Schlotheim (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Schlotheim

Schlotheim is a Thuringian nobility family . The dynasts , free territorial lords , trespassers of the Landgraviate of Thuringia, counts , barons and lords of Schlotheim had their headquarters in Schlotheim near Mühlhausen in Thuringia . From the 12th to the 14th century you were the landgraves of Thuringia , who were also counts palatine of Saxony .

history

origin

Castle moat in Schlotheim
Gray castle in Mihla
In 1267 the Truchseß Berthold von Schlotheim documented it at Straussberg Castle

The gentlemen von Schlotheim were a wealthy, noble noble family, documentedly resident in Schlotheim and Mihla since 1130 , whose origins can be traced back to older Warnisch - Saxon origins due to the connection between Elbe Germanic princely scissor graves and the original use of the scissors coat of arms . Since the early Middle Ages, they have played a key role in the dynastic conflicts over Thuringia between Franconia and Saxony.

Schlotheim, a former Thuringian royal seat, first mentioned in a document in 876, was the subject of a donation from Emperor Otto II to his wife Theophanu of Byzantium in 992 , who gave it to the Fulda Monastery a year later . 1130 Wichmann of Schlotheim as witnessed an in was Mainz issued foundation document with respect to the on Reichsburg Henry IV. Incurred convent Volkenroda mentioned. In 1170 the Fulda Monastery confirmed the possession of Schlotheim by the noble Thuringian noble family, who settled on the site of this former Thuringian royal seat with their own castle (remains can still be found in the moat and castle cellar) and called themselves Lords of Schlotheim.

After the imperially sponsored rise to power of the Counts of Rieneck in Thuringia, the later Ludowingers , the Schlotheim entered into close relationships with this later Thuringian Landgrave House and expanded their possessions and their position of power in Thuringia. In 1178, the Ludowinger landgraves were given the right to balance their power and also to confirm their own prince dignity, to maintain four court offices, which were inherited by the Lords of Schlotheim as treasurer , the Lords of Fahner as treasurers , the Lords of Ebersberg as marshals and the Lords of Vargula were given as gifts . From now on, the member of the family of the gentlemen von Schlotheim, who was designated as a Truchsess, called himself Dapifer de Slatheim . The other family members continued to call themselves Lords von Schlotheim and / or Mihla, but participated in the dignity reserved for the higher nobility, with which they were involved in the disputes of the European dynasties via the powerful Landgraves of Thuringia.

They were involved in the election of Hermann von Salza as Grand Master of the German Order of Knights and subsequently appointed numerous knights. Between 1220 and 1228, Hermann I, Truchsess von Schlotheim, appeared several times as a close confidante of Landgrave Ludwig IV (1216-1228), with whom he took part in a legation to the papal chair in Rome in 1225 and accompanied the Landgrave in 1227/1228 the crusade of Emperor Frederick II to Palestine, where he probably perished. The body of Landgrave Ludwig IV, who also died on the crusade, was transferred to Eisenach and given to his wife Elisabeth the Holy .

The lineage of the Schlotheim Truchsessen family was highly respected and wealthy at the time of the Ludowinger Landgraves. They dedicated important foundations to pious purposes and founded, for example, the Magdalen convent in Schlotheim. At times they had 28 knightly vassals, exercised the right to mint and appointed a bishop in 1280, which at that time was reserved exclusively for the nobility.

Descent and reassignment

With the extinction of the Ludowingers in the person of Heinrich Raspe IV , who had already been elected German king ("Pfaffenkönig") , the position of the Truchsess in Thuringia was weakened. While they were still able to contribute significantly to the territorial maintenance of the Landgraviate of Thuringia within the boundaries of today's Free State in the dispute with Sophie von Brabant (daughter of St. Elisabeth) under the Wettin Heinrich the Illustrious , the fight between King Adolf of Nassau and King Rudolf did it Economically almost ruined by Habsburg and Landgrave Albrecht (the degenerate) on the one hand and his sons Friedrich the Freidigen and Diezmann on the other. After the destruction of the castle and town of Schlotheim by Adolf von Nassau in 1294/1295, the gentlemen of Schlotheim left their headquarters, moved to Allmenhausen Castle near Schlotheim and were forced to sell numerous goods in Thuringia without going under completely.

