Sándor Márai

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Portrait of Sándor Márais by Lajos Tihanyi , 1924

Sándor Márai [ ˈʃaːndor ˈmaːrɒi ] (born April 11, 1900 as Grosschmid Sándor Károly Henrik in Kassa , Austria-Hungary ; died February 22, 1989 in San Diego , USA ) was one of the most important Hungarian poets , writers and dramatists of the 20th century. With the new edition of his novel Die Glut in 1998, he experienced a highly acclaimed renaissance in German-speaking countries. Among other things, Márai had German roots and initially also wrote in German, from 1928 he only published in Hungarian . After his emigration from Hungary, Márai led a wandering life that ended in loneliness and depression. He is the older brother of the film director Géza von Radványi .

Life

Sándor Márai's biographer Ernő Zeltner described the attempt to trace his life story "... as an adventurous undertaking", "after all, the author has laid out a true 'maze' throughout his life as a writer in which facts and memory, biography and fiction mix in a strange way".

Origin and first attempts as a journalist

Sándor Márai at the age of four
Photography (copyrights unclear)

Sándor Márai was born in Kaschau (Hungarian Kassa , Slovak Košice ), which at that time belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary (since 1918/1919 to Czechoslovakia , since 1993 to Slovakia ), as the son of the lawyer and later royal vice notary Géza Grosschmid. Márai described himself as a “German from the Spiš ”, but he was Hungarian with body and soul and proud of it, even if he spent half his life far from home. His grandfather, Christoph Grosschmid, was awarded the de Mára nobility for loyal service by Emperor Leopold II, based on the Maramureș region in what is now Romania . Even though the poet drew his newspaper articles with Márai as early as 1919 , he only officially replaced the maiden name Grosschmid with the confirmation of his application for a name change from 1939 onwards by Márai . His mother was a teacher at the girls' high school in Košice.

He grew up in the spirit of a liberal-conservative family tradition in Košice, which he described as one of the few “European” cities in Hungary at that time. Decades later he wrote about his father in his diaries: “He was liberal and conservative. Like the best of his generation, but you never knew for sure whether they were more liberal than conservative or more conservative than liberal. The time that was theirs - from the equalization to the First World War - appears today as a time of peace, law and prosperity. "

With the First World War and the partition of Upper Hungary torn from the peaceful course of events, the young Márai emigrated after a short period of study in Budapest the following the defeat of Soviet Republic Béla Kun in October 1919 after Germany . He first studied journalism at the Institute for Newspaper Studies at the University of Leipzig and wrote articles under the name Alexander Grosschmid de Márai for the satirical newspaper Der Drache by the Saxon publisher Hans Reimann . He later continued his studies in Frankfurt am Main , where he wrote for the features section of the Frankfurter Zeitung , which he considered to be the only real world newspaper in Germany. His last study visit to Germany was in Berlin , where he did not get a degree but gained extensive experience in the local social scene.

Poems, essays, travelogues and first book publications

Statue of Sándor Márai in the birthplace

Márai married Ilona Matzner (called Lola) in 1923, whom he already knew from home. Lola, who came from a wealthy Jewish family, was to accompany him for 62 years until her death. At first, the couple only married in a civil ceremony , a church wedding was rescheduled thirteen years later. Shortly after the wedding, the couple moved to Paris , where he worked as a correspondent for the Frankfurter Zeitung and the Prager Tagblatt .

During his stay in Paris, Márai frequented literary “regulars”, such as that of the journalist Egon Erwin Kisch . He read the works of Flaubert , Stendhal , Balzac and others. a. in the original and showed particular appreciation to Duhamel and Gide . During this time he also read the works of Kafka , Trakl , Benn and Else Lasker-Schüler , which he translated into Hungarian and thus made popular in his home country. A planned translation of Thomas Mann's novel Buddenbrooks did not find a publisher.

In 1925, the renowned Kazinczy Literary Society of Kaschau accepted the poet, who, despite his stay abroad, had long since become popular in Hungary through his poems and magazine articles, as a member.

