Navenby

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Navenby
Navenby
Overview
Overview
Coordinates 53 ° 7 ′  N , 0 ° 31 ′  W Coordinates: 53 ° 7 ′  N , 0 ° 31 ′  W
OS National Grid SK987580
Navenby (England)
Navenby
Navenby
Residents 1666 (as of 2001)
administration
Post town Lincoln
prefix 01522
Part of the country England
region East Midlands
Metropolitan county Lincolnshire
District North Kesteven

Navenby is a civil parish in Lincolnshire , England . The satellite town is 14 km south of Lincoln , 14 km north-northwest of Sleaford in the administrative district of North Kesteven and has 1666 inhabitants.

A Bronze Age cemetery and the remains of an Iron Age settlement were discovered in the village . Historians believe Navenby was an important location on Roman Ermine Street as the Romans, reportedly, maintained a small camp in the village. In the 11th century Navenby received a royal charter from Edward the Confessor and thereby became a minor town . The Royal Charter was later by Wilhelm II , Eduard III. and Richard II renewed. When the market was no longer in use in the 19th century, Navenby became a village again. Nowadays it mainly serves as Lincoln's satellite town.

Originally Navenby as part of was wapentakes Boothby Graffoe managed. It wasn't until the early 17th century that Navenby began to rule itself. Navenby now has its own Parish Council that takes care of local affairs.

The Civil Parish Navenby is a rural area that covers more than 8.5 km². It spans Ermine Street, a Roman road built between AD 45 and 75 and running between London and York . The Viking Way , a 237 km long distance footpath between the Humber Bridge in North Lincolnshire and Oakham in Rutland , also runs through the village. The Vikings were a major influence on Lincolnshire in the 9th and 10th centuries, which may result in a. This reflects the fact that many names end in -by , such as Navenby. Names with -by stood for semi-farms or villages .

Navenby's residents work primarily in the service sector in the nearby town of Lincoln. Low house prices ensure that the majority of people live in their own home, which is not least due to the low unemployment rate . For this, Navenby's residents have to take a relatively long commute to work, an average of over 20 km.

Navenby's center is a listed area. Many of the stone and brick houses are several hundred years old and some are even listed buildings . Special buildings in the village include Mrs Smith's Cottage, a brick hut from the 19th century, and St Peter's Church, which was probably built in the 13th century.

A road and a bus route are the only ways to get to Navenby. The A607 and the A15 both lead to the village; There are buses to and from Lincoln and Grantham every 30 minutes.

In Navenby itself there is only one elementary school, secondary schools are in the surrounding towns. Lincoln offers the University of Lincoln and the Bishop Grosseteste University College .

Only a few of the formerly many restaurants are still managed. The regional dish is Haslet, a seasoned meatloaf made from pork offal. It is said that some streets in Navenby are cursed because people were previously hanged there.

The supply of Navenby by the public service is carried out from the surrounding towns. The responsible police stations are in Lincoln, Sleaford and Grantham; the fire stations in Lincoln and Grantham. Larger hospitals can also be found in Lincoln and Grantham.

Sports are run by a bowling club and a football club in Navenby. The next largest professional football team is based in Lincoln. There is also a club in Navenby that aims to explain Navenby's historical past.

history

Early history

Archaeological excavations around Navenby suggest that the site has been around since the Bronze Age , around 600 BC. BC, is inhabited. Iron Age farm remains have been found on Chapel Lane . This excavation site is now protected by the regional government as a conservation area. and is supported by the Navenby Archeology Group.

The current state of Ermine Street in Navenby
The remnants of Navenby's market cross

Many Roman artifacts have been found, including parts of shops and houses that faced Ermine Street, where Roman legions marched to and from the legionary fortress at Lincoln . Lincoln was very important at the time and probably the capital of the Roman province of Flavia Caesariensis . There is evidence that Navenby was an important base along Ermine Street. It is said that the Romans maintained a small camp in the village, and a Romano-British temple and burial sites may have been uncovered.

Anglo-Saxon- era corpses burned have been discovered near the intersection of High Dyke and Chapel Lane . Remnants from the late Anglo-Saxon period have also been found under and around St Peter's Church. This suggests that by the Anglo-Saxon Age, the Roman village had moved from Ermine Street to Church Lane and North Lane.

Navenby's Anglo-Saxon name is unknown. The current name is derived from the Old Norse Nafni + by , which means "farm or village of a man named Nafni". In the Domesday Book of 1086, Navenby appears as Navenbi and Navenebi.

middle Ages

Navenby was originally an agricultural village and became a minor town when it received a royal charter from Edward the Confessor in the 11th century . This was later by Wilhelm II, Eduard III. and Richard II renewed.

The wide main street, on which farmers once drove their sheep to the market, is still a reminder of its former status as a minority town. There used to be a market square in the city center, which was marked by a cross in honor of Queen Eleanore . The square no longer exists and the cross is just a ruin.

Documents of Navenby as a Parish began in 1681, although the records of the bishops date back to 1562. The documents show that the village organized a series of annual festivals: a market festival on October 17, were traded on the livestock, a party on the Thursday before Easter and a job festival on the first of May , investigated in which the slaves gathered and after work.

The records also show that part of the Parish Navenby was fenced in in 1772 . A workhouse for the poor was built, although the building was later used for other purposes. In 1811 a Sick Society was formed and in 1816 a Parish school was built next to St Peter's Church. As a result of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, Navenby became a member of the Lincoln Poor Law Union .

19th century

Methodist Church in Navenby

When the market closed at the beginning of the 19th century, Navenby lost its minority status and became an agricultural village again. The Penny Cyclopaedia from 1839 (edited by The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge ) describes the village as follows:

“Navenby is in Harde Boothby Graffoe, parts of Kesteven, on the Grantham to Lincoln road, 200 km from London.

The church is built partly in the style of early English and partly in the style of late Gothic English architecture. The pulpit windows are the finest pieces of decoration, especially the east window, the jamb and dimensions of which are remarkably graceful.