Rittergut Allmenhausen (in the background)

The family of Lords and Truchsesse, later Barons von Schlotheim, which still exists today, had its headquarters in Allmenhausen in Thuringia from around 1342 until the 18th century. According to the Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility , the first reliably verifiable member of the sex is the knight Syffied von Slatheim , who first appeared in a document on October 16, 1359. The consistently secured line of the family begins with Kersten von Slaytheym , Count of Schwarzburg Landvogt on Klingen, Groß-Ballhausen and Straussfurt , who is mentioned in documents between 1390 and 1426.

At the beginning of the 14th century there are still 16 male members of the von Schlotheim family in one generation on various estates and in allodial possession on Allmenhausen. The importance of the Landgraviate of Thuringia under the Wettin Friedrich the Freidigen and his descendants and thus the dignity of the Truchessen for Thuringia faded in favor of the Saxon territories of the Wettins and the strengthened counties and free imperial cities within Thuringia. As a result, the gentlemen von Schlotheim (divided into the lines Slune and Surezzig) initially held corresponding offices with the Wettin Landgraves. After that, however, they finally gave up large parts of their possessions, including the rule of Schlotheim, and at times became feudal people of the Counts of Schwarzburg for Allmenhausen, until the Wettin family regained the old connection between the Lords and Truchsess von Schlotheim and the Landgraviate of Thuringia and thus also towards the later Wettiner Thuringian Landgraves recognized and the feudal lordship renewed among other things over Auleben and Uthleben , which the family owned at the same time next to Allmenhausen . Numerous members of the family of the lords and later barons von Schlotheim were high administrative officials and scientists as well as well-known officers in the Wettin and later also in the Prussian service until modern times.

Counts and barons of Schlotheim

  • Recognition diploma of the old baron class of the family from April 15, 1788 from Landgrave Wilhelm IX. von Hessen-Kassel for the brothers Gottlieb Christian and Ernst Wilhelm von Schlotheim, sons of the Lieutenant General and Governor of Kassel Baron Carl Wilhelm Salomo von Schlotheim and brothers of the Landgrave's mistress , based on the proven descent from ancient free territorial lords, which diploma later , on November 5, 1812, was recognized by King Hieronymus von Westphalen .
  • In 1866 all the lords of Schlotheim were confirmed as barons by royal Prussian and royal Saxon decrees.
  • Count's diploma dated May 9, 1811 for Friedrich Wilhelm von Schlotheim, kuk chamberlain and colonel with Prince Schwarzenbergs Ulanen (later field marshal-lieutenant), in consideration of his former baronial origins and as a reward for his personal services.

The diplomas of recognition of the old barons from the Landgrave of Hesse on April 15, 1788, from Jérôme Bonaparte, brother of Emperor Napoleon, as King of Westphalia on November 5, 1812, and the Count's diploma from the Emperor of Austria on May 9, 1811 - as well as the Prussian confirmations of the baron class - also based on the proven descent of ancient territorial lords or in consideration of the former barons' descent from Schlotheim and their past as truchess of the Landgraviate of Thuringia at the time of the Ludowingers and later the Wettins.

Extract from the New General German Adels Lexicon

"Schlotheim - one of the oldest and most famous Thuringian aristocratic families, which was already in 1130 in such respect that, as earlier historians assumed and, as has recently and now been accepted several times, Emperor Lothar bestowed the then so powerful heir-chief truchess office of the Landgraviate of Thuringia to then surround the landgrave with greater power and glory. But it should not be unmentioned that researchers of the modern age and among them also Freiherr von Ledebur, the former hereditary deity of this name, tribal comrades of the von Hagen with the sheep shears and the beam splitting, consider a different sex.

