Smęcino
| Smęcino | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | West Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Białogard | ||
| Gmina : | Tychowo | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 57 ' N , 16 ° 25' E | ||
| Residents : | 150 | ||
| Postal code : | 78-220 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 94 | ||
| License plate : | ZBI | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Next international airport : |
Szczecin-Goleniów Gdansk |
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Smęcino (German Schmenzin ) is a village in the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It belongs to the municipality of Tychowo ( Groß Tychow ) in the Białogard ( Belgard ) district.
Geographical location
Smęcino ( Schmenzin ) is located 30 kilometers southeast of Białogard and can be reached via the Voivodeship Road No. 169 (Białogard) - Byszyno ( Boissin ) - Bobolice ( Bublitz ), which leads from Tychowo . The nearest train station is Tychowo on the Szczecinek – Kołobrzeg railway line, twelve kilometers away.
The eastern border of Smęcino is at the same time the border with the Koszalin ( Köslin ) district, and the southern edge of the village is identical to the border with the Szczecinek ( Neustettin ) district.
history
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Schmenzin is an old Kleistian fief . In the past it consisted of desolate, impenetrable jungle that was only gradually cleared. The first settler families settled here at the beginning of the 17th century.
In this context, the farm of a Reimer von Kleist was reported for the first time . The then feudal families Kleist and Versen cleared further forest areas and had them settled. In 1733 the von Kleist family were the sole owners and continued the reclamation until 1866. Around 1780 Schmenzin had two farms, a sheep farm, a windmill, seven farmers, two cottages, an inn, a blacksmith's shop, a schoolmaster, a lumberjack and, on the field of the village, the Friedeichshof farm and some cottages with a total of 35 fireplaces (households) . This made Schmenzin the largest manor in the Belgard district .
In the middle of the 19th century there was a school building, 46 residential buildings, 4 factory buildings, 82 farm buildings with 544 inhabitants in addition to the manor house in Schmenzin.
In 1928 the Dimkuhlen manor district was incorporated. In addition to Schmenzin, there were the twelve named residential areas Dammhof, Dimkuhlen , Düppel, Forsthaus Schmenzin , Geitberg, Groß Freienstein, Hopfenberg , Hüttenhof, Lindenhoff, Posthaus, Wilhelmshöhe and Ziegelei. In 1931 the municipal area covered an area of stately 3,650.1 hectares . In 1939 a total of 726 inhabitants lived in the municipality, 587 of whom worked in agriculture and forestry, 37 in industry and crafts and 13 in trade and transport. In the village itself there was a distillery and a sawmill, while the craftsmen were all good-natured.
Schmenzin belonged to the district court district of Belgard until 1945 , the police duties were incumbent on the Oberlandjäger from Warnin . The last German council chairman until the end of the war was Mayor Schneider.
Towards the end of the Second World War , Schmenzin was occupied by Soviet troops in early March 1945 without a fight . Several residents were shot for no apparent reason, including the estate inspector with his daughter, the coachman and the manor of the estate.
Then Schmenzin was placed under Polish administration and renamed Smęcino . Afterwards, the native German population was expelled from their village by Poles who immigrated after the war because of the so-called Bierut decrees . The village is now part of the Gmina Tychowo in the powiat Białogardzki .
Development of the population
- 1867: 544
- 1933: 657
- 1939: 726
Schmenzin district
Schmenzin belonged to the district of Belgard (Persante) until 1945 and formed with Kowalk (Kowalki) the administrative district of Schmenzin.
Registry office district Schmenzin
Kowalk (Kowalki) and Schmenzin together also formed the registry office district Schmenzin.
Parish of Schmenzin
Parish
Until 1905 the parish of Schmenzin with Kowalk (Kowalki) was parish in the parish Naseband (Nosibądy). It belonged to the Belgard parish in the church province of Pomerania of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union . On April 1, 1905, Schmenzin received its own parish office, albeit with the parish seat in Hopfenberg (Chmielno).
In 1940 the parish numbered 820 parishioners. The last church patronage was the manor Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin . The pastor's post had not been occupied since 1929 and was administered by neighboring pastors.
Today Smęcino belongs to the parish Koszalin ( Köslin ) in the diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland of the Polish Evangelical-Augsburg Church .
Village church
The Schmenziner Church was a half-timbered building with a bell tower from 1735. In the years 1862 to 1865 it was demolished and a new one was built on the edge of the forest. In 1927 the church received a new interior painting. In 1960 the church was then torn down because it was in disrepair.
The smaller of the two bells had to be delivered in the First World War , and the larger - from 1824 - in the Second World War . But she was spared the fate of being melted down for ammunition purposes: She survived the war in the bell cemetery in Hamburg and today rings the bell in the church of a Protestant parish in Remscheid .
Pastor 1905–1945
- Albert August Hermann Müller, 1905–1911
- Martin Lüpke, 1911–1929
- Vacancy representative Karl Heinrich Reimer from Naseband (Nosibądy), 1929–1933
- Vacancy representative Hans Lübke from Grünewald (Mieszałki), 1933–1945
lock
The Schmenziner Castle was built between 1854 and 1856 as a manor under Theodor von Kleist .
Personalities of the place
- Andreas Joachim von Kleist (* 1678 in Schmenzin) was a royal Prussian colonel and 1736–1738 owner of Infantry Regiment No. 14
- Ewald von Kleist-Schmenzin (* 1890 in Dubberow , Belgard / Pomerania district) lived in Schmenzin as an estate manager from 1918, was a committed member of the Confessing Church and an active resistance fighter against National Socialism . He was in on April 9, 1945 Plötzensee executed
- Ewald-Heinrich von Kleist-Schmenzin (1922–2013), born in Schmenzin, was a Wehrmacht officer and - like his father - a committed resistance fighter in the Third Reich.
literature
- Belgard-Schivelbein home district committee (ed.): The Belgard district. From the story of a Pomeranian home district. Belgard-Schivelbein home district committee, Celle 1989.
- Müller, Ernst, The Evangelical Clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the Present , Part II: The Köslin District , Stettin 1912.
- Johannes Hinz: Pomerania. Dictionary. Würzburg 2001, ISBN 3-88189-394-6 .
Web links
- On the local history of Schmenzin
- Material on the Schmenzin manor (PDF; 216 kB) in the Duncker collection of the Central and State Library Berlin
Footnotes
- ^ A b Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen . Part III, Volume 1, Anklam 1867, pp. 861-864.
- ↑ Ludwig Wilhelm Brüggemann : Detailed description of the current state of the Königl. Prussian Duchy of Western and Western Pomerania . Teilk II, Volume 2, Stettin 1784, pp. 669-670, No. 67.
- ^ Community of Schmenzin in the Pomeranian information system.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. belgard.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).