National strategy on biodiversity

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The National Strategy for Biodiversity (also: National Biodiversity Strategy , NBS for short) is a political strategy for the preservation and restoration of the diversity of landscapes, of plants and animals in the territory of the Federal Republic including its sea ​​areas . The German federal government passed the strategy on November 7th, 2007, thereby fulfilling a mandate from the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As a signatory to this convention, the Federal Republic of Germany committed itself in 1992 to making its contribution to the preservation of species and habitats.

The strategy aims to achieve 330 goals and around 430 measures with a time horizon up to 2020, through which the decline in biodiversity is to be halted. The implementation status is repeatedly assessed using indicators. The results will be published.

process

A draft for a national strategy for the conservation of biological diversity in Germany was already available in 1995. In the same year there was a “National Report on the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity” by the federal government. Further national reports followed in 1998 and 2001. In 2002 a report according to Art. 6 of the CBD on “Strategies for the Implementation of the CBD in Germany” was published. Another national report on the implementation of the convention followed in 2005. In 2004 and 2005 a further draft of a “national strategy” was drawn up, but it was only published two years later, in May 2007. The Federal Environment Ministry (BMU) finally started implementing the National Strategy on Biodiversity in December 2007 and was planning an extensive process to include many social groups. This finally implemented a resolution of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

The federal states not only have general responsibility for nature conservation in federal Germany, they are also important as experts and strategic partners for the further planning and implementation of the strategy.

A national forum on biological diversity takes place every year. It serves to network the actors with one another and takes up current priorities from the ongoing NBS implementation process. Topic-specific dialogue forums have been held since 2008. The aim of these events is to work with stakeholder groups to find ways to achieve the goals. In the course of regional forums in 2008, the NBS was made known in various regions of Germany and key issues of the strategy were discussed.

Federal program for biological diversity

The national strategy on biological diversity has been implemented since 2011 through the federal program on biological diversity (Leben.natur.vielfalt) . In the coalition agreement of 2009 , there were to an agreement. Projects that contribute to the protection of species or habitats or increase social awareness of biological diversity are named as funding priorities:

  • Types of responsibility : 25 animal and 15 plant species that only occur in Germany ( endemic species ) or make up a high proportion of the world population ( biodiversity hotspot )
  • Biodiversity hotspots : Within the hotspot regions - with around 11 percent of the area in Germany - 30 eligible focal points with a high density and diversity of characteristic species, populations and habitats are named. Projects must "make a significant contribution to the sustainable development and optimization of the entire hotspot."
  • Compensation for Ecosystem Services ( Payments for ecosystem services ): ecosystem services of the natural environment have a high economic value to humans for their livelihoods. The provision of drinking water , food and energy sources, carbon storage as a contribution to climate protection , flood protection , and the importance of natural areas for health and recreation are mentioned. The focus is on floodplains
  • Representative measures with federal interests : overarching or topic-specific communication, education and acceptance projects. Projects for the development of urban spaces in accordance with nature and climate protection. Projects to decouple and reconnect ecosystems and landscapes. Expansion of the German clearing house mechanism of the UN Biodiversity Convention.
List of 40 types of responsibility

From the Bechstein's bat ( Myotis bechsteinii ) to the European wildcat ( Felis silvestris silvestris ) 5 mammal species are named. Birds: Mountain duck ( Aythya marila marila ), golden plover ( Pluvialis apricaria altifrons ), lapwing ( Vanellus vanellus ), middle woodpecker ( Dendrocopos medius ), red kite ( Milvus milvus ), common scoter ( Melanitta nigra nigra ), pygmy swan ( Cywickus columbianus ). Amphibians: Fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ), yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata variegata ). 2 fish, 6 insect and 3 mollusc species (flattened pond mussel , freshwater pearl mussel , common painter's mussel ). 15 types of plants (from Berg-Wohlverleih to yellow calamine pansy ).

The list was drawn up by the BMU and the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation with the involvement of the federal states.

