick tower was to be demolished and replaced by a square tower with an edge length of 5.65 meters and four storeys high. This tower is probably a stair tower that stood in the corner of the two wings. By 1692 100,000 bricks had been procured for a "new building". This probably means the expansion of the second floor of the west wing around 1700. The windows in the basement were enlarged and axially adapted to the new, regular windows on the upper floor. Under the windows were curly, possibly as early as 1688, sills attached, upstairs one by curly brackets worn garderobe . The gable roofs with three gables were replaced by hip roofs from 1709 to 1713 . The eaves were probably also added. The outer wall of the west wing facing the inner courtyard and the vaults underneath had to be partially rebuilt in 1711. In 1713, the main entrance to the manor house was moved from the corner of the building a little to the north in the west wing, in an axis with the baroque garden. The old enclosing wall in the northwest and northeast of the courtyard was probably removed in 1714. An order to the master bricklayer Henrich Tutmann from July 20, 1715 mentions three arches in the inner courtyard. It is probably a loggia on the northwest side of the courtyard, which could correspond to the construction of June 1690. Because of the massive, closed construction, the defensive character of the complex was retained despite the baroque renovations.

The staircase in the inner courtyard to the entrance on the first floor was redesigned in 1841 according to plans by the Berlin architect C. Freyse. The interior staircase was changed in 1869/70.

Presumably, subsidence led to the collapse of the northeast corner of the south wing, which was then renewed.

The castle was restored between 1988 and 1991 . Among other things, the roof was re-covered and the outer walls painted. The paint with brick-red mineral paint on thin slurry plaster was based on paint residues from the masonry on the second floor of the vestibule. Inside, the wooden beam ceilings were relieved by reinforced concrete, partition walls were torn down and new stairs were installed. The inner courtyard was re-paved and new bridges built.

Interior

Replica of the baroque fireplace in the knight's hall

Most of the interior fittings came to Haus Havixbeck from the second half of the 19th century .

A Renaissance fireplace from 1562 originally stood in the mansion in the northwest corner of the vestibule on the first floor. It was set up for the marriage of the lord of the castle Reiner von Raesfeld with Anna von der Lippe (called Hoen) and is therefore also called the wedding chimney. Half-arches extend from two columns that support the mantle. It is closed at the top and bottom by cornices. The four heads protruding far are particularly striking. The two busts on the front can be assigned to the spouses. Between them is located in the middle of one with scrollwork decorated cartridge with the saying "Uf Dusser stuffe sall men say: Honorable wordt un va nemanz disability. 1562. "(" In this room one should speak: Honorable words and about nobody's ailments. 1562. ")

A second chimney from 1688 stood in the knight's hall , which today is a replica of it. The fireplace comes from the workshop of Johann Wilhelm Gröninger and is made of Baumberger sandstone . Pilaster strips and caryatids adorned with flowers hold the fireplace mantle, which is architraved by fascia . Between the horizontal bars, a cartridge with the inscription "OMNIA PRO POSTERIS" ("Everything for the descendants") is framed by cartilage and cartilage as well as two putti . Above the upper entablature there is a blown tail gable . In the middle there is a cartouche which lists the offices and titles of the lord of the castle Johannes Wilhelm von Nesselrode. The cartouche above shows the coat of arms of the von Nesselrode. Both cartridges are entwined with lush volutes , flower ornaments and putti. Two female figures, who rest on the curved gables, form the outer end.

Farm buildings

The LWL had this modern new building built on the Vorburginsel.

The three wings of the farm buildings stood on the outer bailey island. They contained harvesting chambers, blacksmiths and wood workshops, stables for cows, pigs and horses as well as living quarters for the servants. The northeastern, white plastered brick and timber frame building with a hipped roof was built in 1725. However, the building had a previous building made of quarry stone, based on oak stakes. In the 19th century it was renewed and in 1948 living quarters in the southeast were added. In the north-west, at a right angle, was an elongated barn. It was destroyed in the Second World War and then rebuilt, but burned down in 1959 and was rebuilt again in 1960/61. The barn was joined by the south-west brick wing. It was from 1838.

The farm buildings were demolished in 1987/88 and a large, glazed brick building with wooden structural elements was erected in their place. The modern new building is based on the layout of the old outer bailey and, like this one, also consists of three wings. Due to the low eaves line of the gable roof, the building looks relatively low compared to the manor house despite its two storeys. In 1994 it was recognized as an "exemplary building in North Rhine-Westphalia".

