Slayer

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For other uses, see Slayer (disambiguation).
Slayer

Slayer is an American thrash metal band, formed in 1982 by guitarists Jeff Hanneman and Kerry King. The band has released ten studio albums, two live albums, one box set, and remains one of the most influential thrash metal bands.

Slayer rose to fame in the 1980s as a leader of the American thrash metal movement, and helped to define the genre with their 1986 release Reign in Blood, which has been called "the heaviest album of all time". Slayer's lyrics and album art, which cover topics such as serial killers, satanism, religion, warfare and the Holocaust have generated album bans, delays, lawsuits and strong criticism from religious groups and the public.

Slayer are known for their distinctive musical style, including fast tremolo picking, guitar solos, double bass drumming and screaming vocals. The band has received Grammy nominations, sold millions of albums, headlined major music festivals, and are credited as one of the "Big Four" thrash metal bands, along with Megadeth, Metallica, and Anthrax.[1]

History

Early days (1982-1983)

Slayer formed in 1982, when guitarist Kerry King met Jeff Hanneman while auditioning for a band. The two recruited bassist and vocalist Tom Araya, who had played with King, and drummer Dave Lombardo, who met King while delivering pizzas.[2] The band began playing cover versions of Iron Maiden and Judas Priest songs at clubs and parties in Southern California. Early shows relied on a satanic image, featuring pentagrams, make-up, spikes, and inverted crosses.[3]

In 1982, Slayer recorded their first demo — a rehearsal featuring the songs "Fight Till Death"(Audio file " Fight Till Death 83 demo clip.ogg" not found), "Black Magic" and "The Antichrist".[4] The demo was widely traded in the 1980s underground tape trading scene. Slayer developed a unique style by combining the twin lead guitar approach of Iron Maiden and Judas Priest, the imagery of Venom and Mercyful Fate, and the speed and aggression of hardcore punk. Early works were praised for their "breakneck speed and instrumental prowess".[3]

While opening for Bitch at the Woodstock Club in Los Angeles, Slayer were spotted by Brian Slagel, a former music journalist who had recently founded Metal Blade Records. Slagel convinced the band to record an original song, "Aggressive Perfector"(Audio file "Aggressive Perfector clip.ogg" not found) for his upcoming Metal Massacre III compilation, released in July 1983. The song created underground buzz, which led to Slagel offering the band a recording contract.[5]

Show No Mercy (1983-1984)

Without a recording budget, the band was forced to self-finance their debut album. Combining the savings of Araya, who was employed as a respiratory therapist with money borrowed from King's father,[6] the band entered the studio in November 1983. The album was rushed into release, hitting shelves three weeks after tracks were completed.[4]

Slayer's Show No Mercy, 1983

Show No Mercy, released in December 1983 by Metal Blade Records, generated underground popularity for the band. Slayer began their first national club tour in 1984 to promote the album, traveling in Araya's Camaro towing a U-Haul trailer.[6] The tour gave the band additional popularity; sales of Show no Mercy reached more than 20,000 in the US.[5]

In August 1984, Slayer released a four song EP, entitled Haunting the Chapel. The EP featured a darker, thrash-oriented style than its predecessor, and laid the groundwork for the future direction of the band.[7] The opening track, "Chemical Warfare," has become a live staple, played at nearly every show since 1984. After the release of Haunting the Chapel, Slayer made their live European debut at the Marquee Club in London, England, then returned to the US to begin the Haunting North America 1984 tour. Following the tour, King temporarily left Slayer to join Dave Mustaines new band Megadeth.[8] Hanneman was worried about King's decision, stating in an interview "I guess we’re gonna get a new guitar player".[6] While Mustaine wanted King to stay on a permanent basis, King rejoined Slayer after five shows, stating that Megadeth was "taking too much of my time".[6] The split caused a rift between King and Mustaine, which evolved into a long running feud between the two bands.[9]

