Oran
وهران Oran |
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Coordinates | 35 ° 41 ′ N , 0 ° 39 ′ W | |
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Basic data | ||
Country | Algeria | |
Oran | ||
ISO 3166-2 | DZ-31 | |
height | 100 m | |
Residents | 679,877 (2009) | |
Post Code | 31000-31037 | |
View of Oran
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Oran ( Arabic وهران, DMG Wahrān , tamazight ⵡⴻⵀⵔⴰⵏ Wehran ) is a coastal city in the province of the same name in western Algeria .
It is the second largest city in the country after the capital Algiers and an important industrial city (metal, chemical, light, food industry). It has a port, the Oran Es Sénia Airport and is a cultural center with a university, theater and museums .
Oran is also the location of the fictional event in the novel " The Plague " by the French writer Albert Camus , which describes an outbreak of the plague in the 1940s and which was published in 1947. Four years earlier, the Italian writer Raoul Maria de Àngelis had published the novel “La peste a Urana” (“The plague in Urana”). Oran is the hometown of the Raï .
The Algerian space development center Center de développement spatial of the Algerian space agency Agence Spatiale Algérienne is located in Oran .
climate
Oran is located in the subtropical climatic zone . The annual average temperature is 17.7 degrees Celsius, the annual rainfall is 366 millimeters on average. The warmest months are July and August with an average of 24.2 to 24.8 degrees Celsius, the coldest months December to February with an average of 11.7 to 12.4 degrees Celsius. Most of the precipitation falls from October to April with an average of 32 to 67 millimeters, the least from May to September with an average of one to 19 millimeters.
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Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Oran
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history
Oran was probably founded in the 10th century by Muslim merchants from Andalusia . Since the fall of the Abdalwadid Empire , the city has changed hands several times. The Spaniards captured Mers el Kebir in October 1508 and Oran in May 1509. In 1708, however, the Spaniards had to surrender after a siege by the Moors. In 1732 it was recaptured under Philip V. The Spaniards landed surprisingly on June 22nd, 1732 before Oran and on June 24th there was the battle of Masalquivir, in which the Moors were defeated. They retired to the city and surrendered on June 27, 1732. The Spaniards stayed there for 60 years until they sold the city to Algiers in 1792. In 1797 the Hassan Pasha Mosque was built. The rule of Algiers only lasted until 1830 , when France took possession of the city.
In July 1940 the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had the (Vichy) French fleet anchored in the port of Oran shot at to prevent a feared takeover by the Germans ( Operation Catapult ). On November 10, 1942, the city was captured by US troops as part of Operation Torch and served as the starting point for the subsequent landing in Sicily .
During the French colonial era, the city had the highest percentage of European population in all of Algeria, up from 54% in 1962. The group of "Europeans" according to the legal definition of the colony consisted of Christians of Spanish, Italian and French origin and the Sephardic Jews . Oran has been part of the independent state of Algeria since 1962. The remaining European population, mostly French and Italians, was largely expropriated and driven out by the new rulers.
In the chaotic time of Algeria's independence, the right-wing French nationalist terrorist group OAS pursued a scorched earth policy : they did not want to leave any French achievements to the hated Muslims and so Delta Commandos of the OAS not only burned Algiers' library down, but also blew up Oran's city hall, library and four schools in the air. In Oran, the OAS bombings in May 1962 killed 10–15 people a day. For this, and for over 100 years of oppression, the National Liberation Front (FLN) retaliated on July 5, 1962 with a bloodbath. Between 95 and 3500 Christian Europeans were killed in a massacre, a more detailed analysis of the events is still pending.
Population and religion
Oran has 645,984 inhabitants (2012 calculation).
Population development:
year | Residents |
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1977 (census) | 499 330 |
1987 (census) | 609 823 |
2009 (calculation) | 679 877 |
Since independence in 1962, Islam has been by far the most important religion in Oran. There are around 93% Muslims (in 1962 it was only around 44%), 4% are Christians , 3% are Jews . There are often several mosques in many areas of Oran. The most famous mosques in Oran are:
- Sidi El Houari mosque
- Eckmühl mosque
- El Mouahidine Mosque
- Zin El Abidine Mosque
- Osama bno Zaid mosque
- El Fath Mosque
- Maghrawa Mosque
- Abubakr Es-Sedik Mosque
economy
Due to the large port , the city has developed into an important industrial and commercial center since the colonial times. Among other things, the chemical and food industries are located here. The natural gas from the Algerian Sahara also reaches Oran via pipelines and is exported from here. The east-west motorway runs close to the city.