Mills

Immediately in the south-west of the castle complex, the Hasseler Mühlenbach flows into the Picksmühlenbach, which flows further north towards the Lippe as Rapphoffs-Mühlenbach . The streams drove two grain mills, an oil mill and a fulling mill in 1671 . In 1691 a drilling and grinding mill was mentioned. The pent Rapp Hoffs-Mühlebach was also driving a 1716 from paper mill used.

Only remains of the grain mill next to the entrance to the outer bailey have been preserved. It was rebuilt from 1718 to 1721. In 1872 she received the door inscription “Credo in unam sanctam ecclesiam et papam infallibilem” from the strictly Catholic Müller, in which he professed the infallibility of the Pope after the First Vatican Council . Therefore the mill became known as the "infallibility mill". In the spring of 1945 it was destroyed in a bomb attack. The remains of the foundations and millstones are a reminder of the location.

Castle chapel

A lithograph from 1837/40 shows the Lüttinghof house with the castle chapel that was still preserved at the time.

The recognition of the furnishing ( endowment ) of a chapel by the lord of the castle Johann Stecke - dated November 23, 1379 - is documented for the first time by a castle chapel on Lüttinghof consecrated to St. It remains unclear whether it was a chapel room in the manor house or an independent building.

The construction work on the chapel around 1500 at today's location was therefore either the first construction or an extensive renovation of an existing chapel. The foundations had to be renewed in 1516. The brick building was 13.65 meters long and 8.75 meters wide. The 3/8 end of the choir was in the northeast. Seven two-lane pointed arched windows with late Gothic fish bubbles - tracery and the buttresses between them divided the chapel vertically.

Around 1670 the von Nesselrode family donated the altar, which replaced a lower one. Presumably the middle choir window was bricked up for its installation. The decoration of the altar showed both Renaissance and Baroque styles. The pews, the wall paneling and a tabernacle came from the same time . The choir screens came from the Castel Sant'Angelo Recklinghausen into the chapel.

The chapel was repaired several times between 1709 and 1717. The foundations were renewed, gables and roof beams repaired. The roof was re-covered with Moselle slate and the renovated masonry was newly plastered.

The gable wall in the southwest was changed in the first half of the 19th century. A lithograph from 1837/40 shows a square wooden roof turret with a steep tent tip. Later it was replaced by a bell gable reinforced with a cross and a cock.

The castle chapel then fell into disrepair until it had to be demolished in 1974 due to dilapidation. On the open lawn, their floor plan is drawn with stone slabs.

Garden area

At the beginning of the 18th century, an approximately 90 × 183 meter large Baroque ornamental garden was laid out northeast of the castle complex. It was only accessible via a bridge from the manor house and surrounded by moats. In 1705, a multi-part bowl fountain ( cascade ) with a four-pass overflow basin with a diameter of up to eight meters was set up in the middle of the garden . According to a contract of 1713, fourteen large sculptures were grouped around the fountain. Of these, seven sandstone statues about 2.10 meters high have survived. They represent gods of Greek and Roman mythology ( Artemis , Actaion , Bacchus , Flora , Pan , Heracles and a female deity, possibly Daphne, which cannot be determined more precisely because of severe decay ). There were also four smaller sculptures, twelve imperial busts on pedestals , four obelisks and four sundials in the garden. Like a kitchen garden with vegetable and herb beds and fruit trees in the south of the castle complex, it is no longer preserved today and is used as pastureland.

Owner story

middle Ages

The oldest documented mention of the Lüttinghof as castrum Luttekenhove dates from August 28, 1308. It is a deed between the Archbishop of Cologne, Heinrich II. And Dietrich von Flerke. The von Flerke family (also von Vlerike) owned a castle on the Lippe near Ahsen in the 13th century . This castle on the border of the Recklinghausen Vestes in Cologne was destroyed in 1287 in the course of a feud with the County of Mark by Eberhard I. von der Mark . Shortly before 1308, Dietrich von Flerke had a moated castle built in a lowland between Gelsenkirchen-Buer and Polsum. In 1322 his son Dietrich (II.) Von Lüttinghof took over the castle and called himself Dietrich von Luttekenhove from 1332, i.e. von Lüttinghof. He won political influence in Vest and was in 1352 bailiff in Recklinghausen and Dorsten . His son Dietrich (III.) Von Lüttinghof was lord of the castle from 1361, but died in 1376 without heirs.