Following King's return, the band embarked on the 1984 Combat Tour, with Venom and Exodus. In November 1984, Slayer released the Live Undead EP. Although the record label indicates the EP was "live in concert", it was recorded in a New York recording studio, with fans brought in to provide crowd noise.[4]

Hell Awaits (1985-1986)

Slayer released their first live home video in 1985, dubbed Combat Tour: The Ultimate Revenge. The video featured live footage filmed at New York's Studio 54 club, on the band's 1984 tour with Venom and Exodus. After the release of the video Show No Mercy had sold over 40,000 copies worldwide,[5] leading to the band returning to the studio to record their second full length album. Metal Blade financed a recording budget, allowing the band to hire producer Ron Fair.[6] Template:Sound sample box align right

"Hell Awaits" (1985)
28 second sample from Slayer's "Hell Awaits".
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Template:Sample box end Released in September 1985, Slayer's second full length release Hell Awaits expanded on the darkness of Haunting the Chapel, with hell and Satan as common song subjects. The album was the band's most progressive offering, featuring longer and more complex song structures. The intro to the album is a backwards recording of a demonic-sounding voice repeating "Join us," ending with "Welcome back" before the track begins. The album was an instant hit, with fans choosing Slayer for best band, best live band, Hell Awaits as 1985's best album, and Dave Lombardo as best drummer in the British magazine Metal Forces' 1985 Readers Poll.[10]

Reign in Blood (1986-1987)

Following the success of Hell Awaits, Slayer were offered a contract with Rick Rubin's newly founded Def Jam Records, a largely rap-based label.[6] With a experienced producer and major label recording budget, the band underwent a sonic makeover resulting in shorter, faster songs with clearer production. Gone were the complex arrangements and long songs featured on Hell Awaits, ditched in favor of stripped down, hardcore influenced song structures.[6]

Reign in blood, 1986

Def Jam's distributor, Columbia Records, refused to release the album due to it's controversial lyrical themes and graphic cover art.[6] The album was distributed by Geffen Records, but due to the controversy, did not appear on the label's release schedule.[10] Clocking in at 28 minutes, Reign in Blood was eventually released on October 7, 1986 to critical acclaim. Kerrang! Magazine called it a "thrash metal masterpiece" and the "heaviest album of all time".[11][12] The album received virtually no radio airplay, but became Slayer's first record to enter the Billboard 200, debuting at #94, and the band's first album certified gold in the US.[13] The lead track, "Angel Of Death",(sampleⓘ) detailed Nazi concentration camps and human experiments conducted by Josef Mengele.

In October 1986, Slayer embarked on the Reign in Pain world tour, with Overkill in the US, and Malice in Europe.[10] The band were added as the opening band on WASP's US tour, but just one month in, drummer Lombardo left the band.[6] Lombardo later stated his reasons for leaving, "I wasn't making any money. I figured if we were gonna be doing this professionally, on a major label, I wanted my rent and utilities paid."[6] To continue with the tour, Slayer enlisted Tony Scaglione of Whiplash. Lombardo's wife convinced him to return a year later.[6] At the insistence of Rubin, Slayer recorded a cover version of Iron Butterfly's "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" for the film Less Than Zero.[6] Although the band were not happy with the final product, it was the first song to garner radio airplay.[6]

South of Heaven (1988-1989)

Slayer returned to the studio to record their fourth studio album. To contrast the speed of Reign in Blood, the band consciously decided to slow down the tempo, incorporating melodic singing, rather than screaming.[6] As a result, 1988's South of Heaven received criticism from longtime fans, although the album was Slayer's most commercially successful release at the time.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). and was the band's second album to be certified gold in the US.[14] Press response to the album was mixed, with All Music Guide citing the album as "disturbing and powerful",[15] and Rolling Stone calling the album "genuinely offensive satanic drivel".[16] South of Heaven also featured a cover version of Judas Priest's "Dissident Aggressor", the band's first cover song released on a studio album.