On March 30, 1926, Márai embarked in Marseille and made a trip through the Middle East . He toured Egypt , Palestine , Syria and Turkey and returned to France via Greece and Italy . He published his travel impressions in the Frankfurter Zeitung and in numerous sequels in the Budapest Újság and in the Prágai Magyar Hírlap (Prague Hungarian Journal) and Pester Lloyd . Under the title In the footsteps of the gods , his experiences and reflections were published in 1927 as a book (called "travel novel" by the author). It is the first of his books that Márai included in his catalog raisonné. An earlier publication was apparently not good enough for him.

After various long trips to London , from where he reported on everything that was worth communicating, Márai returned to Hungary in 1928, initially alone. Lola followed later; while she loved Paris, Márai, even if he admired it, had never made it home.

His most productive and successful creative period began.

Success at home and the occupation of Hungary

In the novel The Young Rebels , Márai erected a monument to the Kaschau Theater (picture around 1900)

Until then, Márai had written and published reports and features , articles for newspapers and magazines, poems and short stories abroad . Now he also devoted himself to larger works, writing poetry , prose , dramas and essayistic works. For example, alongside Die Schule der Armen (1933), his opus Land, Land should be mentioned . Finally, Márai was also financially successful through the strongly autobiographical novel Confessions of a Citizen (1934). In 1942 his novel Die Glut was published , which heralded the Márai Renaissance when it was republished in Germany in 1998 and sold 200,000 copies within a year.

Lola and Sándor Márai's only child was born on February 28, 1939. The son was given the name Kristóf Géza Gábor and died at the age of barely six weeks because he suffered from haemophilia and had no chance of survival given the current state of medicine. This experience is reflected in the changes in a marriage , especially in Part 1 and 2, published in 1941.

From 1920 to 1944, the former Austro- Hungarian Admiral Miklós Horthy ruled Hungary as imperial administrator . Since 1941 Hungary was on Germany's side in World War II . When the mutual success turned and Horthy's peace contacts with the West became known, Hitler occupied Hungary on March 19, 1944 . The newly formed government under Döme Sztójay carried out the registration and collection of Hungarian Jews and their deportation to the concentration and extermination camps was supported by the Eichmann Command . Lola's father and many of her relatives perished in the Holocaust .

In protest, Sándor Márai put on “19. March 1944 took his pen out of his hand… ”and“ was not ready to do his work under German occupation ”, as the daily Magyar Nemzet wrote. From that point on, no new books and reports by him were published, neither for radio nor for newspapers. On October 15, 1944, the business of government was taken over by the Hungarian fascists, the Arrow Cross , under Ferenc Szálasi .

As the war approached, the Márais moved from their city apartment in Buda to the house of friends in the picturesque village and artist domicile of Leányfalu , around 25 kilometers north of Budapest. Márai escaped the total mobilization in the winter of 1944, in which all men between 14 and 70 years of age were recorded for the weapons or labor service , as a medical officer confirmed that "the writer Sándor Márai was unfit for any physical work due to a severe inflammation of the retina" . At Christmas 1944 the Soviet army occupied Budapest and two dozen Red Army soldiers were billeted in the house where Sándor and Lola lived . When they found out that the Germans had evacuated Buda and wanted to return to their city apartment with the 6,000-volume library, they found that only the firewalls of their house were still standing and that they had lost almost everything. Nonetheless, Márai soon managed to return to some sort of agenda of reading and writing and to get involved in Hungarian literary life. From this immediate intuition, he began work on the novel Liberation ( Szabadulás ), the manuscript of which was only published from the estate in 2000.

Hungary after the war

In the first time after the war, Sándor Márai's presence was important in Hungary. In July 1945 he was elected the Executive Secretary General of the Hungarian Writers' Union. He was also appointed to the artistic advisory board, which was supposed to advise the government on all cultural-political decisions. However, he gave up this office after a year. He declined the chairmanship of the Hungarian PEN Club and the honor of representing Hungary as Consul General in Bern because he wanted to be and remain a writer. In 1947 he was elected a full member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences .

Márai spent the winter of 1946/1947 in Italy, but returned to Hungary in the spring. At this point he was certainly not thinking of leaving his home country for good, but had decided to start over in Hungary, as Ernő Zeltner notes. The biographer considers the adoption of a child by the Márai couple as an indication of this . It is characteristic of Márai that there are different versions of this process. A newspaper report from 1947 said that the Márais had adopted János Babocsay, born in 1941, whose parents were missing in the war, as a child. The adoptive father wrote in his diary in 1987: "When I adopted him [János] in 1945 in a notary's office in Pécs (Fünfkirchen), the boy's parents, who had been separated by the war, were present, so-called simple people from Transdanubia ." In a 1988 interview, however, Márai said that János was the grandson of the wife who raised the child with her, as his parents were probably killed in a bomb attack. In the untimely thoughts. Diary 2, 1945 , Márai wrote: “When I returned from Leányfalu, I was greeted by a four-year-old boy at the garden gate. ... L. brought this guest with me while I was away; he comes from Jászberény. The mother left the boy when the little one was two months old. L. had met the boy's grandmother, a farmer from the neighboring village, on the express train, he drove everything from her about the fate of the child and took it to himself. ... Sometimes he talks about Jászberény ... (An old peasant couple raised him there) ”(p. 225f)“ Janika dreams of Jászberény, speaks as if in a fever about the home he left behind, where he was housed by the social welfare office, and the Grandma paid "Mama" and "Papa" fifty pengő a month for their maintenance. ”(P. 234) And on to János Babócsay's parents:“ The little boy was visited by his grandmother - and that upset him very much. He is sad and homesick. At all costs he wants "home", home, to Jászberény, where at the age of four months - that is, four years ago, when his parents gave him away - he was given to sixty-year-old farmers, to "mom and dad" who raised him for care allowance. "(p. 296f)

In November 1945, the Small Farmers' Party won the first free parliamentary elections with an absolute majority, a surprising and undesirable victory for the new rulers. But after a lack of support from the West, the Communists under Mátyás Rákosi came to power in 1948 . In the course of 1947 it became clear to Márai that there was hardly a place for him as a bourgeois writer in the cultural and artistic establishment of the new Hungary. Nevertheless, the three years after the war were marked by lively literary activity. He wrote u. a. the novels The Sister and Magic , the play A Gentleman from Venice and completed the second and third parts of his great family chronicle The Offended . But soon there was no longer any paper quota for reprinting out of print works .

In mid-1948, under pressure from the Communists and the Red Army that had remained in the country , the Communist and Social Democratic Parties were united to form the Hungarian Working People's Party . The bourgeois parties were ousted; the schools, which until then had largely been run by the Church and privately, were nationalized. The new Minister of Culture, József Révai , gradually brought into line the press, radio and all cultural institutions; the big publishers were nationalized.

From then on, Márai's works were devastatingly judged by the official literary critics in his homeland. The literary scholar and Marxist philosopher Georg Lukács , who had returned from Moscow , released him to a certain extent for shooting in an extensive essay. The official "art tribunes" wrote about the second volume of Márai's novel The Offended : "Only the level of the writer himself is lower than his political and human level."

In September 1948, Márai decided to leave Hungary for good. Shortly afterwards, reports appeared in the press that he was planning a longer stay in Italy, was selling his library and was trying to get a passport .

Exile in Italy

Márai would spend the rest of his life in exile, but throughout his life he felt like a Hungarian writer and continued to write in the Hungarian language. Shortly before his death, he wrote in his diary: “For every emigration it is a problem of fate to what extent the emigrant is willing to acquire the language of the new community at the expense of the mother tongue. For writers in exile there is no question, because when they break away from their mother tongue […] they cut the umbilical cord that connects them to the life-giving mother tongue and that feeds their self-confidence and their writing skills. You can very well express thoughts in a foreign language in writing, but you can only 'write', that is, create, in your mother tongue. That was no secret for me when I left Hungary 36 years ago: wherever I go, there I will be a Hungarian writer. "

Posillipo, the place of Italian exile today

The reason and pretext to leave home for good was the invitation to Márai to the third Rencontre Internationale , an annual symposium of writers, scientists and artists from different European countries in Geneva . The Hungarian authorities had allowed the entire family to leave, which suggests that the authorities were aware of Márai's intention to leave the country and did not want to hold him back. They were guests of the Swiss organizers for ten days, after which they rented another accommodation, but in the long run Switzerland turned out to be too expensive for the writer's tight budget. His Hamburg publisher Josef Paul Toth, who had successfully published the novel Die Möwe in an edition of twenty thousand copies, offered him to settle with his family in Germany because he would have been able to make a living there with fees and royalties , “but I don't feel like it , to go to Germany; find no emotional contact with the Germans. I'm going to move to Italy, where nobody and nothing is waiting for me. "