The von Schlotheim family owns a collection of documents about their circumstances from the period from 1178 to the end of the 14th century, which is rarely found in such perfection. The same provides the evidence that the free lords of Schlotheim were territorial lords in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries and owned the Schlotheim rule in Thuringia until 1330; that in the 12th century they called themselves Counts of Schlotheim; that during the period from 1244 to the end of the 13th century, twenty-eight named Thuringian knightly families, some of which are still in bloom, were their vassals; that since 1242 they have been exercising the right to seal and the right to issue documents for others in an extensive manner and that in 1290 they had the right to coin with the other regalia and in 1293 also the high jurisdiction. The lords of Schlotheim wrote to themselves from the grace of God in Schlotheim from 1288 and later frequently and from other sources they were assigned the predicate that only belongs to the high nobility. The Erbobertruchsesse were among the most loyal followers of Friedrich and Diezmann in the long wars that they waged with their father, Albrecht the Degenerate, but during the feuds the Schlotheim rule with the castles was so often devastated by the enemy that the owners left the Ranks of the territorial lords had to retire: they sold the Schlotheim rule to the Counts of Hohnstein in 1330.

Even after this turn of fortune, the hereditary dignitaries from Schlotheim belonged to the wealthiest and most respected families in Thuringia for five centuries. They owned the estates of Allmenhausen, Kutzleben, Stuffert, Westerengel, Straussfurth, Tennstedt, Heringen, Stedten (Stöten), Auleben, Uthleben and Bollenhausen and, according to the manuscripts of von Lingen and Valentin König, always lived in a middle class between the counts and the lower nobility. A document from 1454 still mentions members of the family at that time, in addition to the Counts of Schwarzburg, Stolberg, Mansfeld, Beichlingen and Hohnstein, 'real and right free creators of Thuringia'. "

coat of arms

The family coat of arms (oldest surviving seal from 1359) shows an overturned black shield in silver. A natural peacock feather on the helmet with black and silver helmet covers .

The coat of arms of the white line shows a three-pinned black castle wall in silver. A natural peacock frond on the helmet with black and silver covers.

The original use of the Truchsessen coat of arms (two black sheep's claws on a golden background) (see also Elbe Germanic / Warnic scissor graves up to 500 AD) was later supplemented or replaced by other forms of coat of arms. The coat of arms used today is a blue or black heart shield on silver, black or blue with a silver edge, which is intended to remind of the Truchsessenschüssel or a Saxon ducal dignity that existed in the early Middle Ages.

Minting your own coins

There is evidence that the Lords of Schlotheim minted coins with their coat of arms. In the Coin Cabinet of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin there are coins from the year 1250 belonging to the Lords of Schlotheim with the depiction of their old sheep shear coat of arms on a shield, carried by a crowned rider with a flag and the imperial orb. On June 1, 1290 Albert Landgraf von Thuringia testifies to the settlement concluded between the Lords of Schlotheim and the Council of Mühlhausen, according to which the former undertake not to put an imperial eagle, a royal crown or a so-called mill iron on their coins. On the side of the gentlemen von Schlotheim, the document names: Günther, Anno, Heino, Friedrich and Günther and Kunemund.