Concrete projects at biodiversity hotspots of national importance
List of biodiversity hotspots in Germany
  1. Allgäu Alps (Allgäu Limestone Alps, Northern Limestone West Alps, Ochsenkopf-Weiherkopf-Schnipperkopf)
  2. Ammergebirge , Nieder Werdenfelser Land and Obere Isar
  3. Alpine foothills between Mangfall and Inn (Inn-Chiemsee-Hügelland)
  4. Ammer-Loisach hill country and Lech foothills with Kempter forest
  5. Upper Swabian hill country and Adelegg (with Pfänder and West Allgäu hill country )
  6. Upper Black Forest with Alb-Wutach area
  7. Swabian Alb
  8. Rear Bavarian Forest
  9. Northern Franconian Alb
  10. Northern Oberrheinebene with Hardt plates ( Hardt levels , Mainz-Ingelheim Rhine valley , ...)
  11. Donnersberg, Palatinate Forest and Haardtrand
  12. Middle Rhine Valley with the Nahe and Moselle side valleys
  13. Saar-Ruwer-Hunsrück, Hoch- and Idarwald and Oberes Nahebergland
  14. Kalk- and Vulkaneifel
  15. Rhön ( Hohe Rhön , eastern Rhön foreland , western and eastern Kuppenrhön )
  16. Thuringian Forest and northern foothills
  17. Werra valley with the Hohem Meißner and Kaufungen forest
  18. South Harz Zechstein belt , Kyffhäuser and Hainleite
  19. resin
  20. Upper Lusatian heather and pond landscapes
  21. Senne with the adjacent Teutoburg Forest
  22. Southern Emsland and northern Westphalian Bay
  23. Hunte-Leda-Moorniederung, Delmenhorster Geest and Hümmling
  24. Lower Wümmeniederung with Teufelsmoor and Wesermünder Geest
  25. Mecklenburgisch-Brandenburgisches Kleinseenland ( Neustrelitzer Kleinseenland , Templiner Platte , Woldegk- Feldberger Hügelland)
  26. Schorfheide with Neuenhagener Oderinsel
  27. Schleswig-Holstein Baltic Sea coast, fishing, swans , Danish Wohld (with glacial channels - landscape of the Baltic Sea fjord Schlei)
  28. West Mecklenburg Baltic Sea coast and Lübeck basin ( Wakenitz-Rinne , Untertrave - Förde)
  29. Vorpommersche Boddenlandschaft and Rostock Heath
  30. Usedom Island and East Western Pomerania Coast

There is also a map and brief descriptions with characteristics and detailed maps on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation.

Other specific projects (as of April 2013)
  • Floodplain development and floodplain network on the Lower Middle Elbe - Securing biological diversity and the ecosystem services of floodplains using the example of the UNESCO biosphere reserve Elbe river landscape : Hohe Garbe and Elbe section from Dömitz to Wittenberge , running from November 11, 2012 to October 31, 2017 with a total Financial volume of 3.64 million euros
  • Lebendige Luppe  - Attractive floodplain landscape as Leipzig's lifeline : with a term from May 1, 2012 to March 31, 2018, a total financial volume of 6.7 million euros is calculated.
  • Aller project (Aktion Fischotterschutz eV),
  • BeachExplorer (environmental observation and environmental education in the Wadden Sea, Wadden Sea protection station )
  • Project funding in Wälderhaus Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg (Science Center forest with 650m 2 of exhibition space for the International Garden Exhibition igs 2013 German Forest Protection Association , contract value of 508,748 euros)
  • Focus on biological diversity - from nature experience to political education : development of teaching materials, nature conservation youth , running from December 1, 2012 to May 31, 2016
  • Securing biological diversity through further development of the Green Belt

Other goals

The NBS wants to push ahead with the expansion of the biotope network and the network of protected areas, as is already the aim of the Natura 2000 network . Species protection and the preservation of genetic diversity are also to be strengthened through scientific networks (research networks). The legal instruments include the Washington Convention on the Protection of Species and the Federal Nature Conservation Act . The use of genetically modified organisms should be subject to strict approval procedures, but this has not been specified.

For bodies of water, the EU's Water Framework Directive provides targets for the ecological improvement of rivers and lakes . In addition to reducing pollution, the main aim is to increase permeability. Since the areas used for agriculture and forestry together still make up almost 80% of the area of ​​Germany, diversity in agriculture is promoted.

The implementation of the strategy needs social support. That is why the monitoring of social awareness of nature, nature conservation and biological diversity is set as a specific goal in the NBS. In Chapter B5 it says: "In 2015, at least 75 percent of the population will consider the preservation of biological diversity to be one of the priority social tasks. The importance of biological diversity is firmly anchored in social consciousness. People's actions are increasingly based on it leads to a significant decrease in the burden on biological diversity. " With the nature awareness studies , the data required for the calculation of the indicator on the "importance of environmental policy goals and tasks" are collected every two years. From the study findings, important information for nature conservation policy, general and target group-specific nature conservation communication and educational work can also be derived.

