Labor Party of Korea

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조선 로동당 朝鮮 勞動 黨 Chosŏn Rodongdang Labor Party of Korea
Party leader	Kim Jong Un
Secretary General	(de jure) Kim Jong-il † ("Eternal Secretary General")
vice-chairman	Pak Kwang-ho Pak T'ae-sŏng T'ae Chong-su Pak T'ae-dok An Chŏng-su Ch'oe Hwi
founding	June 30, 1949
Place of foundation	Pyongyang
Headquarters	Pyongyang
Youth organization	Kimilsungist-Kimjongilist Youth Association Corps of Young Pioneers
newspaper	Rodong Sinmun Kulloja
Alignment	Juche ideology , Sŏn'gun politics
Colours)	Red , yellow
Parliament seats	607/687
Number of members	approx. 1.3 million (December 1962) approx. 7 million (1991)
International connections	IMCWP
Website	Naenara: The Labor Party of Korea

The Labor Party of Korea or PdAK for short ( Korean 조선 로동당 , McCune-Reischauer Chosŏn Rodongdang ) is the ruling unity party in North Korea . Their leading role in the state is set out in Section I, Article 11 of the country's Constitution. The organs of the Central Committee (ZK) of the PdAK are the newspaper Rodong Sinmun and the theoretical-ideological magazine Kulloja .

Party flag of the PdAK

Party headquarters on Kim Il-sung Square in Pyongyang

In addition to the PdAK, there are two other parties in North Korea, the Social Democratic Party of Korea (SDPK) and the national- religious Chondoist Ch'ŏngu party , which, however, function as bloc parties . They have central offices in the capital Pyongyang , but no other party organization. The existence of these two other parties is intended to preserve the appearance of party pluralism . The SDPK and the Chondoist Ch'ŏngu Party together with the PdAK form the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland (DFWV). Every year on October 10, North Korea celebrates the day of the founding of the Labor Party of Korea as a national holiday. In terms of urban planning, the monument to the founding of the Labor Party of Korea in Pyongyang is intended to underline the leading role of the party.

history

Origin and dissolution (1919-28)

As early as 1919 there were two groups on the Korean Peninsula that invoked Bolshevism .

The "Hwayo Group" was founded in the 1920s. It was one of the factions within the communist movement. In November 1924 she renamed herself "Hwayo Society".

In April 1925, the Communist Party of Korea (KPK) was founded in illegality - the Japanese government at the time ( Korea was then part of the Japanese Empire ) banned separatist associations.

In April 1926, the " ML group" organized another faction, which was incorporated into the party in the autumn of the same year. Within the party there was then a struggle between the ML group and other factions for hegemony.

On October 17, 1926, Kim Il-sung founded the Communist Association for the Smashing of Imperialism (VZI) in Huadian in northeast China, independently of the CPK .

The VI. The World Congress of the Comintern (July 17 - September 1, 1928) accepted the KPK as a section of the Comintern.

The KPK was eventually disbanded in 1928 because of its illegal status and persecution, as well as factionism and sectarianism . After that there were only individual communist groups on the Korean peninsula, many communists went to the Soviet Union , Manchuria and China . From China, communist partisans led an armed anti-Japanese partisan struggle under the command of Kim Il-sung from the early 1930s, later also within the Korean peninsula.

Reorganization and unification (1945-49)

After independence from Japan in 1945, the "ML" or "Hwayo Group" founded the "Jangan Party" and the "Party of Reconstruction" in South Korea.

From October 10 to 13, 1945, the founding party congress of the Central Organizing Committee of the CP of North Korea, headed by Kim Yong Bom, met in North Korea, in Pyongyang. However, this was replaced after only two months by Kim Il-sung , who enjoyed the support of the Soviet occupying power. North Korean historiography claims today that Kim Il-sung founded what is now PdAK on October 10th.

On February 16, 1946, the Communists who had returned from China founded the New Democratic Party of North Korea (NDP). From August 28 to 30, 1946, the Unification Party Congress took place, at which the NDP and the Central Organizing Committee of the CP of North Korea united to form the North Korean Labor Party (PdA). The new party had around 170,000 members, almost 80% of whom came from the ranks of the former Communist Party. Kim Du-bong , previously chairman of the NDP, became the first general secretary.