In 1988 Slayer embarked on the World Sacrifice Tour with openers Nuclear Assault, and in the summer were added as special guests on Judas Priest's Ram it Down tour.[10] Following nearly six years of constant touring, the band took time off in 1988.

File:Slayer eagle.jpg
Slayers eagle logo bearing resemblance to the Eagle atop swastika

Seasons in the Abyss (1990-1993)

Slayer returned to the studio with co-producer Andy Wallace in 1989 to record their fifth studio album. Following the minor backlash created by South of Heaven, Slayer returned to the "pounding speed of Reign in Blood",[17] while retaining their new found melodic sense.[17] Seasons in the Abyss, released in October 1990, was the first Slayer album to be released under Rick Rubin's new Def American label. The album debuted at #44 on the US Billboard charts, and was the band's first record to attain platinum status.[18] The album's title track, "Seasons in the Abyss",(Audio file " Seasons_in_the_Abyss_clip.ogg" not found spawned Slayer's first music video, shot in front of the Giza pyramids in Egypt.

Slayer returned as a live act in September 1990 to co-headline the European Clash of the Titans tour with Megadeth, Suicidal Tendencies, and Testament. With the popularity of American thrash near its peak, the tour was extended to the US beginning in May 1991, with Megadeth, Anthrax and opening band Alice in Chains. The band recorded a double live album, Decade of Aggression, which debuted at #55 on the Billboard top 200 in 1991.[13]

In May 1992 drummer Lombardo was fired, due to conflicts with other members, and his desire to bring his wife on tour.[19] Lombardo formed his own band Grip Inc, with Voodoo Cult guitarist Waldemar Sorychta,[20] and Slayer recruited former Forbidden drummer Paul Bostaph to fill his place. Slayer made their first appearance with Bostaph at the 1992 Monsters of Rock festival at Castle Donington, and recorded a medley of three Exploited songs, "War", "UK '82", and "Disorder", with rapper Ice-T for the Judgement Night movie soundtrack in 1993.

Divine Intervention (1994-1995)

In 1994 Slayer released Divine Intervention, the bands first record with drummer Bostaph. The album featured songs boasting about Reinhard Heydrich, an architect of the Holocaust, Jeffrey Dahmer, "213" his apartment number where he murdered, raped, and tortured thirteen victims. Other themes included murder, the evils of church and government. Arayas interest in serial killers inspired many of the lyrics for the album including, "213" after reading stories and books about Dahmer.[21]

Slayer geared up for a world tour in 1995, with openers Biohazard and Machine Head. Live Intrusion, a video of concert footage, was released featuring a joint cover of Venom's "Witching Hour" with Machine Head. Relations between King and Machine Head front man Robb Flynn have since badly deteriorated,[22] as King labeled Machine Head as "sellouts", stating they were responsible for rap metal.[23] Following the tour, Slayer were billed fourth at the 1995 Monsters of Rock festival, headlined by Metallica.

Undisputed Attitude (1996-1997)

In 1996, Slayer released Undisputed Attitude, an album of punk covers. The band covered songs by Minor Threat, T.S.O.L., D.R.I., D.I., Dr. Know, Verbal Abuse and Iggy and the Stooges, also featuring three original tracks, "Can't Stand You", "Gemini" and "Ddamm" written by Hanneman in 1984-1985 while in an unnamed side project. Bostaph left shortly after the albums release to work on his own project, The Truth about Seafood. With Bostaphs departure, Slayer recruited Testament drummer Jon Dette and headlined the 1996 Ozzfest. Dette was fired shortly after, due to a fallout with band members, with Bostaph returning to continue the tour to promote the album.[24]

1996 saw a lawsuit brought against the band by the parents of Elyse Pahler, who accused the band of encouraging their daughter's murderers through their lyrics. Elyse was drugged, strangled with a belt, stabbed, trampled on, and raped as a sacrifice to the devil by three fans of the band. The case was "unsealed" by the court on May 19, 2000, stating that Slayer and related business markets distribute harmful products to teens encouraging violent acts through their lyrics,[25] and "none of the vicious crimes committed against Elyse Marie Pahler would have occurred without the intentional marketing strategy of the death-metal band Slayer".[26] The lawsuit was dismissed in 2001, for multiple reasons including "principles of free speech, lack of a duty and lack of foreseeability", California Superior Court of San Luis Obispo County.[27]