Occurrence in the legend, in the mythology, in the novel and in the theater

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  • In the German mythology of the jurist and literary scholar Jakob Grimm from 1835, the Erbtruchsess von Schlotheim against the later Thuringian Wettin landgrave, as heir of the Ludowingers, is quoted as follows in the first chapter, as Schlotheim turns against Sophie von Brabant's claim to inheritance in Thuringia and thus reaches it And the credit goes to the fact that the Thuringian part of the Landgraviate of Thuringia was preserved and did not come to the House of Brabant or thus to Hesse: “The inheritance of Schlotheim is said to have said: you would be with one foot in heaven and the other on the Wartburg , you would rather be able to move that one away than this. ”Both of today's federal states, Thuringia and Hesse, still carry the coat of arms of the Ludovingian Landgraves of Thuringia as coat of arms (the colorful lions), whose truchess the Lords of Schlotheim were.
  • In the German book of legends by Ludwig Bechstein from 1853, the most detailed account of the legend can be found under the title Sophias Handschuh : “When Landgrave Ludwig died on the journey to the Holy Land, Saint Elisabeth with her children was shamefully from the Wartburg by her brother-in-law Heinrich Raspe was expelled, for which no blessing blossomed, because he remained without heirs of three wives, and when he too was there, a great dispute arose over the Thuringian and Hesse regions. St. Elizabeth's eldest daughter, Sophia, had married a Duke of Brabant, had a son from him, but was already a widow; which made fair claims for her young son to her mother's inheritance. But a sister of St. Ludwig and Heinrich Raspes, Jutta, had Heinrich the Illustrious, Margrave of Meissen, who had already taken possession of the Thuringian region for himself and his heirs. Sophia moved to the Hesse region and gained a powerful following; In addition, there was the imperialless period when things went wildly confused, especially in Thuringia. A settlement day was scheduled at Eisenach, on which Heinrich and Sophia appeared in person and both sides were inclined to agree that the future emperor should decide the dispute as to whether the son of the daughter or the son of the sister of the Thuringian landgrave had more rights to the inheritance: Marshal Helwig von Schlotheim and some other Thuringian nobles said to Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious: Lord, don't promise too much! If you were standing with one foot in heaven and the other on the Wartburg, you would have to pull the one out of heaven and join the one on the Wartburg. Heinrich then withdrew to consider the matter, and afterwards he swore his right to Thuringia on a rib of St. Elisabeth along with twenty ecclesiastics. Then the Duchess of Brabant wept tears of anger, took off her glove and tossed it high into the air and cried: Accept, you enemy of all justice, you, devil, I mean, take this glove, and all of the false advisers ! And the glove did not fall out of the air again, and none of those counselors and compatriots are said to have died a good death because they profaned the sacred bone and swore such an oath. And now a hopeless war broke out that ruined all of Thuringia. Once the Duchess of Brabant wanted to go back to Eisenach, but the gate was not opened for her, so she took a splitting ax and cut a couple of chimneys into the oak wood in the Georgentor that they could still be seen after two hundred years. In this war, Margrave Heinrich destroyed the Mittelstein, the beautiful old castle of the Frankensteiners, and other castles around the Wartburg and left a loyal legal adviser called Heinrich Velsbach, who was stubbornly opposed to him and which he got under his power, to mediate hurling a large projectile through the air down to Eisenach. When this man from the Blide was discovered, he screamed audibly so that everyone could hear: Thuringia belongs to the child of Brabant! The war lasted nine years, and finally, what one could have agreed on without war, the country was divided into Thuringia and Hesse, which Hermann, the son of Sophias, the child of Brabant, was assigned to, and thus became the first Landgrave of Hesse and first ancestor of all Hesse princes. Heinrich the Illustrious, however, had several sons, so he kept the Margraviate of Meissen for himself and his younger son Dietrich and gave the Landgraviate of Thuringia to his eldest son Albrecht. "