After seven weeks, Márai left Switzerland with Lola and little János. They settled in Posillipo, a district of Naples . Luigi (actually Lajos Marton), an uncle of Lola who worked as an officer for the International Refugee Organization in a refugee camp , had found a cheap apartment for her. The income was scanty, but there was enough to live on. In Naples, Márai met the blood miracle of San Gennaro , about which he was to self- publish the novel The Miracle of San Gennaro in America in 1965 . From Naples, the famous émigré wrote features, current experiences and travel reports, short stories and statements on literary and cultural-political events for Hungarian-language newspapers in Europe, the USA and South America.

On one of his trips to Munich, where he negotiated the publication of his works with his publishers, he contacted Radio Free Europe . He received a regular series under the title Sunday Talk at the station based in Munich , where he spoke up under the names Candidus or Ulysses . In 1956, in the days of the Hungarian popular uprising , Márai spoke to his compatriots in fifteen personal “special messages” over the airwaves and took a stance on current events. A return to Hungary became impossible for him because of the invasion of the Russian tanks.

American citizen

The Márais liked to live in Posillipo, but the disordered social and political conditions in Italy made the writer, who valued orderly conditions, increasingly uncomfortable. In addition, he had no regular income here. When the responsible authorities promised the prominent Eastern Bloc emigrant US citizenship and friends in New York also found Lola a job in a department store, they decided to move to the United States. In 1957, Márai took the oath on the constitution.

His literary production was not very extensive during the New York years, as he could hardly establish publishing connections, and so Márai's publications during this period were mostly self-published . He had mini editions of the books printed in Hungarian at his own expense and sent them to friends, interested parties and Hungarian bookstores worldwide. In 1958 he succeeded in publishing the second part of his diary from 1945 to 1957 at Occidental Press in Washington in Hungarian. The play A Gentleman from Venice was also published there in 1960. After that, no more books by Márais appeared for years. He wrote the travel report The Wind Comes from the West, published in 1964 by Langen Müller Verlag , about an extended trip he undertook in 1959 through the southwest of the USA .

In 1967, Márai ended his collaboration with Radio Free Europe . In the same year, the ZDF broadcast the dramatized novel Die Glut with Hans Schweikart and Walter Rilla in the leading roles under the title Ashes and Embers .

The family had previously traveled to Italy at least once a year, but now the Márais moved there permanently and lived in Salerno from 1967 to 1980 . The years in Salerno were again marked by rich literary activity. Some of his works were published in Hungarian by the Vörösváry-Weller publishing house in Toronto . The Canudos Judgment appeared there in 1970 and Land, Land! From then on, he was to become a close friend of the publisher István Vörösváry.

In 1980, the Márais finally moved to San Diego , California . Here he wrote numerous novels and short stories, which have now also found readers in the English-speaking world. These works mostly have historical or mythological features. Here he continued the diary he started in 1943 and rewrote the multi-volume novel Das Werk des Garrens from 1931 to 1947 . There were years of self-chosen loneliness in which he saw advantages, because “it may be that loneliness destroys people just as it destroyed Pascal , Holderlin and Nietzsche . But this failure, this break are still more worthy of a thinking person than the ingratiation to a world that first infects him with its seductions and then throws him into the ditch [...] stay alone and answer [...]. "

Old age and suicide

Márai spent his last years near Balboa Park in San Diego

For Sándor Márai and Lola, an important reason for returning to the United States was that both of them, now at an advanced age, placed greater trust in American health care than in Italian. Another reason was that they wanted to be close to their adopted son János, who lived with his family not far from San Diego in Carlsbad and worked as an engineer for a computer company. They moved to a small house near Balboa Park . In his diaries he took stock of his life: “What if I live that long again? Will I know more then? Be happier? Suspect more details about God, humans, nature and the supernatural? I don't think so; Experience takes time, but beyond a certain knowledge, time does not deepen the experience. I'm just getting older, no more and no less. "