A second lawsuit was filed, an amended complaint for damages against Slayer, their label, and other industry and label entities. The lawsuit was dismissed, Judge E. Jeffrey Burke stating "I do not consider Slayer's music obscene, indecent or harmful to minors".[27]

Diabolus in Musica (1998-2001)

Diabolus in Musica (Latin for "The Devil in Music")[28] was released in 1998, immediately debuting at #31 on the Billboard 200, selling over 46,000 copies.[29] The album was the band's first with drop D tuning, as featured on the lead track, "Bitter Peace",(sampleⓘ) making use of the musical range referred to in the Middle Ages as The Devil's Scale.

Slayer teamed up with digital hardcore group Atari Teenage Riot for the Spawn soundtrack, recording "No Remorse (I Wanna Die)". Slayer also payed tribute to Black Sabbath by recording a cover of "Hand Of Doom" for the second of two tribute albums, entitled Nativity in Black II. A world tour followed to support the new album, with Slayer making an appearance at the United Kingdom, Ozzfest 1998.

God Hates Us All (2001-2005)

The original cover of God Hates Us All, 2001

After delays regarding remixing and artwork,[30] including slip cover inserts being made to cover the original artwork, God Hates Us All was released on September 11, 2001. The title track "Disciple" (sampleⓘ) received the band their first Grammy nomination, for "Best Metal Performance". On January 8, 2002; the winner was announced with the award going to Tool, for "Schism".[31] Drummer Bostaph left the band shortly after the album's release due to a chronic elbow injury, stating it would hinder his ability to play.[32] He was replaced by original drummer Lombardo.[32]

Promotional material announcing the album title and release date drew an unintended connection with the September 11 terrorist attacks. The attacks jeopardized the 2001 European tour Tattoo the Planet originally set to feature Pantera, Static X, Biohazard and Vision of Disorder. Dates had to be canceled or postponed due to flight restrictions, and some bands decided to withdraw, leaving only Slayer and Static X remaining for the European leg of the tour.[33] Pantera, Vision of disorder and Biohazard were replaced by Cradle of Filth and other bands dependent upon location; among those bands were Amorphis, In Flames, Moonspell, Children of Bodom, and Necrodeath.

Slayer toured playing Reign in Blood entirety throughout the fall of 2003, under the tour banner "Still Reigning". Their playing of the final song "Raining Blood" culminated with the band being drenched in a rain of fake blood. Live footage of this was recorded at the Augusta Civic Center on July 11, 2004 and released on the 2004 DVD entitled Still Reigning. The band also released War at the Warfield and a box set, Soundtrack to the Apocalypse featuring rarities, live CD and DVD performances and various Slayer paraphernalia.

From 2002 to 2004 the band performed over 250 tour dates, headlining major music festivals including H82k2, Summer tour, Ozzfest 2004, Download Festival and a major European tour with Slipknot. While preparing for the Download Festival in England, Metallica drummer Lars Ulrich was rushed to hospital with a mysterious illness and was unable to perform.[34] Metallica vocalist James Hetfield searched for volunteers at the last minute to replace Ulrich; Lombardo and Slipknot drummer Joey Jordison volunteered with Lombardo performing the songs "Battery" and "The Four Horsemen".[34]

Christ Illusion (2006-present)

The album Christ Illusion was set for release on June 6, 2006, but was postponed due to recording difficulties. It was to be the first album recorded with original drummer Lombardo since 1990s Seasons in the Abyss.[19] Instead, Slayer released Eternal Pyre on June 6, 2006, a limited-edition EP featuring the song "Cult",(sampleⓘ) a live performance of "War Ensemble" in Germany, video footage of the band recording "Cult" and a five minute video of a Slayer fan, carving the bands name onto his forearm. 5000 copies were released and sold exclusively through Hot Topic chain stores, selling out within hours of release.[35]

