Picardy third and Kosta Koufos: Difference between pages
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{{Infobox NBA Player |
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{{otheruses4|a musical term|other uses|Picardy (disambiguation)}} |
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| name = Kosta Koufos<br />Κώστας Κουφός |
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[[Image:Picardy third i iv i v I.png|thumb|225px|Picardy third ending a i-v-i-iv-i-v-I progression {{audio|Picardy third i iv i v I.mid|play}}]] |
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| image = |
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| position = [[Center (basketball)|Center]] |
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| height_ft = 7 |
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| height_in = 1 |
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| weight_lb = 265 |
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| league = [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] |
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| team = [[Utah Jazz]] |
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| number = 41 |
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|2|24}} |
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| birth_place = [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]], [[Ohio]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
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| nationality = [[United States|American]] |
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| nationality_2 = [[Greece|Greek]] |
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| highschool = [[GlenOak High School|GlenOak]], Canton |
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| college = [[Ohio State University|Ohio State]] |
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| draft = 23rd overall |
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| draft_year = 2008 |
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| draft_team = Utah Jazz |
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| career_start = 2008 |
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| career_highlights = Y |
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| awards = 2007 [[FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship]] MVP<br>[[2008 National Invitation Tournament]] MVP |
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}} |
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'''Konstantine Demetrios “Kosta” Koufos''' ([[Greek language|in Greek:]] {{lang|el|Κώστας Κουφός}} or ''{{lang|el-Latn|Kóstas Koufós}}'', born on [[February 24]], [[1989]] in [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]], [[Ohio]], [[United States|U.S.]]) is a [[Greek American]] professional basketball player. He was selected by the [[Utah Jazz]] with the 23rd overall pick in the [[2008 NBA Draft]]. Koufos played basketball for [[Ohio State University]] for one year before declaring for the [[2008 NBA Draft]]. Koufos holds [[dual citizenship]] of both the [[United States]] and [[Greece]], but has chosen to play for the [[Greece national basketball team|Greek national team]]. |
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== High school career == |
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A '''Picardy third''' (also known as '''Tierce de Picardie''') is a harmonic device used in [[European classical music]]. |
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Koufos attended [[GlenOak High School]] in [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]], [[Ohio]]. He was a McDonald's All-American as a senior, and ranked #3 center of the 2007 high school class by ''[[Rivals.com]]''.<ref>[http://rivalshoops.rivals.com/viewrank.asp?ra_key=1437 Rivals.com 2007 center ranking]</ref> He also played for the AAU team sponsored by [[LeBron James]]. |
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In 2007, Koufos finished second to Buckeye teammate Jon Diebler in the Mr. Ohio Basketball voting. During his senior season with GlenOak, Koufos was named the Division I player of the year and was first-team all-state. He also earned first-team Northeast Inland all-district honors. |
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It refers to the use of a major chord of the tonic at the end of a musical [[Musical form|section]] which is either [[musical mode|modal]] or in a [[minor key]]. This is achieved by raising the third of the expected [[minor triad]] by a [[semitone]] to create a [[major triad]], as a form of [[resolution (music)|resolution]].<ref>''[[The Oxford Companion to Music]]'', Oxford University Press, 1955 ([[Percy Scholes]], ed.)</ref> |
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The 2007 McDonald’s and EA Sports All-American, Koufos averaged 25.9 points, 15.4 rebounds and 5.2 blocks per game. He was instrumental in GlenOak snapping [[Canton McKinley High School|Canton McKinley’s]] 41-game win streak in January 2007 when he posted 32 points, 19 rebounds and 10 blocks to help the Golden Eagles edge the Bulldogs, 56-55, in overtime. The next day, Koufos recorded 32 points, 15 rebounds and seven blocks against [[Detroit Country Day School|Detroit Country Day]], the No. 2 team in the state of Michigan, to lead GlenOak to its ninth-consecutive victory. |
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For example, instead of a [[Cadence (music)|cadence]] ending on an A minor [[chord (music)|chord]] containing the notes A, C, and E, a ''tierce de Picardie'' ending would consist of an [[A major]] chord containing the notes A, C#, and E. Note that the minor third between the A and C of the A minor chord has become a major third in the ''tierce de Picardie'' chord. |
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As a junior, Koufos averaged 24 points, 11.1 rebounds and four blocks per game and was named second-team all-state. |