In the south of Korea, the left-wing parties also united in November 1946 to form a unity party called Nam-joseon-rodong (South Korean Labor Party), which maintained close contacts with its northern counterpart. In the years up to 1948, the majority of the South Korean party functionaries relocated to the north , harassed by anti-communist reprisals.

In March 1948, the 2nd party congress of the PdA North Korea took place; He saw the qualitative strengthening of the party as the central question in building a mass party and submitted, among other things, the task of "consolidating the party cells, improving the party's ideological work and securing its organizational and ideological unity."

On June 30, 1949, the PdA of North Korea and the PdA of South Korea, which was illegally active in the south, finally united in a joint plenary session of their Central Committee (ZK) to form the PdAK. Kim Il-sung was elected chairman of the Central Committee of the PdAK (until 1966).

Further story (1956-2015)

The 3rd party congress of the PdAK took place from April 23 to 29, 1956, at which Kim Il-sung emphasized the need to expand the unity of the party.

At a later Central Committee meeting, two members of the Politburo of the Central Committee sharply criticized the party leadership. ("In a word, they attacked the leadership's line, their unity. The whole Central Committee was outraged by them. ... The plenary criticized them, nothing more," Kim Il-sung later said of the incident.) The two top politicians criticized , the resolutions of the 20th party congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union regarding the personality cult were not observed in North Korea. The economic and political results in North Korea did not correspond to the platform of the 20th party congress and a bunch of incompetent people had gathered in the party's Central Committee. Immediately after their criticism was rejected by the Central Committee, however, these two Politburo members fled to China, but later returned - after the USSR and China had persuaded the PdAK leadership to consent to "correct their mistakes" - and resumed their old positions a.

From September 11 to 18, 1961, the 4th party congress took place, at which Kim Il-sung set the programmatic tasks for further organizational and ideological consolidation of the party and for strengthening its leading role and particularly emphasized the fact that revisionism, sectarianism, local patriotism and nepotism to be combated. The fourth party congress drew up the seven-year plan for the period from 1961 to 1967.

From December 10 to 14, 1962, the 5th plenary session of the 4th Central Committee of the Party of Labor of Korea took place under the chairmanship of Kim Il-sung, at which the members and candidates of the Central Committee and the members of the Central Party Control Commission, functionaries more central and regional party organizations as well as responsible persons from ministries and state central administrations took part. The plenary agenda included the question of further strengthening national defense and the outcome of the implementation of the 1962 National Economic Plan and the 1963 National Economic Plan.

Kim Jong-il

On June 19, 1964, Kim Jong-il began his party work in the Central Committee of the PdAK. At the 2nd party conference of the PdAK in October 1966, Kim Il-sung was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the PdAK.

The 5th party congress of the PdAK in 1970 adopted the 1971/76 six-year plan.

From September 1973 Kim Jong-il held the function of secretary of the PdAK Central Committee, and in October of the same year he was elected a member of the PdAK Central Committee. At the 8th plenary session of the PdAK Central Committee on February 13, 1974, he was finally elected a member of the Central Committee's PB.

From October 10 to 14, 1980, the VI was held in Pyongyang. PdAK party conference. The party congress decided to reshape the whole society “true to the Juche ideology .” In addition, he decided the goal of bringing in 15 million tons of grain, elected Kim Jong-il as a member of the Presidium of the PB of the Central Committee, Secretary of the Central Committee and member of the Central Military Commission of the PdAK and adopted a new party statute.

The Monument to the Establishment of the Party of Labor of Korea in Pyongyang .

The 7th party congress was originally planned for 1986, but it did not take place until 2016. It is a novelty within the communist movement that a communist party has not held a single congress in a period of 35 years.

In April 1982 a joint meeting of the Central Committee of the PdAK and the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea was held. At the 12th Plenum of the PdAK on December 12, 1991, Kim Jong-il was appointed Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army . On April 13, 1992 - two days before his 80th birthday - Kim Il-sung was awarded the honorary title of "Generalissimo" by the Central Committee of the PdAK.