In 1833 there were two girls' schools with 18 children, two day schools with 25 children and a day and Sunday school with 109 children during the week and 166 on Sunday. "

Many buildings in Navenby were constructed during the 19th century, including a small Wesleyan Methodist chapel in 1830, which was completely rebuilt in 1840. In 1852 an abstinence hall was built, which was later used as a second base by the Wesleyan reformers.

In 1844 the Navenby Volunteer Fire Brigade was formed, consisting of five men and a manual pump. The Provincial Gas Light and Coke Company supplied gas for street lighting in the village from 1857, and in 1867 a station was built 1.2 km west of the village on the section of the Great Northern Railway between Lincoln and Grantham.

As of 1871, the Dean and Local Chapter of Lincoln was the largest landowner and Lord of the Manor of Navenby. In 2005 a witch bottle was found in the foundations of a farm in Navenby, believed to date from around 1830. The bottle contained needles, human hair, and urine and was meant to protect the house from evil curses.

History in the modern age

Navenby was an agricultural village at the beginning of the 20th century, but the outbreak of World War I brought changes to the village community. In November 1917, a small airfield , Wellingore Heath, was opened near Navenby to serve as the base for the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service . The flat landscape with its location on top of the cliffs turns out to be an ideal location for flight operations.

The witch bottle from Navenby

TE Lawrence , known as Lawrence of Arabia , was stationed at RAF Cranwell shortly after the war in 1926, where he wrote a revised version of his book The Seven Pillars of Wisdom . He mentioned Navenby in a letter to a friend at the time: “I'm too shy to look for dirt. So I can't go to Lincoln or Navenby brothels with my comrades. They think it's because I'm superior: proud or weird or 'posh', as they say: and it's because I don't know what to do, how to behave, where to stop should. Fear again: fear everywhere. "

Wellingore airfield was closed after the end of the war, but reopened in 1935 and its facilities were expanded in the winter of 1939-40. Until then he was known as RAF Wellingore. Group Captain Douglas Bader and Wing Commander Guy Gibson , both regular visitors to Navenby, were stationed there. The base served as an alternative landing site for RAF Cranwell from April 1944 until its final closure in 1945. After that, it was used as a camp for prisoners of war from Germany and the Ukraine . The prisoners were often forced to work in the surrounding fields.

Navenby lost many men in the two world wars. The war memorial, a rough-worked Celtic cross made of stone on a three-tiered base, is in the church garden of St Peter's. It was manufactured by Messrs G Maile & Son Ltd for £ 200 and inaugurated in April 1921. The names of the 22 victims of the First World War and the 8 of the Second World War are engraved on it.

After an initial decline in Navenby's population at the beginning of the 20th century, the numbers rose sharply after the war. This increase can be seen, among other things, in the 35 houses that were built between the end of the First World War and the 1950s, as well as in other construction projects from the 1970s. After the war, the dependence on agriculture was reduced. Although Navenby continues to be surrounded by farms, it is mostly a satellite town of Lincoln, Grantham, and others these days . The figures from 2001 show that of 1666 residents, almost 600 commute to work every day.

administration

The Parish Navenby was originally part of the higher range of the wapentakes Boothby Graffoe in the district of North Kesteven in Lincolnshire County. The term Wapentake comes from the Vikings and describes a collection of Parishs. It originally meant "show your weapon"; What was meant by this was that anyone who supported a proposal should raise their swords or axes as a sign of approval.

and display information about the image
Fields and train station near Navenby, view from the top of Lincoln Cliff on Clint Lane in Navenby towards Trent valley

In his book, The History of County Lincoln , Thomas Allen wrote in 1834:

“The Wapentake Boothby Graffoe is bounded in the north by the Wapentake Lawress , in the east by the Wapentakes Lincoln Liberty and Langoe , in the south by the Wapentake Loveden and in the west by Nottinghamshire. It is divided into high and low areas. A Roman road runs through this Wapentake from Lincoln to Brough, a village just outside the county. The high area of ​​the Boothby Graffoe wapentake includes the villages of Boothby, Coleby, Harmston, Navenby, Skinnard, Swinethorpe, Welbourn and Wellingore. Navenby is a former minority town. "

Navenby was classified as an ancient Parish from the eleventh to the nineteenth centuries, as it came "under the jurisdiction of a clergyman" and existed before 1597. Ancient records show that the Manor of Navenby was given to the Dean and the Lincoln Town Council in 1292. The money raised by renting the land was used by Roger de Newton, first resident of the Choir Chapel in Harby , to maintain the building. This happened after Queen Eleanor , wife of Edward I , died while visiting Lincoln. Eleanor died in de Newton's villa in November 1290 and the chapel was built in her honor.

As a result of the dissolution of the English monasteries and the Tudor Poor Law Acts of 1601, the Parish began to take on civil and spiritual duties. The spiritual Parish Navenby was originally part of the Longoboby Rural Deanery , but was moved to the Graffoe Rural Deanery in 1968 and is still part of the Diocese of Lincoln . Navenby officially became a Civil Parish in the 19th century and joined the Lincoln Poor Law Union in 1834 . The parish was u. a. Part of the Lincoln Rural Sanitary District . The boundaries of Civil Parish Navenby were adjusted in 1931 to include the nearby Civil Parish Skinnand.

Due to the Local Government Act 1888 , Navenby was ruled by the Branston Rural District Council from 1894 to 1931 . Thereafter, the village fell under the control of North Kesteven Rural District Council from 1931 to 1974 , after the Local Government Act 1972 amalgamated the districts of Holland , Kesteven and a large part of Lindsey to form Shire County Lincolnshire. Navenby is still part of the North Kesteven area.

Before the Reform Act of 1832 , Lincolnshire had twelve MPs, two for the county, two for the city of Lincoln and two for the suburbs of Boston , Grantham , Great Grimsby and Stamford . Because of the law, Lincolnshire's constituencies were adjusted and Navenby became part of the South Division Parliamentary District for Lincolnshire . Two Whig Party candidates , Henry Handley and Gilbert John Heathcote, won first choice. The village remained part of the South Division until it was transferred to the Mid Division in 1867. In 1885 it joined the North Kesteven Division and became part of the Grantham Division until 1974 in 1918.