His heir was the squire Johann Stecke from a family of the landed gentry from the Duchy of Kleve . His son Borchard II Stecke used the castle as a military base for his feuds. However, he had no male offspring with his wife Elisabeth de Grave.

Borchard II's daughter, Elisabeth Stecke, married Reiner von der Ruer in 1430. Their son Godert von der Ruer became lord of the Lüttinghof house in 1454. The so-called Kilians feud has been handed down from him: In the summer of 1465, when the Kilian fair was celebrated in Essen, Godert secretly drove 800 head of cattle from Essen pastures to Lüttinghof. In the ensuing feud , he let his farmers and riflemen from Recklinghausen take a position on Lüttinghof and defended the castle against the Essenes. His son Burchard von der Ruer was just as bellicose. As a snap-cock , he robbed passing trade travelers. Burchard was probably childless and dissolved the feudal relationship over the castle in 1513.

Early modern age

The Cologne elector Philipp II von Daun enfeoffed Reiner von Raesfeldt with the castle Lüttinghof. His grandson, like his son, was also called Reiner. He probably took over the castle in the middle of the 16th century. Reiner became governor in Vest Recklinghausen in 1586. During the Reformation he was the advocate of the Catholic Archbishop and Elector Ernst von Bayern , who was also a guest at Lüttinghof several times. In 1590, during the Eighty Years' War , Dutch Protestant soldiers occupied the house and took Reiner prisoner. This was followed by a siege of the castle and a subsequent battle with several hundred dead. But only after paying 8,000  Reichstalers did the Dutch release the facility again. The lord of the castle Reiner died after a year in Dutch captivity. His heir, Anna Clara von Raesfeld, married Johann Heinrich Hugo Huyn von Amstenrath around 1593 . In 1603 he received the castle from the elector as a fief. Johann ran into financial difficulties and in 1615 sold the property to Wilhelm von Nesselrode for 4,000 Reichstaler.

Wilhelm von Nesselrode was followed by his sons Bertram and Mathias as owners. Then Mathias' son, Johann Wilhelm von Nesselrode, ruled. He died childless as a canon in Münster in 1693 . His nephew, Mathias Johann Bertram Wilhelm von Nesselrode, took over the castle. He died in 1705, whereupon his widow Maria Louisa von Brabeck applied for the enfeoffment of their daughters Sebastiana Anna Charlotte Johanna and Maria Antoinetta Theresia Felicitas. In 1718 Sebastiana married the baron Johann Rudolf Benedikt von Twickel zu Havixbeck. In 1729 their son Clemens (I.) August von Twickel took over the Lüttinghof house.

To the present day

Coat of arms of the von Twickel family above the entrance

Before his death in 1792, Clemens (I) August probably transferred the castle to his son Clemens (II.) August Maria von Twickel, who was born in 1755. The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss ended the feudal rule of the Archbishops of Cologne in 1803, and the Lüttinghof house became the property of Clemens II von Twickel. He lived in the manor house until his death in 1841, and his descendants even until the 1890s. The von Twickel family coat of arms with a kettle hook as a motif still adorns the entrance of the manor house. A forester moved into it after this family. In the 1970s the castle served as a rest home for nuns.

In 1976, Clemens VI. from Twickel the moated castle to the city of Gelsenkirchen. The city transferred it in 1986 to the Westphalian-Lippische Vermögensverwaltungsgesellschaft of the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL). The LWL renovated the manor house and had the outer bailey demolished and a modern new building built in its place. The building was inaugurated on September 20, 1991 as the central restoration workshop for the museums of the Westphalian Museum Office, sponsored by the LWL. It was home to seven conservation and restoration workshops (wood and furniture, metal, sculptures, paintings, textiles, paper and leather, glass and ceramics), chemical laboratories, and facilities for photography and X-rays. Its administration was housed in the manor house. The restoration workshop was given up on January 1, 2004, and the premises have been used as offices since then and, since April 2005, as training rooms for the two Gelsenkirchen study seminars , which are now combined as a center for practical teacher training (ZfsL). A castle restaurant was operated in the manor house from 2005 to the end of 2010, and chamber concerts were also held here on a regular basis.