  • Another identical description of the story can be found in the book Deutsche Sagen by the Brothers Grimm from 1816 in the legend of Frau Sophiens Handschuh : “When Sophia came to Hesse with her three-year-old son from Brabant, she moved to Eisenach and kept up one language Heinrich, Margrave of Meissen, for giving her back the Land of Hesse. Then the prince replied: "Gladly, dearest cousin, you and your son are not sure about my faithful hand." As he was talking, his marshal Helwig von Schlotheim and his brother Hermann came and pulled him back and said: "Lord, what do you want to do? And if it were possible that you had one foot in heaven and the other in Wartburg: it would be much easier for you to pull that one out of heaven and join the one on Wartburg! "So the prince turned back to Sophia and said:" Dear cousin, I have to think about these things and have advice from my loyal followers ”, so he parted with her without complying with her right. Then the landgrave was saddened, wept bitterly, and pulled the glove from her hand and cried: "O you enemy of all justice, I mean you, devil! Take the glove with the wrong advisers! ”Tossed him into the air. Then the glove was taken away and never seen again. Also these councilors should not have died a good death afterwards. "
  • In the knight novel The Tournament to Nordhausen in 1263 by Carl-Gottlob Cramer from 1795 there is a fictional character Thilo von Schlotheim .
  • In 1887, Ehrenfried Springsguth published his novel Littegarde von Schlotheim - A true story about the edification from the middle ages with the title-giving main character Littegarde von Schlotheim.
  • The play written as a play Die Waffenruhe in Thüringen from the year 1802 by the theater writer of the Alt-Wiener Volkstheater Karl Friedrich Hensler also includes a Thilo von Schlotheim , lord of the castle in Schlotheim, as one of his main characters.
  • Friedrich Lienhard had Landgrave Ludwig of Thuringia on the Wartburg speak the following words in his drama Die Heilige Elisabeth from 1906 to his followers (among them Truchseß Hermann von Schlotheim): “Thank you! Thanks all of you! Count of Brandenburg, Count Meinhard von Mühlberg, Hartmann von Heldrungen, Count Heinrich Stolberg, Truchseß Hermann von Schlotheim, Dietrich von Seebach - all of you good names, who will name you who bravely dare to take the exit today? - You are in God's chronicle! But you, my people, do not worry that I leave you carelessly! I have carefully considered your well-being. The emperor and the church call the Lord of the Wartburg - he obeys. (Pointing to Heinrich Raspe) As long as I am away, my brother Heinrich will be the Lord of the Wartburg, to whom you submit. (He waves to Raspe, who comes closer) Swear to me, Heinrich, as the knights swore! Swear that you will faithfully guard my entrusted things: my country, my house, my wife and these children whom God gave us! "
  • In the 1912 novel by Paul Schreckenbach Um die Wartburg , Friedrich von Schlotheim and his brother appear as faithful Friedrich the Freidigen, the Margrave of Meißen, the Landgrave of Thuringia and the grandson (in the maternal line) Emperor Friedrich II von Hohenstaufen.
  • A Gunther Truchsess von Schlotheim finds its way into the novel Blood and Silver by Sabine Ebert from 2009 as a fictional character.
  • The Mühlhausen writer and doctor Yvonne Bauer, in her historical novel Marienglut: Historischer Mühlhausen-Novel Volume 2 , published in 2016, lets the Truchsess of the Landgraviate of Thuringia Berthold von Schlotheim, a Kunemund von Mihla as brother of the Truchsessen Berthold von Schlotheim, a Wetzel von Mihla as the son of Kunmund von Mihla, Gunter Surezzig von Schlotheim appear as the son of the head chef Berthold von Schlotheim and Adelheid von Schlotheim as the wife of Gunter.

