Udaloy class

Project 1155

Admiral Levchenko 2007 in Bizerta

Ship data Ship type destroyer Shipyard Severnoye shipyard ( Leningrad ) Jantar ( Kaliningrad ) Construction period 1979 to 1988 Units built 13

Ship dimensions and crew length 163 m ( Lüa ) width 19 m Draft Max. 7.8 m displacement empty: 6840 t Use: 7480 t   crew 293 men

Machine system machine COGAG 4 × turbines Machine performance 4 × 20,000 PS (14,710 kW) Top speed 29.5 kn (55 km / h) propeller 2

Armament 2 × 4 URK-5 , only Udaloy-I 2 × 4 P-270 mosquitoes , only Udaloy-II 8 × 8 3K95 Kinschal 2 × 4 3K87 cortices , only Udaloy-II 2 × 1 100 mm AK-100 4 × 6 30mm AK-630 2 × 12 RBU-6000 2 × 4 torpedo tubes ∅ 533 mm

Project 1155 Fregat ( Russian Фрегат , frigate or frigate bird ), designated by NATO as the Udaloy class , is a class of destroyers of the Russian Navy . The units of this class were built during the 1980s and some are still in service today.

Project 1155 Fregat I

When the Soviet Navy wanted a new type of destroyer to support large combat groups in the 1970s, the following requirements were placed on the new design:

• Primary task in anti -submarine defense
• great coverage
• Sea endurance can be increased through sea supply

The ships are classified as DDGH by NATO; the acronym DDGH stands in American for: Destroyer (DD - destroyer) Guided Missile (G - guided missile) Helicopter (H - helicopter on board) .

The demands of the Soviet naval command were implemented in the Udaloy I class. These are called Fregat I in the Russian Navy. The Udaloy represented a great improvement over the previous Kriwak class , which it has a helicopter deck with the associated on-board components (hangar, tank systems), improved sonar systems and light air defense capabilities.

Udaloy are equipped with two on- board helicopters , each with a hangar, the bulkheads of which act as a ramp to the flight deck. The ship has the active / passive Polinom search and attack sonar system; the air defense systems consist of eight launchers for missiles 3K95 Jösch and AK-630 gun platforms. The AK-630 is a six-barrel Gatling cannon of 30 mm caliber, which is used for close defense against approaching missiles or faster targets such as helicopters, speedboats or airplanes. The AK-100 is a naval gun of 100 mm caliber, its main task is the artillery fight against enemy ships, as well as against land targets in support of amphibious landing operations.

The helicopters carried on the Udaloy-I units are Kamow Ka-25s . Variants A, B and C can be used. Probably only variant A was used as a submarine hunter. Variant C of the Ka-25 is used for the SAR service ( Search and Rescue ), while variant B is used to extend the detection range of the fire control radar . The Ka-25 has a maximum range of 216 nautical miles, almost 400 kilometers. The armament consists of one or more E45-75A torpedoes or a B-1 depth charge that has a nuclear warhead.

development

The development of the class began in the early 1970s, when the Soviet Navy realized that it would be too costly to continue to rely on large displacement units covering multiple areas of operation. So far, the units of the Soviet fleet have always been equipped with extensive systems for air defense (AAW), surface combat (SW) and anti-submarine defense (ASW). This inevitably led to large displacement ships.

This realization led to the development of a concept of “specialized surface units”. As a direct consequence, the Severnoye Development Department worked out two different designs: Project 956 as a destroyer and Project 1155 as a large submarine fighter. It was therefore clear from the start that the majority of weapon systems should be used for submarine hunting. This later led to the categorization as a great first class submarine hunter .

Armament

AK-100 gun turrets and open port launch tubes with URK-5 cruise missiles

Even if Project 1155 can generally be seen as the Soviet counterpart to the Spruance class of the United States Navy , this does not apply to all Udaloy I. Within the class, the individual units have differences in the areas of air defense and air defense radar systems.

Not all active units have the same equipment. The emphasis on the role as submarine hunters left the ships of the Udaloy class only rudimentary effective capabilities against sea and air targets. The equipment for the fight against enemy ships consists of only two AK-100 guns and four ship-to-ship missiles. The URK-5 Rastrub is referred to by NATO as the SS-N-14 Silex . It is a carrier system for a torpedo of unknown type, but probably a Type 40 or E53-72. According to current information, it is possible to use depth charges with 5 kt nuclear warheads. There is also a ship-to-ship version of the SS-N-14 with a seeker and conventional warhead. The missiles are scaffolded in two square inclined quadruple launchers under the bridge. In each starter there are two flint against submarines and two anti-ship versions of the flint.

