St. Jacobi (Nauen)
St. Jacobi is the Protestant town church in Nauen in Havelland the country Brandenburg . The patronage rests with James the Elder . The church belongs to the parish of Nauen Rathenow- the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Oberlausitz (EKBO)
location
The building stands in the center of the city. To the north is Martin-Luther-Platz, which is bordered by two streets with the same name, which lead past the building to the west and east. To the south, Kirchstrasse leads past the building. It stands on a surface that is not fenced in .
history
12th to 17th centuries
So far, there is no reliable data on the early phase of building history. The Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and the State Archaeological Museum (BLDAM) is accordingly cautious and speaks of a building that was built in the first half of the 15th century. At the same time, the BLDAM states that the church tower dates from the first half of the 12th century. The work of a pastor Hermann has been handed down from this time. The Dehio manual speaks of a late Gothic building and points out that the building may have been built on a previous building. This is supported by the fact that Nauen was first mentioned in a document as early as 1186 and received city rights as early as 1292. In 1305 the church patronage lay with the cathedral chapter of Brandenburg . From the year 1375 the existence of a chapel St. Nikolai , 1390 a church of our dear women there in Nauen is handed down, the location of which has not yet been determined. The Dehio manual suspects that the tower substructure comes from a founding church from the mid-12th century. A stone staircase , which begins at a height of six meters above the ground in the tower substructure, allows the conclusion that it could have been a transverse rectangular defense tower. The walls are also comparatively strong at 2.5 meters. Numerous altar structures are documented from the first third of the 14th century . This could indicate that the basic shape of the three-aisled hall church that still existed in the 21st century was created during this time . There is evidence of a Katharinen altar from 1331 and an altar from the poor guild from 1344. The financial means are likely to come to a large extent from the St. Marien branch church in neighboring Neukammer , which from 1358 developed into a place of pilgrimage for the veneration of the painful mother and attracted numerous pilgrims. Nauen benefited in the 14th century from the incorporation of the previously independent community, whose residents died of the plague in 1348 . The magistrate in Nauen henceforth argued with the cathedral chapter of Brandenburg about who was entitled to the offerings. With the help of Ludwig II , the magistrate prevailed, whereupon the cathedral chapter declared the veneration of Mary ended. In 1359 the church patron dedicated an altar to John the Baptist , and six years later two more altars to Peter and Paul . In total, there were up to 17 side altars in the building in addition to the high altar before the Reformation . In 1414 a city fire caused damage to the vaulted ceilings of the church, which were then renewed. It is conceivable that the choir , which can be dated to the second half of the 15th century, was also created at this time . On May 14, 1514 and in the Thirty Years War on April 26, 1626, further fires destroyed the interior. The first Lutheran service took place in 1539 under the direction of Pastor Georg Rinow. In another big city fire on May 14, 1695, the entire interior fell victim to the flames. The heat was so great that the bricks in the church tower were sintered at the level of the bell chamber . The traces can still be seen in the 21st century. The community thereupon commissioned the master carpenter Hanß Cratz from Seegefeld on September 19, 1697 to erect a new roof structure . He completed the work two years later, but reduced the height of the tower. In 1699 Daniel Schultze cast a small bronze bell in Berlin .
18th century
The two-storey west gallery was built in 1701. On July 1, 1701, Christo Schneider was commissioned to repair the tower shaft, whereupon the church tower received a Welsche dome with a lantern by August 22, 1702 . On February 27, 1707, the parish commissioned Schneider and Georg Vogele to repair the vaults, which was completed in 1708. In 1719 the west gallery was painted in color. In 1733, craftsmen built a church tower clock with four dials into the lantern. In 1742, craftsmen extended the galleries into the side aisles and the ambulatory; in the same year they added further twin windows below the tracery windows , which - like the large windows - were given their 21st century neo-Gothic shape in 1875. They framed the profiled eaves and the tracery windows with yellow shaped stones . The lower tower hood was covered with slate , which replaced the previous, easily inflammable wooden shingles .
In 1753, an officer fired a rifle shot at the turret bullet that pierced it. The tower ball was removed, repaired and gilded on the occasion . In 1785, experts found cracks in the vaults caused by movements of the outer walls. They got out of whack and were supplemented by buttresses to improve the statics. The upper spire received new shingles in 1799. Two years later, the helmet pole with pommel, weather vane and sun was replaced after a storm.
19th century
During a thunderstorm on June 17, 1816, lightning struck the renovated tower and severely damaged the top of the tower. Work on the tower roof structure was completed on December 16, 1818. In the years 1873 and 1874 the interior was renewed by the district architect Schlitte, who removed most of the baroque furnishings and left only the altar with the font. He removed the confessionals , the church stalls as well as the pulpit , organ , three chandeliers, some paintings and one floor of the galleries. Schlitte set up a new pulpit one pillar to the east so that the pastor faced the congregation frontally. He removed five epitaphs set in the floor and had them attached to the outer wall of the choir and the north wall. The church received an organ from the Heerwagen workshop and new choir windows. The middle and individual smaller windows have been preserved from them.