The port of "Marsa el Kebir" is an important transshipment point for exports and imports from Algeria. Most of the Algerian companies have their headquarters in Oran. The industrial areas Es Senia, Oued Tlilet, and Hassi Ameur are known for their many small and medium-sized enterprises, which produce food, clothing, furniture and paper goods. With the introduction of the market economy, Oran has attracted many foreign investment firms, therefore the city is considered an important center of the Algerian economy.
Summer guests come from different places to spend their holidays in Oran. So tourism has also become an important economic factor.
Oran is an important garrison of the Algerian military . The headquarters of the Northwest Military Region of the Algerian Army and a base of the Algerian Navy are located in the city.
Attractions
- Sidi El Houari is the old town and landmark of Oran.
- The coast around Oran has a large number of sandy beaches; z. B. the beaches Coralès, La Grande, Les Andalouses and Bousfer.
- The Fort of Santa Cruz, built by the Spanish in the 16th century, towers over the city at a height of almost 400 m.
- The Great Synagogue , built from 1880 onwards, was one of the largest Jewish places of worship in North Africa; in 1975 it was confiscated and converted into the Abdellah ben Salem Mosque.
- The Cathedral of the Sacred Heart (Sacré-Coeur) was built from 1903 and now serves as a library.
- The Ahmed Zabana Museum shows the history of Algeria and offers an insight into the culture of the people who live there.
- The Musée d'art modern d'Oran shows modern art.
Culinary specialties
Oran is a coastal city, which means that fish plays an important role. Among other things, fish is also used in the preparation of paella . This dish was adopted in Oran by the Spaniards who ruled the city for two hundred years.
There is also fast food , the best known being Karantika, an Orange specialty, where a sandwich is filled with baked pudding made from chickpea flour . Another specialty in Oran is couscous with lamb , carrots , beets, melon squash, chickpeas, and green zucchini. Another culinary specialty in Oran is Chorba, a particularly spicy noodle soup with vegetables.
Town twinning
- Alicante , Spain
- Bordeaux , France
- Casablanca , Morocco
- Dakar , Senegal
- Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
- Durban , South Africa
- Gdańsk , Poland
- Havana , Cuba
- Cairo , Egypt
- Lyon , France
- Oujda , Morocco
- Sfax , Tunisia
- Zarqa , Jordan
sons and daughters of the town
- Émilie Ambre (1854–1898), French opera singer
- Ernest Libérati (1906–1983), French football player
- Joseph Alcazar (1911–1979), French football player
- Camille Malvy (1912-1999), French football player
- Jean Bastien (1915–1969), French football player and coach
- Kader Firoud (1919–2005), French football player and coach
- Léon Ashkénasi (1922–1996), French rabbi, Kabbalist and philosopher
- Armand Mouyal (1925–1988), French fencer
- Errol Parker (1930–1998), American jazz drummer, pianist, band leader and composer
- Antoine Pascual (* 1933), French football player
- Kaddour Bekhloufi (1934-2019), football player
- Claude Dray (1935–2011), French real estate entrepreneur and art collector
- Yves Saint Laurent (1936–2008), French fashion designer
- Hélène Cixous (* 1937), French philosopher
- Pierre-Alain Dahan (1943–2013), French jazz drummer
- Jean Benguigui (born 1944), French actor
- Hamid Skif (1951–2011), writer and journalist
- Laurence Tubiana (* 1951), French economist
- Jean-Marc Foussat (* 1955), French composer and improvisation musician
- Étienne Daho (* 1956), French pop singer
- Alain Chabat (* 1958), French actor and director
- Rachid Taha (1958–2018), Algerian-French Raï musician
- Catherine Destivelle (* 1960), French alpinist
- Cheb Khaled (* 1960), Raï singer
- Franck Amsallem (* 1961), French jazz pianist and composer
- Chaba Fadela (* 1962), actress and singer
- Gerhard Dammann (1963–2020), Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
- Philippe Parreno (* 1964), French artist and filmmaker
- Cheb Hasni (1968–1994), Raï singer
- Ysa Ferrer (* 1972), French actress and singer
- Noureddine Daham (born 1977), football player
- Ali Kaaf (* 1977), artist
- Hemza Mihoubi (* 1986), Algerian-French football player
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Quick: 'Le parole sono pietre' Medical aspects of Italian literature of the 20th century. In: Würzburger medical history reports 7, 1989, pp. 5–34; here: p. 21
- ↑ wetterkontor.de
- ↑ la fusillade de la rue d'Isly, l'exode des pieds-noirs, Oran . Ligue des droits de l'homme , March 2002
- ↑ Citipedia.info. Retrieved May 3, 2017.