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The Picardy third does not necessarily occur at the end of a section: it can be found at any [[Cadence (music)|perfect cadence]] or [[Cadence (music)|plagal cadence]] where the prevailing key is minor. |
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In April 2007, Koufos was a member of the Royal team in the Jordan All-American Classic in Madison Square Garden. |
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The "reverse" Picardy third, where an expected major chord is replaced by its minor equivalent, is almost never used at the end of a work - an example of this rarity is in [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]]'s Characteristic Piece Op. 7 No. 7 in E. A similar effect, often used, is created with a [[deceptive cadence]] in the [[relative minor]] key (for example, in C major, replacing the expected tonic chord with A minor); this effect utilises the lowered third but without affirming the tonic key. |
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== College career == |
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==Example== |
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In 2007, Koufos joined the [[Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball|Ohio State Buckeyes]], where he replaced [[Greg Oden]] at center. He also turned down a multi-million dollar offer by [[Olympiacos BC]], a [[A1 Ethniki|Greek League]] basketball club.<ref>[http://www.sportingnews.com/yourturn/viewtopic.php?t=285793 SportingNews: Koufos is Ohio State's Oden encore]</ref> He was named MVP of the [[2008 National Invitation Tournament|2008]] [[National Invitation Tournament|NIT]] after leading the Buckeyes to the championship by defeating [[UMass Minutemen basketball|UMass]] 92-85. |
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Here is an example from [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s cantata ''[[Ich habe genug]]'' ([[BWV]] 82)in G Minor at a [[cadence (music)|cadence]] in the right-hand of a [[Figured bass|realised]] [[continuo]] part. |
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At the conclusion of his freshman year at Ohio State, Koufos averaged 14.4 points, 6.7 rebounds, and 1.8 blocks per game. He scored a total of 534 points, 66 of them coming from behind the arc. |
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[[Image:Tierce_de_Picardie_in_ich_habe_genug.jpg]] |
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==NBA career== |
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What makes this cadence a ''tierce de Picardie'' is shown by the red natural sign – instead of the expected B flat (which would make the chord minor) the accidental gives us a B natural, making the chord major. |
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On [[April 21]], [[2008]], Koufos declared himself eligible for the [[2008 NBA Draft]], but initially chose not to hire an [[sports agent|agent]]; this would have allowed him to return to Ohio State if he withdrew from the draft on or before the [[June 16]] withdrawal deadline. However, at the same time, it was speculated that he would leave the Buckeyes anyway to sign a professional contract in Greece.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://msn.foxsports.com/cbk/story/8056224/Buckeyes'-Koufos-will-declare,-won't-hire-agent |title=Buckeyes' Koufos will declare, won't hire agent |first=Jeff |last=Goodman |publisher=''[[Fox Sports (USA)|FoxSports.com]]'' |date=[[2008-04-21]] |accessdate=2008-04-22}}</ref> On [[May 8]], the ''[[Canton Repository]]'' reported that Koufos signed with Cleveland-based agent [[Mark Termini]], thereby ending his college eligibility.<ref>[http://www.cantonrep.com/index.php?Category=17&ID=411404&subCategoryID=30 Koufos hires Cleveland-based agent]</ref> |
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Koufos was selected by the [[NBA]] team the [[Utah Jazz]] with the 23rd overall pick in the [[2008 NBA Draft]]. |
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Other examples include the last chord in the first movement of [[Bach]]'s [[Double Violin Concerto (Bach)|Concerto for Two Violins in D minor]] and the final chord in [[Gregorio Allegri]]'s ''[[Miserere (Allegri)|Miserere Mei, Deus]]''. The Bach is a good example of the "stable" character of a Picardy third, while the ''Miserere Mei'' can easily be interpreted as "bittersweet". |
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== International career == |
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Listen here: [http://www.musicaficta.org/Discography.html Miserere] |
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Koufos was a member of the Greek junior national team at the 2007 [[FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship]] in [[Spain]]. He led his team to the final game and although Greece lost to Serbia, Koufos won the tournament's [[MVP]] award after leading the competition in points, rebounds and blocked shots.<ref>[http://www.fibaeurope-u18men.com/en/default.asp?coid={E86B7310-B1A7-41B0-BD1E-4BB884CF96EA}&articleMode=on FIBA Europe: Koufos Named MVP]</ref> Koufos is considered the top Greek basketball talent since [[Efthimios Rentzias]], who was named the [[MVP]] of the 1995 [[FIBA Under-21 World Championship]]. |
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<br> [http://msn-cnet.com.com/trioconbrio/3615-8167_32-100143496.html?tag=MDL_listing#100311194 Concerto for Two Violins] |
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== Personal == |
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[[Thomas Bateson]]'s 15th century [[Madrigal (music)|madrigal]] 'Your Shining Eyes' features use of the Picardy third in bar 16. |
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Koufos is the son of Katerina and the late Alex Koufos. He has one brother, Vasilios, and a sister, Maria. |
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== References == |