Personalities

literature

  • Reinhardt Butz, Rule and Power - Basic Components of a Court Model? Reflections on the function and mode of operation of early royal courts using the example of the Landgraves of Thuringia from the Ludowingian house, in: Literature and Power in Medieval Thuringia; Edited by Ernst Hellgardt, Stephan Müler and Peter Strohschneider, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2002.
  • Otto Dobencker : Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae, Vol. 1–4, Jena 1896–1939.
  • Karl Hermann Funkhänel : About the Lords of Schlotheim as the former hereditary dean of the Landgraves of Thuringia. In: ZVThürGA 3, Jena 1857/59, pp. 1-20 digitized
  • Karl Hermann Funkhänel: On the history of old noble families in Thuringia. 1. Addendum to the treatise on the Lords of Schlotheim as the former hereditary dean of the Landgraves of Thuringia In: ZVThürGA 3, 1857/59, pp. 187–194
  • Karl Aue: On the history of the lords of Schlotheim and von Almenhausen In: ZVThürGA 3, 1857/59, pp. 201-210
  • Friedrich Apfelstedt : Note on the coat of arms of the Lords of Schlotheim In: ZVThürGA 3, 1857/59, pp. 224–225
  • Karl Hermann Funkhänel: Another note about the coat of arms of the Lords of Schlotheim In: ZVThürGA 3, 1857/59, pp. 363–364
  • Karl Hermann Funkhänel: On the history of old noble families in Thuringia. 6. Marshall of Schlotheim? In: ZVThürGA 4, 1860/61, p. 184
  • Karl Herquet : Document book of the formerly free imperial city of Mühlhausen in Thuringia, with the assistance of Dr juris W. Schweinberg, City Councilor of Mühlhausen. Published by the municipal authorities of the city of Mühlhausen. With 10 sealing plates. Halle, publisher of the orphanage bookstore, 1874.
  • Johannes Rogalla von Bieberstein : Aristocratic rule and aristocratic culture in Germany . Frankfurt a. M., 3rd edition
  • Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrliche Häuser, Part A, 92nd year, 1942, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1942.
  • Genealogical manual of the nobility , Adelslexikon Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series, Starke Verlag , Limburg (Lahn) 2001, ISSN  0435-2408
  • Hans Patze : The emergence of sovereignty in Thuringia , part 1, Böhlau, 1962, pages 328–332
  • Gerhard Mildenberger, Hans Patze : Schlotheim. In: Hans Patze, Peter Aufgebauer (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 9: Thuringia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 313). 2nd, improved and supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-520-31302-2 .
  • Family tree of the Schneidewind family, created by Gerhard Hund
  • Wilfried Warsitzka, Die Thüringer Landgrafen, Verlag Dr Bussert & Stadeler, Jena 2004.
  • Jürgen Wild, A court judgment of June 1, 1290 and the bracteates of the Lords of Schlotheim, in: Contributions to the 6th Austrian Numismatics Day, Hall in Tirol, 14. – 16. May 2014, Haller Münzblätter Volume VIII - March 2015, p. 179ff.
  • Heinrich Buchenau , Bracteates of the Lords of Schlotheim, Blätter für Münzfreunde 40, 1905, pp. 3324–3326.
  • Jürgen Wild, The Schlotheim coinage with scissors coats of arms of the leased archbishopric Mainz mint Mihla, Yearbook of the Society for Thuringian Coin and Medal Studies 19, 2013, 4 Fig. 7.
  • Heinrich Buchenau : The bracteate find from Effelder in 1876. Appendix: Bracteates from the Lords of Schlotheim, Buchenau, Heinrich: (1905–1906) - In: Mühlhäuser Geschichtsblätter Vol. 6 (1905/06) pp. 1–11.
  • Numismatic newspaper, No. 10, Weißensee in Thuringia, tenth year, December 1843, p. 201 and 202.
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses to the year 1856. Sixth year, S.603ff