On July 8, 1994 the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the PdAK, Kim Il-sung, died at the age of 82 as a result of a heart attack. Kim Jong-il was elected as the new general secretary on October 8, 1997. Previously, party meetings took place at the regional level, at which the participants voted in favor of Kim Jong-il's election.

In November 2008, representatives of the PdAK also took part in the 10th International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties in São Paulo , Brazil .

In June 2010 the PB of the Central Committee of the PdAK convened the 3rd party conference of the PdAK for the beginning of September 2010 . This should elect the highest governing body. In addition, the new requirements for the “revolutionary development of the party” should be another topic of this party conference. At the conference, which only took place in Pyongyang on September 28, 2010, Kim Jong-il was confirmed as general secretary, an amendment and addition to the party statutes were resolved and new governing bodies, including the Central Committee, were elected. The party conference was the first major national party meeting since December 1993 (at that time the Central Committee elected by the VIth Party Congress met for its 21st and final plenary session). Following the party conference, a plenary session of the new Central Committee, which consisted of 229 people, took place. The propaganda attached great importance to the conference, which could be understood as a recognition of the importance of the party, since Kim Jong-il relied mainly on the army as part of the Songun policy.

On December 6, 2010, an agreement on cooperation and exchange of delegations was signed between the PdAK and the communist ruling party of the Lao People's Democratic Republic , the Lao People's Revolutionary Party , in the Lao capital Vientiane .

History (since 2016)

The first party congress of the PdAK since 1980 took place from 6 to 10 May 2016 . 3467 delegates took part.

Purges

There have been numerous extensive purges in the history of the party . H. Elimination of unpleasant actors within the PdAK. Here are the most important purges and their victims:

• In 1953, a group of high-ranking officials was tried and convicted of "espionage for the US and subversive endeavors"
• In 1955, Foreign Minister Pak Hon-yong , who was accused of acting as an "American secret agent", was executed
• In 1956, Mu Chong, a member of the pro- China Yenan faction within the party, was executed
• In March 1958, a purge was directed against the pro-Soviet group Hŏ Ka-is and the Yenan faction around Kim Du-bong, as well as against functionaries who were open to the Khrushchev reforms.
• In March 2010, the Central Committee functionary Pak Nam-ki was executed.

Governing bodies

Politburo of the Central Committee

The Politburo of the Central Committee and its Presidium organize and direct all party work on behalf of the Central Committee between its plenary sessions. The Politburo of the Central Committee should meet at least once a month (Statute of the PdAK, Chapter III, Article 25).

However, the number of members has declined sharply in the past - of the former 20 members, only seven were still alive in 2002; Successors for the deceased were not determined. This situation was only ended with the party conference in September 2010. At the party conference in April 2012, new vacancies were filled. In July 2012, the then board member Ri Yong-ho was dismissed from all offices and then replaced.

The composition (as of July 2012, possibly with an update):