On January 4, 1986, Lola, now blind, succumbed to cancer . In his diaries, Márai wrote: “Did I love her? I dont know. Do you love your legs, your thoughts? But nothing has meaning without the legs or the thoughts. Even without it, nothing makes sense. I don't know if I 'loved' her. It was different. I also don't 'love' my kidneys or pancreas. But they are both me, too, just like L. I was. ”In November of the same year his younger brother, the director Géza Radványi, died in Hungary. A few months later, on April 23, 1987, János also died surprisingly at the age of 46.

In his homeland, Márai was getting more attention again, and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , from which he was expelled in 1949, and the Writers' Union called him back in a gesture of reparation. He was also offered generous contracts to republish his works in Hungary. His answer was always that he would only agree to publication “when the Soviet troops have withdrawn from the country and when the Hungarian people, in the presence of credible foreign observers, have decided in free, democratic elections under which political system they wish to live. "

In November 1988, Márai held the two-volume edition of his novel series The Garrens published by Vörösváry in Toronto . Here he had joined and interwoven The Young Rebels , The Jealous and The Offended . The work was his literary legacy. In what was probably his last letter, he entrusted the Vörösváry couple with the administration of his literary estate.

Before that, Márai had bought a pistol and taken shooting lessons. On January 15, 1989, he wrote his last entry in his diary: “I am waiting for the position order, I am not impatient, but I don't want to delay anything. It's time."

Márai shot himself on February 22, 1989. His ashes were thrown into the sea.

Voices about Sándor Márai

“Márai does not draw from outside sources; rather, his works reflect his own youth in a well-off family of the civil servant nobility, reflect the impressions of a materially ill-off newspaper editor abroad and his rather petty-bourgeois life in Hungary between the wars and wartime. To this end, he brings his lessons from the collapse of the old world and the rise and fall of totalitarian regimes, which he does without a big gesture and without making himself an accomplice. Against the background of this spectrum of experience, Márai gained respect across ideological boundaries and gave many the impression that he had grasped his own attitude towards life. Some critics even assume that with his great success in 1934, with 'Confessions of a Citizen', he not only captured the Hungarians' attitude to life, but helped to shape it. "

- Christina Viragh

“He doesn't arrive in the West as a refugee, but as a European writer who, let's put it this way, declares his right to assume complicity in all those crimes that people of the spirit in Europe have committed against the spirit. A strange man: instead of lamenting his own fate as a victim of communist rule, he wants to repent and bear witness to the fateful decline of the human condition. […]
The Márai I am speaking of here is not the author of the glow , but of the confessions of a citizen , of the country! Country ...! , the diaries kept since 1943 and essays such as the pamphlet for the education of the nation (1942), the Occidental Patrol (1936) and The Robbery of Europe (1947).

- Imre Kertész

In his exile, which he did not want confused with emigration, Hungary always remained his spiritual center, which was exacerbated by the distance to his new environment. This national fixation and isolation contributed significantly to the fact that he was only noticed by the rest of the world a good decade after his death. It was only the novel Die Glut , which showed the non-Magyars around the turn of the millennium that its author had not only written for Hungary and a certain epoch, but also asked timeless, essential questions with the topics of friendship, love, fate, purpose in life and longing to that also gave answers.

Chronology of Márai's rehabilitation at home

  • September 1989: The Márai membership of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , revoked for political reasons , is reactivated.
  • November 1989: Symposium and commemorative event in honor of Márais in Budapest
  • 1990: Establishment of the Márai Sándor Foundation in Bratislava
  • March 1990: Posthumous award of the Kossuth Prize , the highest honor in Hungary
  • December 1990: Conference under the title The City of Márais - The World of Márais in Košice
  • March 1991: Unveiling of a memorial plaque at the Márai house in Košice
  • September 1994: Unveiling of a memorial plaque on Mikó Street in the Christinenviertel in Budapest
  • December 1994: Foundation of the annually awarded Sándor Márai Literature Prize in Budapest. Previous laureates include Péter Esterházy (2001), László Garaczi (2002) and György Ferdinandy (1997).
  • September 1997: Transfer of the Márai estate to Hungary to the Petőfi Literature Museum in Budapest
  • 2000: Exhibitions in Budapest and Košice for the hundredth birthday; scientific symposium in Szombathely
  • 2001: Traveling exhibition of the Petőfi Literature Museum in Stuttgart, Berlin and Munich
  • 2019: On January 22nd, the first permanent Márai exhibition opens in Košice, in the former home of the Grosschmids.