Navenby now has its own Parish Council, which deals with matters such as the upgrading of playgrounds and the protection of places of public interest. The council is based on High Street in Navenby. The chairman is Steve Woollas and the vice-chairman is Margaret Lyon (as of 2008). The second instance of Navenby's regional government is the conservative-controlled North Kesteven District Council , which deals with housing problems and public health care. The council is based on Kesteven Street in Sleaford . Navenby is represented on the District Council by two council members, Marianne Jane Overton (Independent) and Michael David Wylie (formerly Independent, now Conservative). They were elected in May 2007.

Conservative-controlled Lincolnshire County Council is the supreme body of Navenby's regional government. It is responsible for highways, places of special interest and schools. Its headquarters are in the County Offices in Newland, Lincoln. Navenby has a representative on that council, Marianne Jane Overton. At the government level, Navenby is represented by Right Honorable Douglas Hogg QC , Conservative MP for Sleaford and North Hykeham constituency . He is a former Secretary of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and his constituency office is in Sleaford.

Navenby falls in the East Midlands constituency for the European Parliament . This is represented by six politicians, including the former Conservative, now Liberal Democrat Bill Newton Dunn . Newton Dunn lives in Navenby; at the European level, he is Vice-Chairman for External Affairs, Human Rights and the Common Security and Defense Policy Committee. In the 1980s, Newton Dunn coined the widely used expression " democratic deficit ".

geography

topography

Civil Parish Navenby contains the old Roman road, Ermine Street , known locally as the High Dyke. The road runs between the neighboring villages of Boothby Graffoe and Wellingore and opens up more than 8.5 km². The Viking Way , a 150 mile footpath between Humber Bridge in North Lincolnshire and Oakham in Rutland , also runs through the village.

Located at 53 ° 7 '  N , 0 ° 31'  W, Navenby is known as Lincolnshire Cliff Village because it sits on a ridge called the Lincoln Edge or Lincoln Cliff . The little cliff is one of only a few hills in Lincolnshire. Navenby is 14 km south of Lincoln and 14.3 km north-northwest of Sleaford. Because of its location it has warm summers and dry cold winters.

During the Ice Age , the region around Navenby was predominantly covered with ice sheets, which influenced the topography and the nature of the soil. Much of Lincolnshire is low, in some places below sea level, but Navenby's location on top of a cliff means that it is an average of 69  m , so the Witham river valley can be seen clearly from Navenby.

The Parish Navenby is elongated in an east-west direction. It extends to Lincoln Heath in the east and the Brant River in the west. The size of the parish has changed over the past two centuries. In 1821 it was 8.5 km², in 1951 it was 13.45 km².

Apartments, streets and nearby places

Dial House in Navenby, Category II listed building
Clint Lane in Navenby, Category II Listed Building

Although house prices in Navenby have always been below the national average, they have risen sharply in recent years. According to the Land Registry, the average house price rose 8.2% to £ 163,186 in 2004; In 1999 it was £ 60,000. In the area around Navenby - North Kesteven - houses are still pretty cheap. Therefore 77% of the houses are inhabited by the owner - this is more than the national and regional average. The price increases in recent years have made houses increasingly inaccessible for people with average incomes. A 2004 housing needs study by Fordham Associates on behalf of North Kesteven District Council found that 460 “affordable homes” would need to be built annually in Navenby and the surrounding villages over the next five years.

Well-known houses in Navenby include Dial House ( Listed Building Category II), which has a priest's hole , and the Old Parish on North Lane, built from rubble stone in 1859 by London architect H A Darbyshire.

Many street names in Navenby are reminiscent of the village's past. For example, today's Clint Lane was formerly called Watery Lane, which is probably due to the multitude of fountains that were on this street. The only place along Clint Lane that can still be described as “watery” today is a duck pond. The buildings along the street are an eclectic mix of 18th century houses, Victorian possessions, Category II listed buildings, and 20th century apartments.

Gas Lane, which is next to Clint Lane, was originally called Meg's Lane. It was renamed Gas Lane after The Provincial Gas Light and Coke Company opened a seat there in 1857. The company later became the Navenby and Wellingore Gas Light and Coke Company. Although the gas company has long been gone, the street name has survived to the present.

Today's Church Lane was formerly called Church Street. The street was named after the village church of St Peter's, which is located here together with a former village school (now a private house). The school was built in 1816 through membership fees and bears the inscription "The Benefit Society 1821".

Haddington , North Hykeham , Aubourn , Saxilby Boothby Graffoe , Coleby , Harmston , Waddington , Bracebridge Heath , Lincoln Blankney , Metheringham , Branston
Skinnand , Bassingham , Norton Disney , Newark-on-Trent Neighboring communities Scopwick , Coningsby , Woodhall Spa , Tattershall
Brant Broughton , Welbourn , Leadenham Wellingore , Temple Bruer , Grantham Digby , Ashby de la Launde , Ruskington

climate

According to the Köppen climate classification , the British Isles have a maritime climate that is characterized by relatively cool summers and mild winters. Compared to other parts of the country, Lincolnshire - and Navenby - are slightly warmer and sunnier in summer and colder in winter. It is one of the driest places to live in the United Kingdom due to Navenby's inland location, far from the rainfall of most of the Atlantic low pressure areas. Navenby has an average of less than 600 mm of rain per year. The annual mean daily sunshine in Navenby is four hours and twelve minutes. Last but not least, the absence of any elevations probably contributes to the fact that this area is one of the sunniest parts of the British Isles.

