SMS Carola
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| Construction data | ||
| Ship type | Smooth deck corvette | |
| Ship class | Carola class | |
| Builder: |
AG Vulcan , Stettin building no. 88 |
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| Construction designation | Smooth-deck Corvette E (new build) | |
| Launch : | December 11, 1880 | |
| Sister ships |
SMS Olga SMS Marie SMS Sophie |
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| Technical specifications | ||
| Displacement : | Construction: 2,147 t Maximum: 2,424 t |
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| Length: |
KWL : 70.6 m over everything: 76.35 m |
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| Width: | 14 m | |
| Draft : | 5.80 m | |
| Machinery: |
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| Number of screws: | 1 double-leaf (Ø 5.02 m) | |
| Power: | 2367 PSi | |
| Top speed: | 13.7 kn | |
| Range: | 3420 nm at 10 kn | |
| Fuel supply: | 218 t | |
| Crew size: | approx. 296 men | |
| Rig | ||
| Rigging : | Barque | |
| Masts: | 3 | |
| Sail area: | 1230 m² | |
| Armament | ||
| Originally: | ||
| as a training ship: |
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| Whereabouts | ||
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SMS Carola was a smooth-deck corvette and type ship of the Carola class , which wasbuiltfor the Imperial Navy in the early 1880s. Like her sister ships SMS Olga , SMS Marie and SMS Sophie , it was named after the wife of the ruler of a German federal state. It was named after Carola von Wasa-Holstein-Gottorp , the then (and last) Queen of Saxony .
The Carola -class ships were commissioned in the late 1870s to expand the German international cruiser fleet, which at the time was severely outdated. Their main tasks were the station service to safeguard German interests in foreign waters without German bases and in the German colonial empire . Accordingly, the ships were to serve as naval scouts and on extended missions in the overseas areas of interest of the German Empire . The ship's main armament was a battery of ten 15 cm ring cannons and a complete sailing rig to supplement the steam engine that was also available on long missions overseas.
To fulfill her task, the Carola completed two multi-year trips abroad, which took her to Asia, the Pacific and African waters. The Carola was also the first German warship that was used before what was later to become German South West Africa , and she was also used to combat the slave trade and the " uprising of the East African coastal population ".
From 1893 she was used as an artillery training ship and in 1905 decommissioned and scrapped.
history
Construction and first assignment abroad
The Carola was at the end of 1879 as new construction under the contract name "E" on the Vulcan shipyard in Szczecin paid to Kiel and from the November 27, 1880 left stack . The completed ship began September 1, 1881 with sea trials that lasted two weeks. The ship was then needed in the central Pacific to protect German interests in the region and was put into service accordingly. The future Admiral Guido Karcher served as their first commandant at the time. The Carola left Kiel on October 18 for Australia and from there to Apia in Samoa , where she replaced the gunboat SMS Möwe as stationary on April 15, 1882 . After her arrival, Carola took the German consul in Samoa on a tour of the island to meet the Samoan chiefs " Malietoa " Laupepa and "Tupua Tamasese" Titimaea. She then visited Tonga , New Zealand and the Society Islands and returned to Apia.
Together with the gunboat SMS Hyäne , the Carola carried out an inspection trip to the Bismarck Archipelago from November 22nd , on the way Carola also visited Tuvalu and the Carteret Islands on her own and then met the hyena in the port of Matupi . This was followed by punitive action on the Hermit Islands , where locals murdered two Germans and nine local employees of a German company. The ships sent landing troops ashore to track down the perpetrators, who fled to another island. After an extensive search that destroyed local plantings and huts, the Germans arrested two men who were involved in the killings. Both were executed. The ships returned to Matupi and on January 16, 1883 the Carola went to Sydney with a stopover on the Duke of York Islands . She then sailed to Buka to look for a missing French expedition, but could not find the discoverer. She stayed in Buka from January 20th to 24th and used a previously unknown natural harbor, which was named "Queen Karolahafen" ( Queen Carola Harbor ) in honor of the ship's namesake .