Air defense

Bow of the Udaloy with 3K95 Kinschal air defense system

The anti-aircraft weapons include eight eight-launchers for the 3K95 Kinschal missile. The missiles are housed in vertical launchers with a round cover plate six feet in diameter. Four starters are located in the bow, two between the torpedo tubes and two more on the hangar structure between the RBU launchers. The fire control radar for the 3K95 is located on a round platform above the hangar. It is noticeable that not every unit of the Udaloy I-class was equipped with this radar.

Torpedoes

The ships have eight torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber. They are equipped with Type 53 torpedoes as standard. The use of the anti-submarine complex RPK-6 Wodopad-NK (SS-N-16 Stallion) is also possible. The pipes are located in two quadruple starters, one on port and one on starboard, between the hangar and the middle structure of the ship. Furthermore, RBU-6000 rocket launchers with a throwing range of up to 6000 meters for submarine hunting are installed. The two launchers are located on the hangar structure. A volley contains twelve missiles and can also be used to repel torpedoes.

radar

The ships have modern electronic systems. This includes the MR-760MA-Fregat-MA air surveillance radar. However, it is unclear which system is exactly behind this name. Many sources also refer to the system as Top Plate 3-D . The radar top plate, however, bears the designation MR-700 "Fregat" and consists of two planar antennas angled in relation to the horizontal. However, these two antennas have been mounted at different angles in order to correct the small measurement error of the radar during rotation. The Russian Navy also has a top-steer radar system known as the "Fregat". This is an S-band system similar to the American SPS-39 . The designation MR-760A could indicate a combination of the MR-700 system with the top-steer system.

The Horse-Jaw low -frequency sonar is the successor to the Orion-Jaw sonar system. It has a search range of 360 ° and a range of 30/60/120 km. The associated VDS (variable depth sonar; German: Sonar with variable search depth) is the horse-tail system. Both systems are based on "acquired" French technology, which in turn is based on American technology.

Eye Bowl is a fire control radar for the SS-N-14, works on the S-band and enables “command guidance” of the missile after take-off. Drakon is fully referred to as MR-145-Drakon or Kite Screech A and is based on the C / X / Ka bands. It controls the AK-100 turrets. Kite Screech B is used on the Udaloy II units to control the AK-130 turrets. In both cases the system consists of a precision measuring device (Ka-Band) and a target acquisition device (C / X- or only X-Band).

The MR-320 is a conventional surface search radar, which was originally referred to as the Palm Frond . In combination with the Strut-Pair -S-Band air surveillance radar, the MR-320 Podkat was created, which was scaffolded on the Udaloy class. However, the Strut Pair does not have a stabilizing strut behind the antenna, which could indicate that it is not sea stabilized.

Cross-Sword is the fire control system for the 3K95 anti-aircraft missiles and has a phase-adaptive planar antenna for tracking and controlling the missiles. Bell Shroud is a jamming system for use against the Q-band systems of western aircraft that were introduced in the 1960s.

Bell-Crown is the command system of the Russian Navy, similar to the American link system. It allows the flagship to send orders to the subordinate units. These orders are then processed through the units' “second captain” system.

drive

The ship's propulsion system is a COGAG propulsion system . COGAG stands for Combined gas and gas and means in the case of Udaloy I and Udaloy II that per shaft is a gas turbine for the cruising speed (M62 9,000 hp) and a gas turbine for driving with extreme force (M8KF 22,000 HP) are present. These turbines allow units in this class to reach a top speed of 29 knots with maximum displacement. The ships have two shafts with one propeller each.

The ships measure 163 m in length, up to 19.7 m in width and up to 7.9 m in draft. Fully equipped, they displace 7,570 tons. The crew is up to 249 men, of which 30 are believed to be on-board helicopter components.

The keel of the type ship Udaloy was laid in 1978. Twelve units were completed by 1991 at a rate of a maximum of two ships per year. The last ship with the Udaloy-I configuration entered the fleet in July 1991.