Demographics

2001 census Navenby North Kesteven England
Total population 1,666 94.024 49.138.831
Lengthy illness 19.2% 17.8% 18.2%
Unemployed 2.4% 2.4% 3.4%
75 years and older 11.4% 8.3% 7.6%
Average age 43.6 40.8 38.6
White skin color 98.9% 98.9% 90.9%
Christians 85.2% 82.4% 71.8%
Married or remarried 64.0% 61.4% 50.9%
Good health 68.7% 69.6% 68.6%
Living alone 24.5% 24.8% 30.0%
Properties inhabited by owners 83.7% 77.1% 68.9%
Academic degree or higher degree 21% 16.2% 19.8%
Free help recipient 10.3% 10.2% 10.0%
Two or more cars 38.6% 36.3% 29.4%

The 2001 UK census found Navenby had 861 households and 1,666 residents. Of these, 792 were men and 874 were women. This has resulted in an increase in the number of residents of over 70% in the last 30 years, which is mainly due to ongoing house construction projects.

The census also showed that there were only three secondary houses in the village, but many residents commute to work every day. The majority of the houses are inhabited by the owner and just over 100 are rented from the local government or private landowners. Many of the houses (over 500) are detached, there are an average of 6.03 rooms per house and the average number of people per household is 2.31.

There are few ethnic groups in Navenby. The statistics from 2001 put 703 households (out of 707 respondents) with white skin color. Of these 707, 104 were pensioners living alone, 176 were couples without children, 27 were single parents and 153 were couples with non-adult children. 343 households had at least one vehicle. The rate of illness is surprisingly high; 237 households have one or more residents with a long-term illness. Overall, 82% describe themselves as Christians.

Most of Navenby's residents are between 25 and 44 years old; In 2001 there were 451 people in this area. The age groups from 45 to 64 years (422 people) and 5 to 15 years (221 people) follow closely behind. The minority are children under 4 (69 people) and teenagers between 16 and 24 (115 people). Almost 200 people (190) in Navenby were older than 75. The mean age of Navenby's population is 43.48 years and the mean age is 43.50 years. In 1851 136 out of 1,000 babies died in their first year of life. That number fell to 107 per 1000 in 1911 and to three per 1000 in 2001.

Navenby has a low unemployment rate, but most of the residents work outside the village. Almost 600 people commute each day, with an average distance of 20.18 km. The 2001 census found that of 1,186 respondents aged 16 to 74 years old, 722 were employed, with men working an average of 44.79 hours and women 31.23 hours per week. The service industry was the largest sector of the regional economy. It employed 67% of all workers, with 48% working in agriculture in 1841. Manufacturing work was done by 178 people in 2001, while 565 were in the service industry. Of these workers, 371 were classified as managers and professionals. In 1841 only 16.6% of male blue-collar workers had middle-class jobs, but by 2001 that number had risen to 47.9%.

In 2001, 591 people had low or no qualifications, while 328 people had a diploma, degree or similar. In contrast, in 1851 53% of children between the ages of 5 and 14 went to school, while today 58% of children between the ages of 16 and 17 attend school.

year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1851 1871 1901 1911 1921 1951 1971 2001
population 479 542 625 778 1.057 1,000 779 796 824 851 938 1.666
Development of the population of Navenby
Source:

Economy and media

Navenby was originally an agricultural village where most of the people lived off tilling their own land or traded their goods at the market. Statistics show that in 1841 48% of all villagers worked in agriculture, but today the majority of the villagers, 67%, are employed in the service industry and most commute to work outside of Navenby. There is work to be found in Navenby too, especially on the packed High Street. In the village there is a doctor's practice, a housing association and a facility for assisted living.

Nearby Lincoln has a wider variety of work options. The economy there consists mainly of public administration , trade , agriculture and tourism . In recent years, Lincoln has expanded its retail sector significantly to keep up with neighboring cities of Nottingham and Sheffield .

The regional newspaper for Navenby is the Lincolnshire Echo , which contains news, sports reports and job advertisements. The local radio station for the village is BBC Radio Lincolnshire which broadcasts on 94.9 FM and Lincs FM on 102.2 FM. The newest station is Siren FM , a community radio station that broadcasts on 107.3 FM from Lincoln University .

Well-known buildings

Navenby's center is a listed area; many of the stone and brick houses are hundreds of years old. Over 20 properties, including the 1935 red phone booth on High Street, are listed buildings .

Mrs. Smith's Cottage

Mrs. Smith. Below left is her hut and above it the Methodist Church in Navenby to which she belonged.

Mrs. Smith's Cottage is a Class II listed building from the mid-19th century. It is built with red bricks from the early Victorian era . The iron stove, the heart of the house, was used for cooking and heating until the mid-1990s. The bedrooms can only be reached via a ladder. Power lines were laid in the 1930s. The other visible modern installations are limited to a cold water tap - installed in the late 1970s to prevent the regional government from declaring the hut ready for demolition - and a toilet in the house. The outhouse and outdoor washhouse are still there.

The hut is named after its last resident, Mrs. Hilda Smith, who lived here until her death in 1995 at the age of 102. When she died, residents started a campaign to ensure that the cabin would be preserved as a special feature of Navenby.

The hut has been a museum since 2000 after it was officially declared one. It is open most of the year and is run by volunteers. The old pigsty and storage shed were demolished because of their irreparable condition and the bricks were used to build a visitor center with exhibitions about Navenby and the surrounding area.

St Peter's Church

Navenby Church, a Category I Listed Building, is dedicated to Simon Petrus . Although the records of the parish date back to 1681 and those of the bishops to 1562, it is difficult to date the building as it is a mix of many different styles. The building probably dates from the 13th century.

St Peter's Church 2006

St Peter's Church has three parts; one of these is the west tower from the mid-19th century, which replaced its predecessor in 1859-60 after it collapsed. The upper storey is decorated with four-pass shields and lets in light through closely spaced three-part windows. The high ornate chancel has very large windows. The side windows have a net-like division. The large east window was partially rebuilt in 1875–76.

The Sedilien and Piscina are believed to date from the time of William de Herleston, who was pastor in St Peter's Church from 1325 to 1329. He was Chancellor Eduard Is and later became Canon of Llandaff. The founder's grave, which was laid out in a slightly different style, is probably that of its predecessor, John de Fenton, who was pastor until 1832. The baptismal font is a lavish Victorian artifact designed by Charles Kirk Junior and presented at the 1862 World's Fair in London. The pulpit dates from the time of James II and the rood screen from 1910. The Royal Arms are signed “Thomas Hunton from Lincoln. Painter 1710. ”There is a tombstone from the 13th century that reads in Norman :“ Pray for Richard de Lue ”( Louth ).