20th century and present
In 1905, craftsmen installed new altar windows: the birth of Jesus can be seen on the left , the crucifixion on the right . In 1912, the decorative painter Max Kutschmann redesigned the interior color. In 1922 the spire was repaired again. During the First World War , the organ pipes from the prospectus , which were made of tin, were melted down .
During the Second World War , three of the bronze bells were melted down for building submarines in 1942 , but otherwise the building was spared further war damage. In 1968 the parish carefully renovated the entire interior from 1874. In 1991, ongoing repairs began under the direction of the Berlin architect Klaus Block . Among other things, it included the tower dome.
architecture
St. Jacobi is a style of brick Gothic architecture erected three-aisled hall church in late Gothic style of red bricks was built. It is 42.95 meters long and has five bays with a five-sided enclosed ambulatory . Its width is 29.05 meters; the eaves height 10.22 meters. An annex is attached to the north and south side of the church in front of the second yoke . The northern annex is presumably the Holy Blood Chapel , donated by the Nauen citizen Arnold von Perwenitz on July 7, 1326 . Nothing is known about the original appearance. The room has been changed several times in the past centuries and is spanned by a ribbed vault in the 21st century ; the front gable and the pointed arch portal date from 1874. In the southern annex there is an extension with a ribbed vault from the late 15th century. It was also rebuilt several times after it was discovered that the foundation was laid out too weakly and cracks formed in the outer walls. The parish then demolished the vault on the upper floor and walled up the large pointed arch opening that opened the space to the nave. From then on the room was used as a sacristy .
In the 55.26 meter high church tower with its Welschen dome there are two sound arcades arranged in pairs on the east and west sides . There is only one sound arcade in the north and south of the tower; these are arranged asymmetrically and designed as coupled pointed arch windows .
Furnishing
The hall space, like the northern annex, is spanned by a ribbed vault. There is space for around 900 people. The continuous galleries, which extend from the aisle to the hall and are only interrupted in the chancel, were made of wood and have a simple, neo-Gothic parapet. They can be reached by two flights of stairs in the western organ gallery.
altar
The baroque altar was built between 1708 and 1710 and is the oldest surviving piece of equipment. The Berlin sculptor show was given the task of creating a new cantzel and a new altar in the church here at Nauen, more durable, as well as more delicate and Nice, so probably carpenter = as well as sculptor = work, to be made according to the outline and his own description, as he presented and asked himself to do . For this work he was to receive a wage of 600 thalers . Schau, in turn, commissioned Johann Heinrich Hennicke for the carpentry work and only paid his bill after a back payment, which he had requested from the church council due to the particularly successful work: because he made Cantzel and altar better than it was first shown in the demolition .
At the center of the altar is the crucifixion group , a wooden implementation of the iconographic topos . It shows Jesus looking down from the cross at Mary , who in mourning turned her gaze to the ground. Furthermore, John can be seen looking up to Jesus to preach the gospel . From 1760 to 1762 the Berlin sculptor Kronberg renovated the altar and added a decorative frame with rococo elements. This, as well as the attachment of rocailles to the pedestal , enhances the impression of the main altar.
The rear wall of the altar is closed and is crowned by a gable , which was designed as a segmented arch with two angels , interrupted in the middle . It rests on two coupled, grooved pilasters that are decorated with Corinthian capitals . The angel on the right carries a chalice as an attribute for the sacrament , the other asks to listen - an attribute for the word of God . A cartouche with the city coat of arms above it was removed during the renovation in 1874. In front of the pilasters are two twisted altar columns with a cantilevered cornice. The left of them is decorated with ears of corn , the right with vine branches , they symbolize bread and wine . The predella shows the classical representation of the Eucharist .
pulpit
The pulpit from 1708 was originally located on the central pillar on the south side. It comes from the carpenter H. Raunau, the decor from Otto Goern. The pews were aligned to the pulpit, so some visitors the altar the back turn had. In 1874 it was moved one pillar further east to its current location. In 1912 evangelist symbols were attached to the pulpit parapet , which were simply painted over in 1968.