• Members of the Presidium of the PB of the Central Committee of the PdAK
  • Marshal Kim Jong-un , Chairman of the PdAK, First Chairman of the DPRK State Affairs Committee and Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army (since April 2012)
  • Kim Yong-nam , Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (since September 2010)
  • Choe Yong-rim , Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (since September 2010)
  • Vice-Marshal Choe Ryong-hae , Secretary of the Central Committee of the PdAK, Head of the Political Headquarters of the KVA and member of the National Defense Commission (since April 2012)
• Members of the PB of the Central Committee of the PdAK
  • Vice-Marshal Kim Jong-gak , Minister for People's Armed Forces and Member of the National Defense Commission (since April 2012)
  • General Kim Kyong-hui , Secretary of the PdAK Central Committee (since September 2010)
  • Pak To-chun , Secretary of the Central Committee of the PdAK and member of the National Defense Commission (since April 2012)
  • Vice-Marshal Kim Yong-chun , Vice-Chairman of the National Defense Commission (since September 2010)
  • Kim Ki-nam , Secretary of the PdAK Central Committee (since September 2010)
  • Choe Thae-bok , Secretary of the Central Committee of the PdAK and Chairman of the Supreme People's Assembly (since September 2010)
  • Yang Hyong-sop , Vice Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly (since September 2010)
  • Kang Sok-ju , Vice-Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (since September 2010)
  • Vice-Marshal Ri Yong-mu , Vice-Chairman of the National Defense Commission (since September 2010)
  • Vice-Marshal Hyon Chol-hae , First Deputy Minister for People's Armed Forces (since April 2012)
  • General Ri Myong-su , Minister for People's Security and Member of the National Defense Commission (since April 2012)
  • General Kim Won-hong , Minister for State Security and Member of the National Defense Commission (since April 2012)
• Candidates of the PB of the Central Committee of the PdAK
  • Kim Yang-gon , Secretary of the PdAK Central Committee (since September 2010)
  • Kim Yong-il , Secretary of the PdAK Central Committee (since September 2010)
  • Kim Pyong-hae , Secretary of the PdAK Central Committee (since September 2010)
  • Mun Kyong-dok , Secretary of the Central Committee of the PdAK (since September 2010)
  • General O Kuk-ryol , Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission (since September 2010)
  • Colonel General Ju Kyu-chang , member of the National Defense Commission (since September 2010)
  • Colonel General Ri Pyong-sam (since April 2012)
  • Kwak Pom-gi , Secretary of the Central Committee of the PdAK and Chairman of the Budget Commission of the Supreme People's Assembly (since April 2012)
  • Ro Tu-chol , Vice-Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers (since April 2012)
  • Jo Yon-jun , First Vice-Head of the Department for Organizational Leadership of the PdAK Central Committee (since April 2012)
  • Colonel General Kim Chang-sop , Head of the Politburo of the Ministry of State Security (since September 2010)
  • Tae Jong-su (since September 2010)

Secretariat of the Central Committee

The Central Committee secretariat regularly advises and decides on cadre issues, internal party issues and other tasks of the party and controls the implementation of party decisions (Statute of the PdAK, Chapter III, Article 26).

The PdAK Central Committee Secretariat includes:

Kim Ki-nam

Choe Thae-bok

Choe Ryong-hae

Mun Kyong-dok

Pak To-chun

Kim Yong-il

Kim Yang-gon

Kim Pyong-hae

Tae Jong-su

Hong Sok-hyong

Central Military Commission

The Central Military Commission advises and decides on the party's military policy and the methods of its implementation. It organizes activities aimed at strengthening the military industries and the people's militias, as well as all armed forces. She heads the country's military facilities (Statute of the PdAK, Chapter III, Article 27).

The PdAK Central Military Commission consists of:

Kim Jong-un (Chairman)

Kim Yŏng-ch'un

Kim Jong-gak

Kim Myong-guk

Kim Kyong-ok

Kim Won-hong

Jong Myong-do

Ri Pyong-chol

Choe Pu-il

Kim Yong-chol

Yun Jong-rin

Ju Kyu-chang

Choe Sang-ryo

Choe Kyong song

U Tong-chuk

Choe Ryong-hae

See also

• Museum of the founding of the party

literature

• Kim Il Sung, “ On Building the Labor Party of Korea. “(Two volumes) Verlag für Fremdsprachige Literatur Pyongyang, Korea 1980/1982.
• Kim Jong Il, " The Labor Party of Korea - The Party of the Great Leader Comrade Kim Il Sung, October 2, 1995. " Foreign Language Literature Publishing House Pyongyang, Korea 1995.

PdAK documents

Numerous PdAK documents can be found in the works of Kim Il-sung (Publishing House for Foreign Language Literature Pyongyang, Korea). In the minutes of the IV.−XI. At the SED party congresses, there are also greetings from the PdAK to the party congresses. Further PdAK documents are listed here.