The church has an Easter burial chamber. The engraving is considered to be one of the finest Lincolnshires, if not the whole country, and is featured in almost every book on churches and their architecture. The churchyard is managed as a nature reserve.

In 1982 church administrators threatened to close the church after being banned from selling silver jewelry to fund urgent repairs. The archdeacon, Venerable Michael Adie, decided that such business was against Church policy and that funds must be raised in the area.

Public transport

The village of Navenby is at the east end of Parish Navenby and is best reached by car. The A607 trunk road runs right through the village. Navenby can also be reached from the A15, which passes the end of Green Man Lane and connects Lincoln to Sleaford. RoadGhosts.com website claims it is one of the most cursed streets in the UK.

Navenby once had its own train station, built in 1867 on the Great Northern Railway between Lincoln and Grantham . In 1962 he fell victim to the government's plans to dismantle after the Second World War, when attempts were made to modernize the railway and make it profitable again. Between 1948 and 1962 approximately 5,340 km of rails were decommissioned, including a. Navenby train station. Nowadays Lincoln, Sleaford, Grantham and Newark North Gate stations are the closest to Navenby. Grantham and Newark are part of the high-speed link between London and Scotland, the East Coast Main Line .

There are few bus routes to and from Navenby. The main bus route, Line 1, is operated by the Stagecoach Group . Buses run from Lincoln via Navenby to Grantham along the A607 every 30 minutes, every day from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., except Sundays. The line is also served in the opposite direction, from Grantham to Lincoln via Navenby. Hodson's Coaches in Navenby operates a bus that goes to Lincoln on Sundays.

education

Navenby has its own village school, the Navenby Church of England Primary School. This is a volunteer school for children ages 4-11. There are a few secondary schools for older students nearby, but none are in the village itself. Lincolnshire County Council allows parents to choose which school their child should go to, rather than dividing children among schools by commuting area. The closest school to Navenby is Sir William Robertson High School in Welbourn . This is a comprehensive school for boys and girls named after Field Marshal William Robertson , who was born in Welbourn and served in World War I.

The old school on Church Lane

Other secondary schools nearby (10 miles radius) include Branston Community College , and two high schools in nearby Sleaford - Carre's Grammar School for boys and Kesteven and Sleaford High School for girls. There are also private schools in Lincoln.

Lincoln has two higher education institutions, the older of which is Bishop Grosseteste University College . It was founded in 1862 as a teacher training facility and is affiliated with the Anglican community . In the 1990s the college expanded to focus on arts and theater. The larger University of Lincoln started out as the University of Lincolnshire and Humberside in 1996 when the University of Humberside opened a campus in Lincoln next to Lake Brayford Pool . Lincoln Art College and Riseholme Agricultural College, which were previously part of De Montfort University in Leicester , were integrated into the university in 2001. In 2002 the name was changed to University of Lincoln. In the 2005/6 academic year, 8,292 students were enrolled at the university.

Many local secondary schools offer upper grades and advanced courses for students over 16. Something similar is offered by Lincoln College , the largest educational institution in Lincolnshire with 18,500 students.

Culture

Navenby used to have several public houses, but The Butcher's Arms and The Green Man Inn have been private homes for some time. Currently there are only The King's Head and The Lion and Royal left.

The 18th Century Category II Listed Building called King's Head is believed to be the oldest eatery in the village; the nearby Lion and Royal dates back to 1824 and is also a Category II Listed Building. Presumably it was only called The Lion at the opening, and Royal was added later in honor of a special guest. Above the front door is a large emblem adorned with the feathers of the Prince of Wales. It was installed after the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII) visited the place, albeit briefly, in 1870.

The former Green Man Inn at the junction of Green Man Lane and the A15 used to be a stop for travelers and possibly once a courthouse. In 1741 the Lincoln Club was founded here, which served the "upper class Lincolnshires". Francis Dashwood , founder of the infamous Hellfire Club , was a member here, as was Lord Monson from Burton and Lord Robert Manners from Bloxholm.

Lincolnshire has some locally popular foods, including stuffed backbone and haslet, a flavored meatloaf made from pork offal. Navenby is also home to defending champions in many food competitions. Navenby's baker Pete Welbourne was named Britain's Baker of the Year 2004 for his Lincolnshire plum bread recipe, and Olding Bros' slaughterhouse competed several times in an annual competition for the best Lincolnshire pork sausage.

It is rumored that Navenby is part of the Temple Bruer pentagram . The pentagram includes the nearby towns of Temple Bruer - which has strong ties to the Knights Templar in the 12th century - as well as Wellingore and Harmston . It looks like the center of the sign is at the sewage treatment plant west of Navenby. The pentagram is associated with magic and is often claimed to have protected witches. However, it also has links to Christianity, the Freemasons and the Knights Templar, who used the pentagram as a symbol of infinity, connectedness and unity.

The village can be reached via the A607 highway and also via the "cursed" A15, which passes at the end of Green Man Lane. According to a local story, there was once a tree used for hanging at the junction of the two streets and those hanged there still haunt the area.

The Scottish singer Barbara Dickson ( OBE ) lived briefly in Navenby in the 1970s. She appeared in the 1982 musical Blood Brothers by Willy Russel and sang a duet with Elaine Paige on the album for the musical Chess . Another well-known person from Navenby is Fenella Stoner, an artist who has exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts and often paints pictures of the village and her garden.

Public facilities

Telephone box in Navenby, Category II listed building

Navenby is supplied with water by Anglian Water and has a sewage treatment plant west of the village.

Health care is provided by the United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust and a doctor's office on North Lane in Navenby. The closest hospital is Lincoln County Hospital on Greetwell Road in Lincoln, 14 km north of Navenby. Second closest is Grantham and District Hospital on Manthorpe Road in Grantham. The nearest dentists are also in Lincoln or Grantham. The East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust operates ambulances in the Navenby area and the village is served by The Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire Air Ambulance , which is based at the Royal Air Force Waddington on the outskirts of the village of Waddington .