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A more modern example is found in [[The Beatles]]' "[[And I Love Her]]", which closes on a D major chord from a final passage in the key of F major/D minor. Other modern examples include [[Roundabout (song)|Roundabout]] by the band [[Yes (band)|Yes]] and [[Sweet Child o' Mine]] by [[Guns N' Roses]]. |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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==History== |
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*{{youtube|q1PoFEVY4zo|Koufos' highlights from 2007 Under-18 Euro}} |
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The origins of the term are obscure. An idea that was repeated as fact for some time, but which turns out to have no provable basis, was that expounded by [[Rousseau]] in his 1767 ''Theory of Music'': that this form of ending survived longest in church music, and due to the great number of cathedrals in historical French province of [[Picardy]]. More plausible is the idea that the North of France, and Flanders, were influential in the development of [[counterpoint|contrapuntal music]] in the fifteenth century. |
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*[http://www.nba.com/draft2008/profiles/KostaKoufos.html NBA.com draft 2008 profile] |
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{{start box}} |
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Robert Hall (see references) opines that, instead of deriving from the [[Picardy]] region of France, it comes from the Old French word "picart," meaning "pointed" or "sharp" in northern dialects, and thus refers to the musical sharp that transforms the minor third of the chord into a major third. |
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{{Succession box | title=U18 Men's European Championships MVP | before=[[Nicolas Batum]] | years=2007 | after=[[Donatas Motiejūnas]] }} |
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{{end box}} |
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There is a church in [[Picardie]], [[France]], where due to the [[acoustics]] if a 1st and 5th are sung a major 3rd will be added in. If a minor third is being sung at the same time as the 1st, 5th and major 3rd, this creates [[dissonance]]. If a song was in a minor key then all the short notes of the melody wouldn't have time to get a major third added to them, but for the final long chord it would be dissonant if it was minor, so in that church they finished all minor songs on a major chord. This caught on and other composers started doing it just for the sound. |
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{{2008 NBA Draft}} |
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{{Utah Jazz current roster}} |
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In [[medieval music]], such as that of [[Machaut]], neither major nor minor thirds were considered stable intervals, and so cadences were typically on open [[perfect fifth|fifth]]s. One of the features that marks the transition toward the end of the [[15th century]] from the medieval to the [[Renaissance music|Renaissance]] periods in music is the use of triads, especially Picardy-third triads, to end cadences. The Picardy third continued throughout the Renaissance and [[Baroque music|Baroque]] periods, while the open fifth had become rare by the Baroque period. Examples of the Picardy third can be found throughout the works of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|J.S. Bach]] and his contemporaries, as well as earlier composers such as [[Thoinot Arbeau]] and [[John Blow]]. It was perpetuated in the practice of ''[[musica ficta]]'' and so became a convention. According to some 17th- and early 18th-century sources, the use of a major third as an ending for minor-key pieces was regarded as sufficiently normal that often it was not written in the actual music under the assumption that the performers would realize it anyway. |
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This practice began to decline in the late sixteenth century and by the [[Classical music era|Classical era]] had been more or less discarded, although examples can be found in works by [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]] and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]; and in the [[Romantic music| Romantic]] era, those of Chopin's [[nocturne]]s that are in a minor key almost always end with Picardy thirds. A notable structural employment of this device occurs with the [[Finale]] of the [[Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky)|Tchaikovsky Fifth Symphony]], where the motto theme makes its first appearance in the major mode. The idea was adopted much later by the [[neoclassicism|neoclassical]] movement. |
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It is notable that in the first book of [[J. S. Bach]]'s ''[[The well-tempered clavier]]'' composed in 1722, only one of the twenty-four minor movements fails to end in a Picardy third, whereas in the second book, composed in 1744, fourteen end without it. (Manuscripts vary in some of these cases. This is the case with the single exception in the first book, the G# Minor fugue, which, according to the present Bach Gesellschaft edition, is thought to have been originally composed in G Minor, accounting for the natural sign rather than sharp on the third of the final chord.) |
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==Scientific explanation== |
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It may be possible for the aural effect of the Picardy third to be described scientifically - a major triad can be found in the 4th, 5th, and 6th [[harmonics]] of a major chord, while the minor triad can be found relatively higher in the 10th, 12th, and 15th harmonics of its respective chord. (In the language of the [[harmonic series (music)|harmonic series]], this is equivalent to saying the major chord occupies a lower location in the harmonic series relative to the minor chord.) However, [[psychoacoustics|psychoacousticians]] cannot explain why this difference is perceived by the [[ear]] as being more or less "stable". |