Web links

Commons : Schlotheim family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The origin of the Ludowingers is controversial
  2. ^ Erfurt Cathedral Archives, Document 614
  3. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon ; 1867, pp. 223/224)
  4. ↑ Blazon from Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume XII, Volume 125 of the complete series
  5. ^ Heinrich Buchenau: Bracteates of the gentlemen of Schlotheim sheets for coin friends 40, 1905, 3324–3326; Jürgen Wild: The Schlotheim coinage with scissors coats of arms of the leased archbishopric Mainz mint Mihla , yearbook of the Society for Thuringian Coin and Medal Studies 19, 2013, 4 Fig. 7; Heinrich Buchenau: The bracteate find from Effelder in 1876. Appendix: Bracteates from the Lords of Schlotheim, Buchenau, Heinrich: (1905–1906) - In: Mühlhäuser Geschichtsblätter Vol. 6 (1905/06) pp. 1–11; Numismatic newspaper, No. 10, Weißensee in Thuringia, tenth year, December 1843, p. 201 and 202 .; online .
  6. ↑ Karl Herquet: Urkundenbuch the formerly free imperial city of Muehlhausen in Thuringia , with the participation of Dr.juris W. Schweineberg, city council to Mulhouse. Published by the municipal authorities of the city of Mühlhausen. With 10 sealing plates. Halle, Verlag der Buchhandlung des orphanage, 1874, p. 150 u. 151, Document No. 362 (dated June 1, 1290) .; see. also Jürgen Wild: A court judgment of June 1, 1290 and the bracteates of the Lords of Schlotheim. In: Contributions to the 6th Austrian Numismatics Day, Hall in Tirol, 14. – 16. May 2014, Haller Münzblätter Volume VIII - March 2015, p. 179ff.
  7. ↑ Karl Herquet: Urkundenbuch the formerly free imperial city of Muehlhausen in Thuringia , with the participation of Dr.juris W. Schweineberg, city council to Mulhouse. Published by the municipal authorities of the city of Mühlhausen. With 10 sealing plates. Halle, Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, 1874, p. 151, document no. 362 (from June 1, 1290).
  8. ^ Brothers Grimm: German Mythology - Chapter 1 In: projekt-gutenberg.org .
  9. ↑ Ludwig Bechstein: German Book of Sages - Chapter 469 In: projekt-gutenberg.org .
  10. ^ Brothers Grimm: German Legends - Chapter 566 In: projekt-gutenberg.org .
  11. ↑ Carl-Gottlob Cramer: The tournament at North House in 1263 , Hermsdorf and Anton, Görlitz 1795
  12. ↑ Ehrenfried Springsguth: Littegarde of Schlotheim. A true story of edification from the middle ages. Jacobäersche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1887, ( digitized version )
  13. ^ Karl Friedrich Hensler: The ceasefire in Thuringia. A play with singing ... based on the story by Karl Friedrich Hensler. The music is by Ferdinand Kauer . printed by Matthias Andreas Schmidt, KK Hofdruckerei Vienna, 1802, p. 14 ( Preview in Google Book Search).
  14. ↑ Friedrich Lienhard: The Holy Elisabeth , Greiner & Pfeiffer, Fourth Edition, 1918 - Chapter 4, Second Act, Second Scene, Castle Courtyard of the Wartburg, ( online )
  15. ^ Paul Schreckenbach: To the Wartburg , L. Staackmann Verlag, Leipzig 1912, chapters 1,6,10,15,20,21,23; ( online )
  16. ↑ Sabine Ebert: Blood and Silver (Roman), Droemer Knaur, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-426-66288-5
  17. ^ Yvonne Bauer: Marienglut: Historischer Mühlhausen-Roman Volume 2 , 2016, p. 9.
  18. ↑ Reinhardt Butz: Rule and Power - Basic Components of a Court Model? Considerations on the function and mode of operation of early royal courts using the example of the Landgraves of Thuringia from the Ludowingian house, literature and power in Medieval Thuringia; Edited by Ernst Hellgardt, Stephan Müler and Peter Strohschneider, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2002, p. 66 .; The emergence of sovereignty in Thuringia, BD. 1 (Central German Research 22) Cologne, Graz, 1962, p. 328
  19. ↑ Reinhardt Butz: Rule and Power - Basic Components of a Court Model? Considerations on the function and mode of operation of early royal courts using the example of the Landgraves of Thuringia from the Ludowingian house, in: Literature and Power in Medieval Thuringia; Edited by Ernst Hellgardt, Stephan Müler and Peter Strohschneider, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2002, p 66.
  20. ↑ Dobencker, Regesta, vol. 3, documents no. 2946, 3010, 3011, 3087. in Otto Dobenecker: Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae, vol. 1–4, Jena 1896–1939
  21. ^ The Thuringian Landgraves, Wilfried Warsitzka, Verlag Dr Bussert & Stadeler 2004, pp. 203, 238
  22. ↑ Reinhardt Butz, Rule and Power - Basic Components of a Court Model? Considerations on the function and mode of operation of early royal courts using the example of the Landgraves of Thuringia from the Ludowingian house, in: Literature and Power in Medieval Thuringia; Edited by Ernst Hellgardt, Stephan Müler and Peter Strohschneider, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2002, p 66: CDS I / 2, No. 569.
  23. ↑ Reinhardt Butz, Rule and Power - Basic Components of a Court Model? Reflections on the function and mode of operation of early royal courts using the example of the Landgraves of Thuringia from the Ludowingian house, in: Literature and Power in Medieval Thuringia; Edited by Ernst Hellgardt, Stephan Müler and Peter Strohschneider, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2002, p . 66 .; Dobencker II, No. 562
  24. ^ The Thuringian Landgraves, Wilfried Warsitzka, Verlag Dr Bussert & Stadeler 2004, pp. 203, 238.
  25. ↑ Master list of Tannroda mwN see there: Noble database of the University of Erlangen
  26. ^ The Thuringian Landgraves, Wilfried Warsitzka, Verlag Dr Bussert & Stadeler 2004, p. 160.
  27. ^ Dobencker, Regesta, vol. 3, documents no. 1062. in Otto Dobencker: Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae, vol. 1–4, Jena 1896–1939; Reinhardt Butz, Rule and Power - Basic Components of a Court Model? Reflections on the function and mode of operation of early royal courts using the example of the Landgraves of Thuringia from the Ludowingian house, in: Literature and Power in Medieval Thuringia; Edited by Ernst Hellgardt, Stephan Müler and Peter Strohschneider, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Weimar, Vienna 2002, p 67.
  28. ^ Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrlichen Häuser, Part A, 92nd year, 1942, Verlag Justus Perthes, Gotha 1942. P. 457.
  29. ^ Family tree of the Schneidewind family , created by Gerhard Hund on TeleSchach