literature

  • Maria Anczykowski: House Lüttinghof. History of a moated castle in Gelsenkirchen. Ardey, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-87023-031-2 .
  • Heinz-Jürgen Bartel: To the construction planning - House Lüttinghof. In: Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (Hrsg.): From Westphalian museums . Münster 1988, ISSN  0178-3912 , pp. 42-47.
  • Wilhelm Breuer: Notes on the building history of the Lüttinghof house in Gelsenkirchen-Buer. In: Association for local and local history Gelsenkirchen-Buer (Hrsg.): Contributions to city history. Volume 13. Gelsenkirchen 1987, pp. 187-214.
  • Rudolf Brock: House Lüttinghof. In: Heimatbund Gelsenkirchen (Hrsg.): Castles and palaces in Gelsenkirchen. Gelsenkirchen 1960, pp. 95-100.
  • Johannes Körner (arrangement): District of Recklinghausen and city districts of Recklinghausen, Bottrop, Buer, Gladbeck and Osterfeld (= The architectural and art monuments of Westphalia . Volume 39). Unchanged reprint of the first edition. Hermes, Warburg 1995, ISBN 3-922032-79-6 , pp. 81 ff, 87-88, 100-106.
  • Cornelia Kneppe: Lüttinghof Castle . In: Kai Niederhöfer (Red.): Burgen AufRuhr. On the way to 100 castles, palaces and mansions in the Ruhr region. Klartext Verlag , Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0234-3 , pp. 214-217.
  • Julia Obladen-Kauder: Archaeological investigations on the grounds of Haus Lüttinghof. In: Association for local and local history Gelsenkirchen-Buer (Hrsg.): Contributions to city history. Volume 15. Gelsenkirchen 1989, pp. 257-285.
  • Julia Obladen-Kauder: Results of the archaeological investigations on the grounds of Haus Lüttinghof in Gelsenkirchen. In: Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (Ed.): Excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe. Volume 8. Mainz 1993, ISSN  0175-6133 , pp. 133-154.
  • Christian Scholz: No stirring in the wound . In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . Edition of August 25, 2008 (report on the occasion of the exhibition 700 Years Lüttinghof ; online ).
  • Gustav August Spürk: Lüttinghof Castle. In: Association for local and local history Gelsenkirchen-Buer (Hrsg.): Contributions to city history. Volume 8. Gelsenkirchen 1976.
  • Helmut Weigel: Material culture and the spiritual world on Lüttinghof house in the baroque era. The fireplace 1688 and an inventory list 1743. In: Association for local and local history Gelsenkirchen-Buer (Hrsg.): Contributions to the history of the city. Volume 17. Gelsenkirchen 1992, pp. 5-77.

Web links

Commons : Haus Lüttinghof  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lüttinghof Castle on the website of the city of Gelsenkirchen ( Memento from July 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on May 2, 2017.
  2. ↑ a b C. Kneppe: Lüttinghof Castle. 2010, p. 214.
  3. ↑ a b W. Breuer: Notes on the building history of the Lüttinghof house in Gelsenkirchen-Buer. 1987, p. 188.
  4. ↑ a b R. Brock: House Lüttinghof. 1960, pp. 96-97.
  5. ↑ a b W. Breuer: Notes on the building history of the Lüttinghof house in Gelsenkirchen-Buer. 1987, p. 190.
  6. ^ W. Breuer: Notes on the building history of the Lüttinghof house in Gelsenkirchen-Buer. 1987, pp. 189-199.
  7. ^ W. Breuer: Notes on the building history of the Lüttinghof house in Gelsenkirchen-Buer. 1987, p. 192.
  8. ^ W. Breuer: Notes on the building history of the Lüttinghof house in Gelsenkirchen-Buer. 1987, p. 193.
  9. ^ Ministry for Building and Housing of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (ed.): Award of exemplary buildings in North Rhine-Westphalia . Düsseldorf 1995.
  10. ^ Karl Emerich Krämer : House Lüttinghof. In: Castle tour through the Münsterland . Wolfgang Schwarze, Düsseldorf 1975, pp. 122–123.
  11. ↑ Konrad Morsey: Learn more beautifully. Gelsenkirchen study seminars moved to the moated castle. In: District government Münster (Ed.): Jahresblick 2005. Münster 2005, p. 60 ( PDF; 6.7 MB ( Memento from April 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive )).
  12. ^ Wolfgang Laufs: Leaseholder wanted for Wasserburg Haus Lüttinghof in Gelsenkirchen . In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. ( online ).