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In addition, the harmonics of the minor chord have a [[Consonance and dissonance|dissonance]] closer to the [[harmonics|fundamental harmonic]] compared to a major chord, which creates more [[beat (acoustics)|beat]]s. Thus a major chord is more [[consonance|consonant]] than a minor one, and is therefore interpreted by the human [[ear]] as being more "stable". |
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==Use in church music== |
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Church music (especially for [[organ (music)|organ]]) typically uses the Picardy third more than other music{{Fact|date=December 2007}}. A well known example is the last chord of the [[Coventry Carol]]. |
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==Interpretation== |
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Performers who subscribe to the ideals of [[Authentic performance|authenticity]] usually consult an [[Urtext edition]] to ensure that an editor has not added or removed any Picardy thirds – where a composer has indicated that a Picardy third should be played, it is not considered correct by current authentic performance practice to remove them. |
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When a composer has not directly indicated a major or minor chord to be played it is occasionally acceptable to add Picardy thirds to a work in the interests of variety, especially in earlier music. This would usually be a decision made by the [[Basso_continuo|continuo]] players in a [[Chamber_music|chamber work]]. For example, in performances of the "Rosary" Violin Sonatas by [[Heinrich Ignaz Biber]], many continuo players add variety to the frequent repetitions in movements consisting of variations by adding the occasional Picardy third. However, over-indulgence of this liberty could weaken the work's structure. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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*Robert A. Hall, Jr., "How Picard was the Picardy Third?," ''Current Musicology'' 19 (1975), pages 78-80. |
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<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] --> |
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==See also== |
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*[[Major/minor (tonal structure)]] |
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{{Persondata |
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[[Category:Musical techniques]] |
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|NAME = Koufos, Kosta |
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[[Category:Intervals]] |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Koufos, Kostas |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[Greek American]] basketball player |
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|DATE OF BIRTH = [[February 24]], [[1989]] |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Canton, Ohio|Canton]], [[Ohio]] |
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|DATE OF DEATH = |
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|PLACE OF DEATH = |
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}} |
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{{BD|1989||Koufos, Kosta}} |
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[[Category:American basketball players]] |
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[[Category:Basketball players from Ohio]] |
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[[Category:People from Canton, Ohio]] |
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[[Category:Greek-Americans]] |
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[[Category:Greek basketball players]] |
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[[Category:Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball players]] |
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[[Category:Utah Jazz players]] |
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[[Category:Utah Jazz draft picks]] |
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[[Category:Centers (basketball)]] |
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[[de: |
[[de:Kosta Koufos]] |
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[[el:Κώστας Κουφός]] |
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[[fr:Tierce picarde]] |
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[[ |
[[es:Kosta Koufos]] |
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[[ja: |
[[ja:コスタ・コフォス]] |
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[[simple:Tierce de Picardie]] |
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[[sl:Pikardijska terca]] |
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[[sr:Пикардијска терца]] |
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Revision as of 01:04, 10 October 2008
| No. 41 – Utah Jazz | |
|---|---|
| Position | Center |
| League | NBA |
| Personal information | |
| Born | February 24, 1989 Canton, Ohio, U.S. |
| Nationality | American / Greek |
| Listed height | 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m) |
| Listed weight | 265 lb (120 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | GlenOak, Canton |
| College | Ohio State |
| NBA draft | 2008: 23rd overall |
| Selected by the Utah Jazz | |
| Playing career | 2008–present |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| 2007 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship MVP 2008 National Invitation Tournament MVP | |
| Stats at NBA.com | |
| Stats at Basketball-Reference.com | |
Konstantine Demetrios “Kosta” Koufos (in Greek: Κώστας Κουφός or Kóstas Koufós, born on February 24, 1989 in Canton, Ohio, U.S.) is a Greek American professional basketball player. He was selected by the Utah Jazz with the 23rd overall pick in the 2008 NBA Draft. Koufos played basketball for Ohio State University for one year before declaring for the 2008 NBA Draft. Koufos holds dual citizenship of both the United States and Greece, but has chosen to play for the Greek national team.
