List of landforms

A structured list of commonly used land forms , as a comprehensive collection of examples for the article.

Landform by geometry: Terrain shape

level

level

• Plain , flat land , plateau , plain , terrace (geology) , lowland , heel
• Embankment , slope, steep slope , flank, rock wall , ledge, slab, roof

move

Gutter

move

• Mountain , ridge , ridge, ridge , ridge , spine , threshold (geomorphology) , ground wave, ripple
• Ground level , termination wall, steep step, terrain edge cliff (geomorphology) , Berg shoulder , nose, rib
• (Earth) wall, (rubble) cone, (rubble) dump

Trough (stretched)

• Valley , valley , side valley , Kerbtal (V valley), Trogtal (U valley), Längstal , Quertal
• Gully, valley furrow , (rock) crevice (geology) , chasm (geology) , ditch, cut, lane

Knoll

boiler

Knoll

• Mountains Hochland (with slopes), mountain , hill , table mountain , island mountain , cone mountain
• Point, mountain peak , rock spur , rock tower, rock pillar, knoll
• Protrusion, heap, rock head, crags

boiler

• Basin (geomorphology) , basin , cirque (valley shape) , sink (geomorphology) sink (geosciences) (hollow, not geologically meant, i.e. not stretched), niche, pit, depression, hole
• Head of the valley , cave

saddle

saddle

• Mountain saddle , mountain pass , notch (geography) , ridge notch, notch, yoke , narrow point

Other geometric shapes

• Mountain foot, base, block

Land form according to origin and location

Volcanogenic forms

• Volcano , volcanic cone , caldera (collapse crater)
• Geyser , crater lake , lava columns , spring dome , volcanic vent , mud pot , fumarole

Tectonic forms

• Rift valley , stratified landscape , fault , mud volcano

Gravitational forms

• Talus (rubble dump), demolition niche of a slide , slide slope , plaike

Periglacial forms

• Frost pattern floor

Glacial forms

Land forms of a glacier (after glaciation)

• Glacier mill , crevasse , glacier tongue , ice shelf , glacier gate , moraine , edge gap
• Trogtal , glacial valley , fjord , Karsee
• Ground moraine landscape , drumlin , round humps , glacier pot , glacial channel , tote ice hole , Söll (pond) , Sanderebene , Kame , Oser

Fluvial forms

Landforms on a river

• Kerbtal , Sohlental, Kastental, Muldental , river terrace
• Gorge , ravine , gorge , ravine , canyon , water gap , Wadi
• Meander (meanders) , slip face , undercut slope , Umlaufberg
• Estuary , alluvial fan , river delta , estuary , estuary , Liman
• Gravel bank , sand bank , sedimentary basin (also marine, limnic, ..)
• Stream , river , stream , waterfall , spring

Marine and Limnic Forms

Landforms by the sea

• Peninsula , island , isthmus (land bridge), bay , cliff , sandbar
• Beach , rinsing line

Marine forms

• Cliff coast , coral reef , surf cave , marshland , mudflats (coast)
• Fixed ice , pack ice
• Spit (Horn), Tombolo (sand-land bridge)
• Sea , lagoon

Limnic forms

• Wetland , floodplain , quarry forest , wet meadow , bog , reed , swamp , swamp ditch
• Salt lake , Sabcha , salt flats , salt desert
• Lake , pond , water hole, oasis

Aeolian forms

• Dune , stone pavement

Karst forms

• Cart (gutter) , karst cave , sinkhole , also gypsum cave

Other exogenous forms

• Rocking stone

Artificial forms

• Quarry , dam (wall) , dike , canal (hydraulic engineering) , heaped mountain , polder (artificially drained)

Cosmogenic forms

• Meteorite crater

Web links

• IOF control descriptions , guidelines for orienteering maps etc. a. of the IOF rules commission and Swiss Orienteering commissions for training and competitions, accessed in 2014