Works

  • 1910-1930. Twenty years of world history in 700 pictures . Together with Lásló Dormándi , introduction by Friedrich Sieburg . Transmare, Berlin 1931
  • Egy polgár vallomásai . Budapest, 1934
  • ... but he remained a stranger . Original title: Idegen Emberek. Translated from the Hungarian by Mirza von Schüching. Holle, Berlin 1935
  • A négy évszak, kőltmények prózában . Budapest: Révai, 1938
  • The four Seasons. Translation and annotations Ernő Zeltner. Piper, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-492-27144-8
  • Eszter hagyatéka. Budapest 1939
    • German edition: The legacy of the Eszter. Translated from the Hungarian by Christina Viragh. Piper, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-492-04198-1
  • Attention! Biting dog. The novel by Tschutora and the people. Translated from the Hungarian by Mirza von Schüching. Vorwerk, Berlin / Darmstadt 1940
  • The last adventure . Play in 3 acts. Editing for the German stage by Josef Paul Toth, 1941

From 1943 to 1955 the works appeared under the author's name Alexander Márai:

  • A gentleman from Venice . Novel. Original title: Vendégjáték Bolzanóban. Translated from the Hungarian by Renée von Stipsicz-Gariboldi and Georg von Komerstädt. Toth, Hamburg 1943
    • 2nd edition: Meeting in Bolzano. Toth, Hamburg 1946
    • New edition: The Countess of Parma. Piper, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-492-27050-6 .
  • The big number . Novella. Translated from the Hungarian by Tibor von Podmaniczky, 1946
  • Ilonka . Novella. Translated from the Hungarian by Tibor von Podmaniczky, 1946
  • The citizens of Košice . Edited for the German stage by Paul Mundorf , 1947
  • The big moment . Edited for the German stage by Paul Mundorf, 1947
  • The jealous . Translated from the Hungarian by Artur Saternus , 1947
  • School of the poor . Essay. Translated from the Hungarian by Tibor von Podmaniczky. Toth, Hamburg 1947
  • The seagull . Translated from the Hungarian by Tibor von Podmaniczky. Toth, Hamburg 1948
    • New edition: The seagull. Translated from the Hungarian by Christina Kunze. Piper, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-492-05208-5
  • Az igazi . Budapest: Révai, 1941 (third part and epilogue 1947)
    • Transformations of Marriage . Novel. Translation of Tibor von Podmaniczky. Toth, Hamburg 1949
    • The right one. Translation by E. Burgenländer. Scholle, Vienna 1948
    • Changes in a marriage. Translation Christina Viragh . Piper, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-492-04485-9
  • A gyertyák csonkig égnek . Budapest 1942
  • The night before the divorce . Translated from the Hungarian by Margit Bán. Neff, Vienna / Berlin 1951
    • The night before the divorce. Christina Viragh in Romanian. Piper, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-492-04287-2
  • Béke Ithakában . London: Lincoln pillory, 1952
    • Enchantment in Ithaca . Novel in three books. First book Penelope. Second book of Telemachus. Third book Telegonos. Translation of Tibor von Podmaniczky. Desch, Munich 1952
    • The women of Ithaca . Translation of Christina Kunze. Munich: Piper, 2013
  • The French yacht and other stories . Translated from the Hungarian by Tibor von Podmaniczky and Ludwig Górcz. Reclam, Stuttgart 1953
  • Music in Florence . Translated from the Hungarian by Artur Saternus. 1955
  • The miracle of San Gennaro . Translated from the Hungarian by Tibor and Mona von Podmaniczky. Holle, Baden-Baden 1957
  • Spirit in exile. Diaries 1945–1957 . Translated from the Hungarian by Tibor and Mona von Podmaniczky. Broschek, Hamburg 1959
  • The wind comes from the west. American travel images . Translated from the Hungarian by Artur Saternus. Langen, Munich / Vienna 1964
  • Sindbad goes home . Translated from the Hungarian by Markus Bieler and E. Zaitai. Nova, Hamburg 1978
  • Land, land! Memories. 2 volumes. Translated from the Hungarian by Hans Skirecki. Oberbaum, Berlin 2000
  • Diaries 1. Excerpts, photos, letters, documentation. Translated from the Hungarian by Hans Skirecki. Oberbaum, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-928254-94-4
  • Diaries 2. 1984–1989. Transl .: Hans Skirecki, Oberbaum, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-933314-18-6
  • Diaries 3. 1976–1983. Transl .: Hans Skirecki, Oberbaum, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-933314-19-4
  • Diaries 4. 1968–1975. Transl .: Hans Skirecki, Oberbaum, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-933314-20-8
  • Diaries 5. 1958–1967. Transl .: Hans Skirecki, Oberbaum, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-933314-21-6
  • Diaries 6. 1945–1957. Transl .: Paul Kárpáti, Oberbaum, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-933314-22-4
  • Diaries 7. 1943–1944. Transl .: Christian Polzin, Oberbaum, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-933314-42-9
  • Heaven and Earth. Considerations. Translated from Hungarian, with notes and an afterword by Ernő Zeltner. Piper, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-492-04284-8
  • A dog with character. Translated from the Hungarian and provided with an afterword by Ernö Zeltner. Piper, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-492-27028-X
  • The young rebels. Translated from the Hungarian by Ernő Zeltner, Piper, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-492-23898-X
  • The stranger. Translated from the Hungarian by Heinrich Eisterer. Piper, Munich 2005, ISBN 978-3-492-04775-3
  • Literary man and European. Diaries 1. (1943–1944; unabridged diaries from the estate, original: A teljes napló 1943–1944. Helikon, Budapest 2006) Translated from: Akos Doma, Piper, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-492-05190-3
  • Untimely thoughts. Diaries 2. (1945; unabridged diaries from the estate, original: A teljes napló 1945. Helikon, Budapest 2006) Translated from: Clemens Prinz, Piper, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-492-05199-6
  • Liberation. Translated from the Hungarian by Christina Kunze. Piper, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-492-05372-3
  • The sister. Translated from the Hungarian by Christina Kunze. Piper, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-492-05463-8