• Communiqué of the 5th plenary session of the IV Central Committee of the Party of Labor of Korea. Foreign Language Literature Publishing House, Beijing 1964.
• Statute of the Party of Labor of Korea, adopted on the VI. Party Congress (1980) (English in: " The Party Statutes of the Communist World. " Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague 1984. ISBN 90-247-2975-0 )

Writings on history

• Chong-Sik Lee, “ The Korean Workers' Party. A short history. “Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University , Stanford / California 1978.
• Kim Il Sung, “ The Historical Experience in Developing the Labor Party of Korea. Lecture given to teachers and students at the Kim Il Sung Party College , May 31, 1986. “Foreign Language Literature Publishing House, Pyongyang, Korea 1986.
• Kim Jong Il, " The Labor Party of Korea is a Juche-type revolutionary party which carries on the glorious traditions of the VZI, October 17, 1982. " Foreign Language Literature Publishing House Pyongyang, Korea 1982.

Web links

Commons : Labor Party of Korea  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Current edition of the organ of the Central Committee of the PdAK, Rodong Sinmun (Korean)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kim Jong-un "Supreme Leader" . FAZ of December 29, 2011.
2. ↑ “ Communiqué of the 5th Plenary Session of the IV Central Committee of the Party of Labor of Korea ”, p. 8
3. ^ Arno Maierbrugger, “ North Korea Handbook. On the move in a mysterious land. “2nd, updated and expanded edition: Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2007. ISBN 978-3-89794-114-4 . P. 61
4. ↑ Naenara : Section I of the North Korean Constitution (English).
5. ↑ see “ Kim Il Sung. Breakdown of life. “ Pyongyang: Foreign Language Literature Publishing House , 2001. Note 18, p. 367
6. ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Central Committee of the CPSU, “ The Communist International. Brief historical summary. “Verlag Marxistische Blätter GmbH, Frankfurt am Main 1970. p. 341
7. ↑ History of Korea in Brief ( Memento from September 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
8. ↑ s. “ Kim Il Sung. Outline of Life ", note 17, p. 366.
9. ^ Institute for Marxism-Leninism at the Central Committee of the CPSU, “ The Communist International. Brief historical outline ”, p. 347f.
10. ↑ " Kim Il Sung. Outline of Life ”, p. 129
11. ↑ ^{a b c} Kim Jong Il, " The Labor Party of Korea is a Juche-type revolutionary party that carries on the glorious traditions of the VZI, October 17, 1982 ", 1
12. ↑ see: Enver Hoxha , “ Die Khruschtschowianer. Memories. "Verlag" 8 Nëntori ", Tirana 1980. P. 263ff. Enver Hoxha (1908–1985) was the de facto leader of communist Albania from 1944–1985 . During his visit to Korea in 1956, he had talks with Kim Il-sung.
13. ↑ ^{a b} Kim Jong Il, leader of the socialist construction of Korea ( Memento of October 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
14. ↑ Kim Il Sung, “In the struggle for the reshaping of society as a whole, the working class must become a core formation that is loyal to the Juche ideology. Speech on the VI. Congress of the Federation of Trade Unions of Korea, November 30, 1981 "
15. ↑ On the Struggle of the Korean People for the Implementation of the Juch Ideology. in: Kim Il Sung, Selected Works, Berlin: Dietz Verlag, 1988, p. 79.
16. ^ Korea North General Secretary Kim Jong Il. Handbook Volume 1 (2011): Leadership Succession (page 86) , ISBN 0-7397-1197-0 (English).
17. ↑ “ Breaking the Order. " (In:" Junge Welt ", November 22, 2008. p. 3)
18. ↑ Kim builds a bespoke regime for his son. Next station: the party
19. ↑ Daily NK : North Korea's Labor Party convenes a caucus (English)
20. ^ Agreement Signed between WPK and LPRP . Korea News Service , December 8, 2010, archived from the original on May 3, 2014 ; accessed on May 7, 2019 (English, original website no longer available).  
21. ↑ Congress of the Party of Labor of Korea
22. ↑ Hanns W. Maull / Ivo M. Maull, “ In focus: Korea. History, politics, economy, culture. “Beck'sche Reihe, Verlag CH Beck, Munich 2004. ISBN 3-406-50716-6 . P. 180
23. ↑ Politburo in July 2012 (English)
24. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Secretariat of the Central Committee of the PdAK (English)
25. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Central Military Commission of the PdAK organized (English)