Christ Illusion was released on August 8, 2006. It immediately debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200, and sold more than 62,000 copies in its first week.[36] The album became Slayer's highest charting album, improving upon that of their previous highest charting album, Divine Intervention, which debuted at #8.[13] Despite its high debut, the album dropped to #44 in the following week.[37] The album also became available for streaming on the band's MySpace page shortly after its release.[38] Slayer were inducted into the Kerrang! Hall of Fame for their influence to the heavy metal scene three weeks after the album's release.[11]

File:SlayerUnholy1.jpg
Slayer performing at The Unholy Alliance Tour

A worldwide tour, The Unholy Alliance, was undertaken to support the new record. In Flames, Mastodon, Children of Bodom, Lamb of God, and Thine Eyes Bleed were supporting Slayer.[39] The tour was originally set to launch on June 6, but was postponed to June 10, as Araya underwent gall bladder surgery.[40] Most of the bands who participated in the tour reunited to perform at Japan's 2006 Loud Park Festival on October 15.[41]

The video for the album's second single, "Eyes of the Insane",(sampleⓘ) was released on October 30, 2006.[42] The track was featured on the Saw 3 soundtrack as well as receiving a Grammy nomination for "Best Metal Performance".[43] One week later the band visited the 52nd Services Squadron located on the Spangdahlem U.S. Air Force Base, in Germany. This was the first visit ever to a military base for the band.[44]

Controversy

File:JosefMengele1.jpg
The lyrics of "Angel of Death" were inspired by the acts of Josef Mengele during World War II

Slayer have been accused of holding Nazi sympathies due to the eagle logo bearing resemblance to the Eagle atop swastika, Schutzstaffel stickers on guitars and the lyrics of "Angel of Death".[45] The lyrics were inspired by the acts of Josef Mengele,[46] the doctor who committed atrocities against Jewish and Roma prisoners in the name of pseudo-scientific research during World War II and who concentration camp inmates dubbed the "Angel of Death".[47] The band have stated numerous times that they do not condone Nazism, and are merely interested in the subject.[48]

Slayer's cover of Minor Threat's "Guilty Of Being White" raised questions about a possible message of white supremacy in the band's music. Most of the controversy surrounding the cover involved the changing of the refrain "guilty of being white" to "guilty of being right" at the song's ending. This reportedly incensed Minor Threat frontman Ian MacKaye, who stated "that is so offensive to me".[49]

In a 2004 interview with Araya, when asked, "did critics realize you were wallowing in parody?", Araya replied, "No. People thought we were serious!...back then you had that PMRC, who literally took everything to heart, when in actuality you're trying to create an image. You're trying to scare people on purpose".[50] Araya also denied rumors that Slayer are satanists, stating they are not satanists but find the subject of satanism interesting and "we are all on this planet to learn and experience".[48]

The controversial cover of "Christ Illusion"

The song "Jihad" off the album Christ Illusion sparked controversy amongst families of the 9/11 victims.[51] The song deals with the attack from the perspective of a religious terrorist. Seventeen bus benches promoting the album in Fullerton, California, were deemed offensive by city officials. They did not approve of the skull with an in-carved 666, stating the bands name pertains to murder.[52]

In India, the album was recalled by EMI India after protests with Muslim and Christian religious groups due to the nature of the graphic artwork. The album cover depicts Christ mutilated, missing arms and an eye, in a sea of blood with floating heads.[53] On October 11, 2006 EMI announced that all stocks had been destroyed,[53] noting it had no plans to re-release the record in India any time soon.[53]

Discography

Main article: Slayer discography

Studio albums

EPs/Box Sets

DVDs/Live CDs

Members

Current members

Former members

Timeline

References

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External links

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