Technical data project 1155 Fregat I

General
NATO code	"Udaloy I"
Development department	Severnoye
Shipyards	Zavod 820 Jantar , Kaliningrad
	Zavod 190 Severnaya Shipyard, St. Petersburg
helicopter	2 × Ka-25 (two hangars)
Dimensions
length	163 m
width	19.0 to 19.7 m
Draft	7.8 to 7.9 m
Repression (standard combat sentence)	6,945 t
Displacement (maximum)	7570 t
Propulsion system
Drive configuration	combined gas and gas drive (COGAG)
Turbines (cruise)	2 × M62 gas turbines with 9000 HP each (on two shafts)
Turbines (extreme power)	2 × M8KF gas turbines with 22,000 hp each (on two shafts)
waves	2
propeller	2
Top speed	30 kn
Fuel bunker	2000 t + reserve bunker
Range	3000  nm (at 14 kn); 5700 nm when using the reserve
Manning	220 to 249 (29 officers)
Armament
Missile	2 × four-way starters for URK-5 Rastrub (SS-N-14 "Silex")
	8 × eight-time starters Kinschal
Ship artillery systems	two AK-100 gun platforms, caliber 100 mm
	two 45mm anti-aircraft cannons of the type 21-KM
	four six-barrel AK-630 -Gatling cannons (air defense / cadence 6000 rounds per minute)
Torpedo tubes	two quadruple starters each with four tubes of the type ChTA-53-1155
ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare)	2 × RBU-6000 -ASW RL with 12 tubes and ammunition for 8 salvos
26 sea mines
Ship systems
radar	MR-760MA Fregat-MA Air Surveillance Radar (Top Plate 3-D)
	MR-320M Podkat air and sea surveillance radar
sonar	Polinom sonar "Phalanx"
	"Horse Jaw" low frequency sonar (mounted on the bow)
	Platina / Horse Tail-LF-VDS low frequency sonar
Fire control systems	Lesorub-5 fire control system
	2 × Drakon / Eye Bowl SSM ( fire control radar )
	2 × MR-360 Podkat / Cross Sword (air defense fire control system)
System for electronic warfare	Bell Shroud
Signal interception system	Bell Crown
Communication systems	Typhoon, crystal
2 × PK-2 - decoys for missile defense
10 × PK-10 flare launchers for missile defense (only in the last ships of the construction lot)

Project 1155.1 Fregat II

A short time after the Udaloy-I destroyer entered service, the need for a modification of the class was seen in order to create a counterpart to the American Arleigh Burke class. In 1982 the development of a conversion kit began, which should better classify the capabilities of the Udaloy I.

The Udaloy II is a conversion of the Udaloy I units. The SS-N-14 were replaced by the SS-N-22 Sunburn , which enabled the units to act against sea targets. However, this was associated with a loss of active substances against submarines, namely the loss of the launchers for the SS-N-14 "Silex". Defense capabilities have also been improved by adding artillery systems and anti-aircraft missiles (SAM). The Udaloy II units were retrofitted with 3K87 Kortik missiles. Both cortic systems each consist of two quadruple launchers and have an automatic loading system that contains a further three sets - i.e. 24 missiles. A total of 16 more launchers or 64 missiles for anti-aircraft missiles are available on the Udaloy II.

The AK-630 guns and the missiles form the so-called Kortik anti-aircraft complex . Eight starters for the SA-N-11 and two AK-630 guns for close defense of the ship are interconnected. The combination of missiles and conventional projectile weapons is intended to increase the hit rate of the system compared to pure missile or gun systems.

The AK-100 guns were replaced by a double-barreled AK-130 DP gun of 130 mm caliber. Compared to the AK-100, the AK-130 has a longer range and greater explosive power with almost the same cadence.

In order to increase the Udaloy II's chances of survival in combat against submarines, the RBU-6000 launchers were replaced by the RBU-12000 . The Udaw has ten launch tubes for missiles with a caliber of 300 mm and a length of 2200 mm. In contrast to the RBU-6000, its main focus is on torpedo defense. However, it is also suitable for fighting submarines. The maximum throw is 3000 m and the sinking depth of the projectiles is up to 600 m. The hit probability with a target-seeking torpedo is 76 percent. The sonar systems were improved, a new air defense control system was installed and the computer systems were brought up to date.

The drive has also been revised and despite the additional weight of almost 500 tons, the Udaloy II is up to four knots faster than the Udaloy I.

The on-board helicopter component was restructured and the KA-25 were replaced by KA-32A.

On December 14, 1995, the Admiral Tschabanenko, the first ship of the new class, was launched in the Kaliningrad shipyard "Jantar". The ship was 98 percent ready for use, but it remained in the dock for several years because the funds were missing to put it into service (or to save costs). A second hull had already been completed, but was scrapped. The third unit was never laid down. The Admiral Tschabanenko was not operational until the end of 1997. On January 28, 1999, however, it was officially taken over by the Russian Navy after it had shown its capabilities in sea tests that were monitored by the commander of the Baltic Fleet. The Udaloy II is the only counterpart to the 47 Arleigh Burke destroyers of the US Navy in the Russian fleet today.

The original plan of the Russian naval command was the formation of two brigades of seven units each (probably the twelve Udaloy I and two Udaloy II) and then the construction of a further 21 ships divided into three brigades. However, all subsequent units of the first construction batch were deleted in the early 1990s.