Other emergency services are provided by Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue, whose nearest fire stations are in Lincoln and Grantham, and the Lincolnshire Police Force. The nearest police stations are in Lincoln, Sleaford and Grantham.

sport and freetime

Navenby has a bowling club, the Navenby Bowls Club, with around 50 members. The bowling season runs from May to August and club members participate in three bowling leagues: Division 3 of the Cliff Bowls League, Section C of the City Evening League, and Division 3 of the Lincoln and District League. At least three evening games are held each week during the season.

Navenby Juniors FC logo

Navenby also has several children's football teams operating under Navenby Juniors FC. The teams play in the Under-12, Under-11, Under-10, Under-9, and Under-8 divisions of the Grantham Youth Football League. The Under-10 team were 2006-07 League Champions and the Under-11 team were the 2006-07 Fair Play League Winners.

Nearby Lincoln has a professional football team called Lincoln City FC called "The Imps" that plays at Sincil Bank Stadium. Tracey Duxbury from Navenby is a member of the Lady Imps team, the Lincoln women's football team. Since 2006 she has been among the youngest holders of a UEFA B coach license.

Among other things, the Navenby Archeology Group exists in Navenby, which aims to research the historical past of the village. There is also the Women's Institute , which celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2007, and the Artists of Navenby, a group of 40 artists.

literature

  • Thomas Allen: The History of the County of Lincoln 1834.
  • Neil Burgess: Lincolnshire's Lost Railways . Stenlake Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84033-407-4 .
  • Barry C. Burnham: Roman Britain in 2001 2001, ISBN 0-520-07303-7 .
  • Edward G. Campion: Lincolnshire Dialects . Richard Kay Publications, 1976, ISBN 0-902662-31-7 .
  • AD Mills: A Dictionary of English Place-Names . Oxford University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-19-280074-4 .