The Fuente created Johann Georg Glume in 1724 from sandstone . It consists of a base with concave curved outer surfaces, on which a square stone that tapers towards the top is placed. On one of the sides is the foundation inscription : This Tavffstein is from the Legato der Seel: Fr: Mariae Köhlerin widow: Kornemannin was set in 1724 . The three remaining sides with reliefs of marble with sweeping scrolls dressed, decorated with cherubs. They show the circumcision of Jesus, the baptism of Jesus and the theological virtues of faith, love and hope. The parish has been using a baptismal table and a gospel desk since 1990 .
organ
It is not known when the first organ was built in the church. She also fell victim to the flames in one of the city fires. On August 30, 1719, the parish commissioned Josef Richter to build a new organ . Two years later, the parish signed another contract; apparently to an extension of the instrument. This was repaired in 1772, 1790 and 1840. In 1857, the organ builder Carl August Buchholz carried out major repairs . In 1873 and 1874, Wilhelm Heerwagen installed the organ with 31 voices, which was still in existence in the 21st century. August Haupt carried out a revision on May 1, 1875; from 1881 Carl Eduard Gesell took care of the instrument. In 1910, Alexander Schuke built two registers in the upper unit and removed a swell unit that was supposedly defective from the start . In 1928, organ builders replaced the pipes with models made of zinc after the parish had to hand over the tin pipes for the production of armaments during the First World War. The last major maintenance was carried out by Ulrich Fahlberg from Eberswalde in 1989.
Bells
In 1733 two chimes and two clock shells with a diameter of 80 and 94 cm were made. The larger of the two bell bells cracked in 1743 and was cast on site by Jonas Paulus Zweinger . In 1746 two more bells were cast, which are still preserved today. The bell, which is 78 cm smaller, probably comes from the son of the ore caster Johann Jacobi , as the inscription Fudit in Berlin HJ Jacobi suggests. You can also read:
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Come, let us go up the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the god Jacob, that he may teach us his ways, etc. we walk in his ways .
The second, larger bell bears the inscription - Verbum Die Manet in Aeternum As in the magistrate of Nauen Waren: Zetztel. Cons. Dir. Kriele Cons., Otto Cons., Schencke Cons, et Secret., Haegeber, Mehls, Hövel, Brandt Senatores, and at the church: Salpius, Past. et Inspector, Braun Deacon, Westphal church minister . It has a diameter of 86 cm.
The bell from Zweinger received the Realprogymnasium in 1874. In 1884 the larger of the three bells also jumped and was cast by the Ulrich brothers in Laucha into one with a diameter of 160. The same fate befell the Heintze bell that Gustav Collier cast around in 1891. A bell with a diameter of 120 cm was created.
Excavations in 1935 below the tower uncovered the remains of an old bell foundry. Experts suspect that the bells were made there after the fire in 1626, which were destroyed again in another town fire in 1695.
Thus only the two smaller bells from 1746 remained in the tower. In 1956, the parish completed the bells again by hanging three large steel bells with a diameter of 172, 140 and 104 cm from the Schilling & Lattermann company . They bear the inscription Faith, Love and Hope . These three bells have stood to the left of the entrance portal since 1993 after new bells were cast from bronze.
There are four bronze bells in the tower, which were made in 1993 by the Rincker bell and art foundry . The bell of the sacraments weighs around 560 kilograms, has a diameter of 95 cm and the inscription: Baptize them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Mt. 28: 1 and Come, keep the meal. Joh. 21,12. The bell of prayer weighs 720 kilograms with a diameter of 104 cm and is with exultation God, all lands! Inscribed Psalm 66: 1 . The third bell bears the inscription Seek the city's best! Jer. 29.7 and weighs 1110 kg with a diameter of 122 cm. The largest bell weighs 1570 kg and I feel confident, it's me; do not be afraid! Mt. 14, 27 labeled. It has a diameter of 137 cm. Together with the two bronze bells from Heintze, they result in the tone sequence d ', e', g ', a', h ', d'.
Above the tower massif there is a baroque tower dome with a rectangular floor plan. It merges into an octagonal floor plan below the open lantern. The top is adorned with a gilded weather vane with a swan and a sun. The swan also contains the city arms of Nauen, a carp and the dates 1702 and 1801.
reception
The pastor Matthias Giering describes the construction as a way of the builders to “trace the way of faith”. If the western side of the building with the high tower stands for worldly life and everyday life, the visitor should come to the Old and New Testament side by walking east towards the altar . Furthermore, the building encourages the viewer to take a closer look at the Lord's Supper scene in the predella, which is at chest level: “I am dying for you so that you can live. [...] And after this life we will be together with God and celebrate a great festival ”.
literature
- Evangelical Church Community Nauen (Ed.): St. Jacobi . 1st edition. Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 1995, ISBN 3-930102-98-6 , p. 24 .
- k. A .: The St. Jacobi Church in Nauen . Display in the church, p. 2 .
- k. A .: Information about the St. Jacobi Church in Nauen . Display in the Church, 1998, p. 1 .
- Matthias Giering: The St. Jacobi Church in Nauen . Display in the church, p. 1 .
- Georg Dehio (edited by Gerhard Vinken et al.): Handbook of German Art Monuments - Brandenburg Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 .
Web links
- Evangelical Church Congregation Nauen , accessed on January 6, 2018.
Coordinates: 52 ° 36 '23.1 " N , 12 ° 52' 34.1" E