The Carola then returned to Sydney, where it was overtaken from February 11th to March 19th. On May 8th she returned to Apia, where she was ordered to return to Germany. A week later, the hyena arrived to relieve it, and the ship went with the German consul on another inspection tour of Polynesia and Melanesia , which ended in Matupi in early August. The consul disembarked and the Carola began her journey home on August 4, 1883. During her stay in Cape Town , the ship received orders to travel to South West Africa, where the merchant Adolf Lüderitz had recently acquired a strip of territory around the Angra Pequena Bay (later Lüderitz Bay ). The ship reached the bay on August 18, making it the first German warship to arrive in what would later become the German colony of German South West Africa, even before Adolf Lüderitz himself. From there the ship traveled on and arrived in Kiel on November 1, where it was inspected by General Leo von Caprivi , the new chief of the Imperial Admiralty . The ship was then decommissioned.
Second foreign assignment
During the renovation work during its decommissioning, the Carola was also equipped with a torpedo tube and put back into service on May 4, 1886 for another mission in the Pacific. She left on May 17th, crossed the Suez Canal and reached Singapore on July 26th . From there she sailed to Hong Kong , where on August 14 she met the ships of the former East African cruiser squadron , the covered corvette SMS Bismarck , the flagship of Rear Admiral Eduard von Knorr , and Carola's sister ship Olga .
Bismarck and Carola then went to Port Arthur and then, after several cases of typhus had broken out among the crew of the ships, to Nagasaki , where the sick crewmen were treated.
During his stay in Nagasaki, Knorr was ordered to return with the squadron to East Africa in order to settle new border disputes with the Sultan of Zanzibar Barghasch ibn Said on the basis of the London Treaty of October 29, 1886. On the way, Carola had to stop in Singapore to have her machines repaired. She didn't meet Bismarck and Olga again until the end of December in Zanzibar . After that, Carola and Olga were assigned to patrol the coast of Wituland . On March 1, 1887, the squadron was ordered to return to the Central Pacific because of the civil war in Samoa. Before that, however, the ships were temporarily diverted to Cape Town, where they were held ready because of a possible conflict with France over possessions in West Africa . While they were waiting for the end of the crisis, Knorr was replaced on April 15th by Captain Karl Eduard Heusner and Carola visited Angra Pequena again. The squadron continued its voyage to the Pacific on May 7th.
After the conflict had initially been resolved, Heusner received the order in the spring of 1888 to bring his squadron back to East Africa. For the Carola , the voyage was delayed again due to engine damage and the ship had to call at Singapore for repairs. From June 26, the ship was back at sea and initially ran to Walvis Bay , as there were rumors of a local uprising. However, the situation remained calm and so on November 6th the Carola was able to return to the rest of the squadron off Zanzibar, where the ship was involved in the operation against the slave trade and the "uprising of the East African coastal population".
The Carola was particularly involved in the bombardment of rebels in Windi and a subsequent landing operation, in the conquest of an Arab dhow with 78 slaves on board, who were freed as a result, and in other operations around Bagamoyo , with the crew of the ship several Field guns captured by the rebels, used. Parts of the crew of the Carola also took part in the occupation of Kunduchi on March 27, 1889 .
On May 14th, Carola traveled to Mahé in the Seychelles because a significant part of her crew was suffering from dysentery and needed time to recover. From June 11th, the Carola was back on site and directed three steamships with supplies for the " Wissmann group " set up by Hermann von Wissmann as Reich Commissioner for East Africa to Zanzibar. The ship then took part in the conquest of Pangani on July 8th and Tanga two days later.
Carola then went to Aden , where part of her crew was relieved. The captain of the ship, Korvettenkapitän Valette, was the highest-ranking officer in the absence of Karl August Deinhard and was the squadron's commander from 13 August to 10 November. On November 10, 1889, the Carola left for overhaul to Bombay and did not return to Zanzibar until February 17, 1890, where Valette was again in charge of naval operations as Deinhard's representative.