Web links

Commons : Navenby  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b George Bradshaw: Bradshaw's Shilling handbook. Bradshaw's Illustrated Tourists . Self published, 1858, p. 102.
  2. ^ A b Center for Metropolitan History: Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516: Lincolnshire / Navenby . 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
  3. ↑ BBC: Ermine Street, A Journey through Roman Britain . 2007-09-24. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Navenby Archeology Group: Navenby Archeology Group, The Romans in Navenby . In: NAG Projects . 2007. Archived from the original on February 3, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  5. ^ Local Heritage Initiative: The "Open Space," Chapel Lane, Navenby . 2006. Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  6. ↑ a b c English Heritage: Pastscape Monument number 326101 . In: National Monuments Records . 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  7. ^ Martin Millett: The Romanization of Britain: An Essay in Archaeological Interpretation . Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBN 0-521-42864-5 , p. 132.
  8. ↑ Jeremy Taylor: An Archaeological Resource Assessment and Research Agenda for the Roman Period in the East Midlands (PDF) East Midlands Archaeological Research Framework. August 2, 2006. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  9. ^ A b Kenneth Cameron: The Place Names of Lincolnshire . English Place-Name Society, 1991, ISBN 0-904889-16-5 , p. 69.
  10. ^ AD Mills: A Dictionary of English Place-Names . Oxford University Press, 1991, ISBN 0-19-280074-4 .
  11. ↑ a b c d Judy Theobald: Down your way, Clifftop neighbors (PDF) September 2005. Accessed March 30, 2008.
  12. ↑ a b John Timbs: Abbeys, castles and ancient balls of England and Wales, Their legendary lore . Frederick Warne and Co, 1872, p. 9.
  13. ^ A b Gilbert Slater: The English Peasantry and the Enclosure of Common Fields . Elibron Classics, 1969, ISBN 978-1-4212-1081-0 , p. 285.
  14. ^ Thomas Dugdale, Curiosities of Great Britain: England and Wales Delineated, Historical . L. Tallis, 1854, p. 1233.
  15. ^ A b William White: History, Gazetteer, and Directory, of Lincolnshire, and the City and Diocese . Oxford University Press, 1882, p. 611.
  16. ^ A b William White: White's 1856 Lincolnshire . AM Kelley, 1969, p. 15.
  17. ^ Charles Knight : Penny Cyclopaedia . Charles Knight. P. 13.1839. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  18. ^ William White: History, Gazetteer, and Directory, of Lincolnshire, and the City and Diocese . Elibron Classics, 1882, p. 800.
  19. ↑ a b c d e f Great Britain Historical GIS Project: A vision of Britain through time, Place: Navenby Lincolnshire . In: A Vision of Britain Through Time . Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  20. ↑ Portable Antiquities Scheme: LIN-49FC12 . In: Finds Database . 2003. Archived from the original on February 3, 2008. Retrieved on February 24, 2008.
  21. ^ A b North Kesteven District Council: The Heath Walk . In: Leisure and Culture . December 6, 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  22. ↑ Hastings, Chris; Bisset, Susan; Edwardes, Charlotte: TE Lawrence's 'mistress' was an orphan . June 9, 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  23. ^ Basil Hart: TE Lawrence in Arabia and After . J. Cape, 1936, p. 424.
  24. ↑ Jeremy Wilson: Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorized Biography of TE Lawrence . Atheneum, 1990, p. 766.
  25. ^ Phillip Knightley: The Secret Lives of Lawrence of Arabia . McGraw-Hill, 1970, p. 294.
  26. ^ A b Raf Lincolnshire Information Service: RAF Wellingore . August 2004. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  27. ^ Roll of Honor website, supported by The Ministry of Defense and The Royal British Legion: Roll of Honor - Navenby War Memorial . 2002. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  28. ↑ a b c d e f Office for National Statistics: Neighborhood Statistics LN5 0EH within neighborhood North Kesteven 006B . 2004. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  29. ^ A Vision of Britain Through Time website: Navenby AP-CP: Total Houses . Retrieved on February 24, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.visionofbritain.org.uk
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Lincolnshire County Council: The Lincolnshire Research Observatory . 2006. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  31. ^ Samuel Lewis: A Topographical Dictionary of England . S. Lewis and Co, 1848, ISBN 0-521-42864-5 , pp. 366-368.
  32. ^ Thomas Allen: The History of the County of Lincoln . J. Saunders. jnr, 1834, p. 79.
  33. ^ Vision of Britain: Relationships unit history of Navenby . Archived from the original on July 9, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  34. ↑ Birmingham & Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry: Worcester Branch of the Birmingham and Midland Society for Genealogy and Heraldry . Archived from the original on May 15, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  35. ^ WO Massingberd: The Lincolnshire Sokemen, The English Historical Review . Oxford University Press, 1905, pp. 699-703.
  36. ↑ Local Heritage Initiative: Eleanor of Castile (PDF) Archived from the original on February 25, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  37. ^ A b Frederic Youngs: Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England . tape 1 : Northern England. . London: Royal Historical Society, 1991, ISBN 0-86193-127-0 , pp. 246, 272 .
  38. ^ A Winchester: Discovering parish boundaries . Princes Riseborough: Shire Publications Ltd, 2000, ISBN 0-7478-0470-2 , pp. 5-20.
  39. ^ Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870–72): Descriptive Gazetteer entry for Lincoln . Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  40. ^ Frederic Youngs: Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England . tape 1 : Northern England. . London: Royal Historical Society, 1991, ISBN 0-86193-127-0 , pp. 247, 273 .
  41. ^ A b Frederic Youngs: Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England . tape 1 : Northern England. . London: Royal Historical Society, 1991, ISBN 0-86193-127-0 , pp. 247, 273, 278 .
  42. ^ A b Vision of Britain: Relationships unit history of Navenby . Archived from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  43. ^ Vision of Britain: Relationships, unit history of parts of Holland . 2008. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  44. ↑ a b Lincolnshire County Council: Parishes: Administrative Information Mablethorpe to Nun Ormsby (PDF; 183 kB) 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
  45. ↑ Thomas Spencer Baynes: The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General . HG Allen, 1888, p. 665.
  46. ↑ Navenby.net website: Navenby.net Local Councils . 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  47. ^ North Kesteven Council: Welcome to the North Kesteven District Council website . 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  48. ^ Kesteven District Council: District Council . 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  49. ^ Lincolnshire County Council: Lincolnshire County Council homepage . 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  50. ^ Conservative Party: Rt Hon Douglas Hogg QC MP Member of Parliament for Sleaford and North Hykeham . Retrieved on February 24, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.conservatives.com
  51. ^ European Parliament: MEP profile, Bill Newton Dunn . 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  52. ↑ East Midlands LibDems: East Midlands Liberal Democrats Bill Newton Dunn and the Liberal Democrats, working for you across the East Midlands . Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  53. ^ Great Britain Historical GIS Project: Navenby through time . In: A Vision of Britain Through Time . 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  54. ↑ a b c Cliff-edge villages offer a dramatic and historic setting . In: Horncastle News , Johnston Press Digital Publishing, November 23, 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2008. 
  55. ^ Cliff Villages (Lincoln) U3A: Why Cliff Villages? . 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  56. ↑ a b MSN website: Local Weather Forecast Lincoln, England . Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  57. ^ A b Lincolnshire County Council website: Lincolnshire County Council, Climate and Weather . 2008. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  58. ↑ Natural England: Lincolnshire (including North and North East Lincolnshire) . In: England's Geology . Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  59. ↑ Bench Mark Database: Flush Bracket 2094: Navenby . April 16, 2005. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  60. ↑ Countryside Commission : Northern Lincolnshire Edge with Coversands / Southern Lincolnshire Edge . In: Countryside Character (), Volume 3: Yorkshire and the Humber 1998, ISBN 0-86170-497-5, (accessed March 30, 2008).
  61. ^ Burnham, Barry C. (2001) Roman Britain in 2001 . ISBN 0-520-07303-7
  62. ↑ a b Kesteven District Council: Indices of Deprivation 2004 (PDF; 1.4 MB) 2004. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  63. ^ Kesteven District Council: North Kesteven Local Strategic Partnership Housing, Navenby Housing . 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  64. ^ Priest hole in the English language Wikipedia
  65. ↑ English Heritage: Images of England, IoE Number: 192482 . Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  66. ↑ English Heritage: Lady Burdett Coutts' Drinking Fountain, Victoria Park, Bow, London . 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