Technical data project 1155.1 Fregat II

• NATO code: "Udaloy II"
• Development department: Severnoye
• Builder: Zavod 820 Jantar, Kaliningrad
• Dimensions:
  • Length: 164 m
  • Width: 19.3 m
  • Draft: 6.2 to 8.0 m
  • Displacement (standard combat rate): 7700 t
  • Displacement (maximum): 8900 t
• Propulsion system :
  • Drive configuration: combined gas and gas drive (COGAG)
  • Turbines (cruising): 2 × M62 gas turbines with 9000 HP each (on two shafts)
  • Turbines (extreme power): 2 × M8KF gas turbines with 22,000 HP each (on two shafts)
  • Waves: 2
  • Propeller: 2
  • Top speed: 30–34 kn
  • Fuel bunker: k. A.
  • Range: 3000 nm at 14 kt; 5700 nm when using the reserve (similar to Udaloy I)
• Crew: 296
• Armament :
  • Missile:
    • 2 × quadruple starters for anti-ship missile Moscit ( SS-N-22 "Sunburn")
    • 8 × eight-fold starter Kinschal ( 3K95 Kinschal ; vertical starter )
    • 2 × 3K87 cortics
  • Ship artillery systems:
    • a double-barreled AK-130 gun platform, caliber 130 mm
    • two 45mm anti-aircraft guns of the type K21-KM
    • four six-barrel AK-630 -Gatling cannons (air defense / cadence 6000 rounds per minute)
  • Torpedo tubes: two quadruple starters caliber 533 mm, type ChTA-53-1155, with a combat set of 30 torpedoes
  • ASW (Anti-Submarine-Warfare): 2 × 10 Udaw-1 ASW RL
  • 26 sea mines
• ASW helicopters : 2 × Ka-27 (two hangars)
• Ship systems :
  • MR-700 Fregat-A Air Surveillance Radar (Top Plate 3-D)
  • MR-320M Topaz-V air and sea surveillance radar (Strut Pair)
  • Zvezda-2 "Phalanx" sonar
  • MGK-345 Bronza (low frequency sonar, bow)
  • Ox Tail LF VDS (low frequency sonar)
  • 2 × MR-360 Podkat (anti-aircraft control system for the Kinschal)
  • 2 × 3P37 (air defense control system for the cortic system)
  • Garpun-BAL sea target tracking radar
  • Start-series EW (EloKA)
  • Wine Glass (signal interception system)
  • Bell Shroud (signal interception system)
  • Bell Squat (jamming system; ECM)
  • Communication systems: Typhoon, crystal
  • 10 PK-10 missile defense decoys

units

Submarine hunters Severomorsk (2010)

Destroyer Admiral Panteleev (1995) named after Yuri Alexandrovich Panteleev

Udaloy I:

• Udaloi (Northern Fleet): in service from 1980 to 2002, then broken up in Murmansk
• Wize-Admiral Kulakow (Northern Fleet): 1982–1991 in service, after modernization since December 2010 in service again
• Marschal Wassiljewski (ID: BPK 499) (Northern Fleet): in service since 1982
• Admiral Sakharov : Fire on board, scrapped
• Admiral Spiridonov (Pacific Fleet): back in service since 2001
• Admiral Tribuz : Fire on board 1991 and 1995, back in service since 2003
• Marshal Shaposhnikov (BPK 543) (Pacific Fleet): in service since 1987
• Severomorsk (BPK 619) (Northern Fleet): in service since 1987
• Admiral Levchenko (BPK 405) (Northern Fleet): on duty
• Admiral Vinogradov (BPK 605) (Pacific Fleet): on duty
• Admiral Kharlamov (Northern Fleet): in service since 1988, in reserve from 2006
• Admiral Panteleev (BPK 548) (Pacific Fleet): in service since 1990

Udaloy II:

• Admiral Tschabanenko (BPK 437) (Northern Fleet): in service since 1999
• Admiral Basisty (name unconfirmed): scrapped during construction

Status:

• On duty: 10 (9 × Udaloy I, 1 × Udaloy II)
• Reserve: 1 (Udaloy I)
• scrapped: 2 (Udaloy I)

Evidence and references

literature

• С. С. Бережной: Советский ВМФ 1945–1995 Крейсера - большие противолодочные корабли, эсминцы. (For example: SS Bereschnoi: Soviet Navy 1945–1995. Cruisers, large submarine fighters, destroyers. ) Moscow 1995.
• Соколов А. Н .: Расходный материал флота Миноносцы СССР и России. (For example: AN Sokolow: Navy destroyer of the Soviet Union and Russia. ) Moscow 2007, ISBN 978-5-902863-13-7 .

Web links

Commons : Udaloy class  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Udaloy class on aeronautics.ru (English). Archived from the original on March 6, 2002 ; accessed on March 25, 2020 . 
• Udaloy class on fas.org (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Page of the manufacturer ( Memento from May 4, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (English)
2. ↑ Mission: Russian anti-submarine defense ship leaves Kaliningrad in a flash . RIA Novosti. January 21, 2009. Retrieved January 24, 2009.
3. ↑ Вице-адмирал Кулаков вернулся в состав Северного флота . Lenta.ru, December 8, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2011 (Russian).