As a result, the Carola continued to participate in the counter-insurgency, shelled Kilwa Kisiwani on March 28 and sent troops ashore between May 1 and 4 to conquer the city. On May 10th, she also supported the conquest of Lindi and returned to Mahé from August 11th to September 17th for another recovery period for the crew. On October 9, she was on site while a memorial was being erected for the soldiers killed at Tanga. On January 13, 1891, Carola was finally released from the association and was recalled to Germany. She left Zanzibar on January 20, 1891 and was welcomed on board the Avisos Greif by Kaiser Wilhelm II on her arrival in Germany .
Later career
Since she was now out of date as a warship, the imperial admiralty decided to convert the Carola into an artillery training ship, as the previous training ship Mars was no longer sufficient for training.
The conversion took place at the Imperial Shipyard in Gdansk . The rigging was removed and the ship was equipped with heavy military masts with platforms for fire fighting. The 15 cm cannons were reinforced with protective shields and new 10.5 cm, 8.8 cm and 5 cm cannons were installed, the torpedo tube was removed. In 1893, Carola returned to the service in her new role and initially worked in the Baltic Sea . She operated either alone, with her tender, the old gunboat Hay , or with the Mars and regularly took part in maneuvers with the rest of the fleet .
In September 1894, the machines were again repaired in the dry dock of the Kiel shipyard . In 1897 she served together with Mars as target ships for the fleet in the North Sea. In 1898 and 1899 the ship continued to be used for shooting training. In September 1899 her rudder was damaged, which made further repairs necessary in Kiel. In 1902 Carola was again overtaken at the Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven . The following year the Naval Artillery School was founded in Sønderborg and Carola was relocated to where she operated in the waters off Als . On January 10, 1905, she was decommissioned and deleted from the sea register. It was sold the next year and scrapped in Hamburg .
The small cruiser SMS Undine took over her function as an artillery training ship in 1906 .
Interesting
Hans Boetticher, alias " Joachim Ringelnatz ", served on this ship in 1904 as a one-year volunteer.
Commanders
| September 1881 - November 1883 | KK / KzS Karcher |
| May 1886 - June 1888 | KK Aschmann |
| June 1888 - March 1889 | KK v. Raven |
| March 1889 - April 1891 | KK / KzS Valette |
| March - May 1893 | KK Brinkmann |
| May - July 1893 | KzS Valette |
| July - October 1893 | KK da Fonseca-Wollheim |
| October 1893 - April 1894 | KK Hellhoff |
| April - September 1894 | KK Goetz |
| April 1894 - March 1896 | KK v. Halfers |
| March 1896 - January 1897 | KK Palmgrên |
| January - March 1897 | KL v. Burski |
| March 1897 - May 1898 | KK / FK Walther |
| May 1898 - March 1899 | KK barley |
| March 1899 - September 1901 | KK / FK angel |
| September 1901 - April 1902 | KK v. Burski |
| May - September 1902 | KL Pindter |
| September 1902 - September 1904 | KK / FK cook |
| October 1904 - January 1905 | KK Scheidt |
literature
- Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 2 : Ship biographies from Baden to Eber . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen 1993, ISBN 978-3-7822-0210-7 , pp. 68–75 (Approved licensed edition Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamburg).
- Robert Gardiner: Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905 . Conway Maritime Press, London, ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5 .
- Gröner, Erich / Dieter Jung / Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945 . tape 1 : Armored ships, ships of the line, battleships, aircraft carriers, cruisers, gunboats . Bernard & Graefe, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7637-4800-8 , p. 72 f .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lawrence Sondhaus: Preparing for Weltpolitik: German Sea Power Before the Tirpitz Era. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-55750-745-7 .
- ↑ Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships. Biographies - a mirror of marine history from 1815 to the present day Mundus Verlag, Ratingen 1993, ISBN 978-3-78220-210-7 , p. 172.
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