  67. ^ Lincoln Record Society: The Publications of the Lincoln Record Society . Lincoln Record Society, 1953, p. 59.
  68. ^ Henry Fitzroy: The Manuscripts of the Duke of Beauford, KG: The Earl of Donoughmore . Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1891, p. 563.
  69. ↑ HMSO Government: Statistics about Navenby, North Kesteven (PDF; 70 kB) In: HMSO Government Report . Retrieved April 15, 2008.
  70. ↑ Navenby.net website: Navenby Parish Council News . 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  71. ^ NHS: United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  72. ^ New Homes website: Local amenities . Archived from the original on February 12, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  73. ^ Regional Policy at the European Commission: Urban Audit: City Profiles . Archived from the original on April 16, 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
  74. ↑ Lincolnshire Echo: Lincolnshire Echo website homepage . 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  75. ↑ BBC Radio Lincolnshire: BBC Radio Lincolnshire website homepage . 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  76. ↑ Lincs FM website: Lincs FM radio . 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  77. ↑ Siren FM: Siren FM radio . 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  78. ↑ Images of England: Images of England IoE Number: 456211 . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  79. ↑ Images of England: Images of England IoE Number: 192469 Location: 3 East Road (north side) . 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  80. ↑ Anderson and Glenn website: Mrs Smith's Cottage . 2007. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  81. ↑ a b c Oden website: Mrs Smith's Cottage Navenby, Lincoln . 2004. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  82. ^ Images of England: Images of England: IoE Number: 192464 . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  83. ↑ a b Simon Jenkins: England's Thousand Best Churches . Allen Lane, 1999, ISBN 0-7139-9281-6 , p. 387.
  84. ^ A b John Betjeman: An American's Guide to English Parish Churches . Dowell, Obolensky, 1959, p. 245.
  85. ^ William Andrews: Old Church Lore . Kessinger Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1-4286-1314-5 , p. 119.
  86. ↑ Skegness Standard: St Peter's In Debt, Pages from the Past . 1982/2007. Retrieved on February 20, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.skegnessstandard.co.uk
  87. ↑ a b Road Ghost website: Location: A15, no. Ruskington (Lincolnshire) . 2002. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  88. ^ HP White: Forgotten Railways . David and Charles, 1986, ISBN 0-946537-13-5 , p. 132.
  89. ^ Christian Wolmar: On the Wrong Line . Aurum Press, 2005, ISBN 1-85410-998-7 , p. 57.
  90. ^ Neil Burgess: Lincolnshire's Lost Railways . Stenlake Publishing, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84033-407-4 , p. 92.
  91. ^ National Express East Coast website: Welcome to National Express East Coast . Archived from the original on February 18, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  92. ↑ Stage Coach website: Grantham, Leadenham and Lincoln (PDF) Archived from the original on September 20, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  93. ↑ County Council website: Real time passenger information for bus services in Lincolnshire . 2008. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved on February 20, 2008.
  94. ^ Carl Berry website: Transport (bus, coach, train) and other local services in Navenby . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  95. ^ Navenby Primary School: Navenby village school . 2008. Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  96. ^ A b Lincolnshire County Council: School Admissions Home . In: School Admissions . 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  97. ↑ Lincolnshire County Council: Lincolnshire County Council School Organization Plan 2002-2007 (PDF; 511 kB) October 8, 2002. Accessed April 16, 2008.
  98. ^ Sir William Robertson High School: Sir William Robertson High School . 2006. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  99. ^ Branston Community College: Branston Community College . Archived from the original on April 6, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  100. ^ Carre's Grammar School: Carre's Grammar School . 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  101. ^ Kesteven & Sleaford High School: Kesteven & Sleaford High School . 2006. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  102. ^ Independent Schools Council: Lincoln Minster School . In: School Search . Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  103. ↑ Bishop Grosseteste website: Courses: Postgraduate level: PGCE primary . 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  104. ^ Bishop Grosseteste University College Lincoln: BA (Hons) Education Studies & Drama . 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  105. ^ University of Lincoln: Freedom of Information . In: University of Lincoln Portal . Archived from the original on November 24, 2005. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  106. ^ University of Lincoln: Facts and figures 2006/7 . In: Press & Media Information . Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  107. ^ Lincoln College: Life at College . Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008.
  108. ^ Images of England website: Images of England, IoE Number: 192476 . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  109. ↑ Images of England website: Images of England, IoE Number: 192479 . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  110. ^ William White: History, Gazetteer, and Directory, of Lincolnshire, and the City and Diocese . Independent Office, Sheffield, 1882, p. 153.
  111. ^ Thomas Allen: History of the County of Lincoln: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time . J. Saunders, jr, 1834, p. 261.
  112. ^ Templar Mechanics website: Temple Bruer Pentacle and Hell Fire Club . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  113. ^ Betty Kemp: Sir Francis Dashwood: An Eighteenth Century Independent . St Martin's Press, 1967, pp. 108, 109, 122.
  114. ↑ Visit Britain: Mary Powell Interview . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  115. ^ Baker voted Britain's best . BBC News Online . January 27, 2004. Retrieved March 26, 2008.
  116. ↑ Sleaford Standard website: BUTCHERS ARE A CUT ABOVE THE REST . October 18, 2006. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  117. ↑ Beckham, Ray: Navenby Pentagram . 2007. Archived from the original on January 7, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
  118. ↑ , William: Houses of Knights Templars Willoughton, Eagle, Aslackby, South Witham and Temple Bruer . 2007. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved on February 20, 2008.
  119. ^ Templar Mechanics: Welcome to Templar Mechanics . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  120. ↑ Christopher Hodapp: The Templar Code For Dummies . John Wiley and Sons, 2007, ISBN 0-470-12765-1 , p. 355.
  121. ↑ Carmen Harra: Signs Symbols and Secrets: Decoding the Da Vinci Code . AuthorHouse, 2006, ISBN 1-4259-5257-7 , p. 60.
  122. ↑ Knights Templar UK: The Templar Pentagram . Archived from the original on February 16, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  123. ^ Templar Mechanics: Synchronicity and Coincidence . 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  124. ↑ Western Morning News: Live like a star in vicarage top star knows so well . 2002. Archived from the original on February 4, 2008. Retrieved on February 20, 2008.
  125. ↑ Artscoritani.com: Artists, Fenella Stoner . 2008. Retrieved on February 20, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.artscoritani.com
  126. ^ Anglian Water website: Anglian Water . 2008. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  127. ↑ United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust website: United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust . 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  128. ^ Lincolnshire Wolds website: The Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire Air Ambulance . 2008. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
  129. ↑ BBC: Air ambulance celebrates anniversary . 2003. Retrieved October 18, 2008.
  130. ^ Lincolnshire County Council website: Improved Performance for Lincolnshire Fire and Rescue . 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  131. ↑ Yell.com website: Fire Brigade in Lincolnshire . 2008. Accessed on March 30, 2008.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.yell.com
  132. ^ Lincolnshire Police website: Lincolnshire Police serving the community . 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008.
  133. ↑ Navenby.net website: Navenby Bowls Club . 2007. Archived from the original on August 20, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  134. ↑ NJFC website: Navenby Junior Football Club . 2007. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
  135. ↑ Lady Imps website: Tracey Duxbury . 2006. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
  136. ↑ Navenby.net website: Navenby Archaeological Group . Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  137. ↑ Navenby.net website: Navenby Women's Institute Picture Gallery . 2007. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved on February 20, 2008.
  138. ↑ Navenby.net website: Artists of Navenby . 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2008.