Letters

  • Sándor Márai / Tibor Simányi : Dear Tibor. Correspondence. (Collection of letters 1969–1989) Edited and translated from Hungarian by Tibor Simányi, Piper, Munich / Zurich 2002, ISBN 3-492-04377-1

See also

literature

Movies

  • Sándor Márai. A portrait of the Hungarian author who is experiencing an amazing renaissance. Report, 2006, author: Michael Kluth, production: MDR , editing: Kulturreport, broadcast: February 19, 2006

Web links

Commons : Sándor Márai  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Sándor Márai  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Ernő Zeltner: Sándor Márai. A life in pictures.
  2. ↑ Diaries 1984–1989. P. 39
  3. ↑ Text on the back cover of Heaven and Earth , ISBN 978-3-492-23714-7 .
  4. ^ Sándor Márai Untimely Thoughts. Diaries 2 , 1945
  5. ↑ Diaries 1984–1989. P. 17
  6. ↑ Diaries 1984–1989. P. 60.
  7. ↑ Diaries 1984–1989. P. 102
  8. ↑ Christina Viragh: Afterword , in: Sándor Márai: Die Glut (1999 Munich).
  9. ↑ Imre Kertész : Confession to a citizen. Notes on Sándor Márai. In: Ders .: The exiled language. P. 195f.
  10. ↑ Szaszák György: Megnyílt az állandó Márai emlékkiállítás kassan. In: Amikassa. January 22, 2019, accessed January 24, 2019 (Hungarian).
  11. ^ Table of contents of the film report on the MDR website
personal data
SURNAME Márai, Sándor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian writer
DATE OF BIRTH April 11, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Košice
DATE OF DEATH February 22, 1989
Place of death San Diego