High school career
Koufos attended GlenOak High School in Canton, Ohio. He was a McDonald's All-American as a senior, and ranked #3 center of the 2007 high school class by Rivals.com.[1] He also played for the AAU team sponsored by LeBron James.
In 2007, Koufos finished second to Buckeye teammate Jon Diebler in the Mr. Ohio Basketball voting. During his senior season with GlenOak, Koufos was named the Division I player of the year and was first-team all-state. He also earned first-team Northeast Inland all-district honors.
The 2007 McDonald’s and EA Sports All-American, Koufos averaged 25.9 points, 15.4 rebounds and 5.2 blocks per game. He was instrumental in GlenOak snapping Canton McKinley’s 41-game win streak in January 2007 when he posted 32 points, 19 rebounds and 10 blocks to help the Golden Eagles edge the Bulldogs, 56-55, in overtime. The next day, Koufos recorded 32 points, 15 rebounds and seven blocks against Detroit Country Day, the No. 2 team in the state of Michigan, to lead GlenOak to its ninth-consecutive victory.
As a junior, Koufos averaged 24 points, 11.1 rebounds and four blocks per game and was named second-team all-state.
In April 2007, Koufos was a member of the Royal team in the Jordan All-American Classic in Madison Square Garden.
College career
In 2007, Koufos joined the Ohio State Buckeyes, where he replaced Greg Oden at center. He also turned down a multi-million dollar offer by Olympiacos BC, a Greek League basketball club.[2] He was named MVP of the 2008 NIT after leading the Buckeyes to the championship by defeating UMass 92-85.
At the conclusion of his freshman year at Ohio State, Koufos averaged 14.4 points, 6.7 rebounds, and 1.8 blocks per game. He scored a total of 534 points, 66 of them coming from behind the arc.
NBA career
On April 21, 2008, Koufos declared himself eligible for the 2008 NBA Draft, but initially chose not to hire an agent; this would have allowed him to return to Ohio State if he withdrew from the draft on or before the June 16 withdrawal deadline. However, at the same time, it was speculated that he would leave the Buckeyes anyway to sign a professional contract in Greece.[3] On May 8, the Canton Repository reported that Koufos signed with Cleveland-based agent Mark Termini, thereby ending his college eligibility.[4]
Koufos was selected by the NBA team the Utah Jazz with the 23rd overall pick in the 2008 NBA Draft.
International career
Koufos was a member of the Greek junior national team at the 2007 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship in Spain. He led his team to the final game and although Greece lost to Serbia, Koufos won the tournament's MVP award after leading the competition in points, rebounds and blocked shots.[5] Koufos is considered the top Greek basketball talent since Efthimios Rentzias, who was named the MVP of the 1995 FIBA Under-21 World Championship.
Personal
Koufos is the son of Katerina and the late Alex Koufos. He has one brother, Vasilios, and a sister, Maria.
References
- ^ Rivals.com 2007 center ranking
- ^ SportingNews: Koufos is Ohio State's Oden encore
- ^ Goodman, Jeff (2008-04-21). "Buckeyes' Koufos will declare, won't hire agent". FoxSports.com. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ Koufos hires Cleveland-based agent
- ^ FIBA Europe: Koufos Named MVP