Another aspect is nature conservation in development cooperation : the preservation of genetic resources and benefit sharing (ABS) should be supported. Examples of good practice and research results are to be made available to poorer countries, and the importance of biodiversity in poverty reduction and development cooperation is to be made more visible.

Results

The success of the strategy can be seen from so-called "biodiversity parameters". The diversity of organisms and landscapes is measured on various spatial and functional scales.

In addition to the classic biologically oriented disciplines such as taxonomy or ecology , it also includes a large proportion of sociological and economic aspects and disciplines in the NBS process. As part of the work of Diversitas Germany, this interdisciplinary approach is to be increasingly developed in Germany.

Nature Conservation Offensive 2020

In 2014, a so-called “indicator report” on the national strategy was presented. This made it clear that the previous measures to protect and maintain biological diversity are far from being sufficient to achieve the goals of the strategy. That is why the Federal Environment Minister Barbara Hendricks started a “Nature Conservation Offensive 2020” in October 2015. In it, the BMU makes it clear in which fields of action too little is happening and more efforts are necessary. A list was again defined with the ten most important fields and 40 urgent measures named.

criticism

In a joint paper in 2010, NABU and BUND criticized the fact that biodiversity policy is not only directed at the respective departments responsible for nature conservation, but is a cross-cutting task that not only supports the efforts of the environment ministries, but also B. also require the transport, economy and agriculture ministries.

The parliamentary group of Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen criticized in 2011 that the implementation of the national strategy on biodiversity was not convincing: the federal program for biological diversity was significantly underfunded with 15 million euros. After all, these funds would be offset by more than 3,000 times (48 billion euros) in environmentally harmful subsidies . Anyone who wants to preserve ecosystem services as a livelihood must provide more than pocket money for nature. In addition, inter-departmental instruments that combat the causes of the loss of biodiversity cannot be replaced by large-scale nature conservation projects.

In 2012, NABU pointed out that in most of the federal states there were still no specific guidelines for protecting the diversity of species , habitats and the genetic heritage of nature. Strategies were only adopted in Berlin and Thuringia and were planned for 2012 in Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia. As one of the key demands for the 2013 federal election , NABU also demanded that the federal program biodiversity be financially strengthened and increased to a volume of 100 million euros by 2016. In order to achieve the goal, it is also essential to secure a further 30,000 hectares in federal ownership permanently as a national natural heritage .

See also

literature

  • Jonna Küchler-Krischun, Reinhard Piechocki : The draft of the national strategy for biological diversity: from concrete visions to political fields of action. In: Nature and Landscape . Vol. 80, No. 8, 2005, pp. 355-363.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ List of Parties , Convention on Biological Diversity. Retrieved November 15, 2013.
  2. Securing ecosystem services ( Memento of the original from April 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, accessed April 15, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.biologische-vielfalt.de
  3. ↑ List of animals and plants of the particularly promoted types of responsibility , Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, accessed April 15, 2013
  4. ^ Upper Rhine lifeline - natural diversity from wet to dry , Upper Rhine lifeline, NABU Naturschutzbund Deutschland eV, accessed on March 4, 2017
  5. Wildcat Jump: The Networking, BUND (Friends of the Earth Germany) , accessed on August 8, 2013
  6. Brief profile of the project on the Bechstein bat in the Rhine-Taunus Nature Park
  7. Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Hotspots of Biodiversity in Germany (accessed: June 3, 2019)
  8. Project Lebendige Luppe, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 15, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.biologische-vielfalt.de
  9. BMU (Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety) 2007: National Strategy for Biological Diversity. Environmental Policy Series. Berlin. [www.bfn.de/fileadmin/BfN/biologischerevielfalt/Dokumente/broschuere_biolog_vielfalt_strategy_bf.pdf].
  10. Website of the Federal Environment Ministry - BMUB: National Strategy. In: www.bmub.bund.de. Retrieved December 17, 2016 .
  11. Biodiversity protection in Germany - BUND and NABU evaluate the activities of the federal states in the implementation of the strategy for biological diversity ( Memento of August 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), publication by BUND and NABU (PDF, 1 MB)
  12. Implementation of the national biodiversity strategy is not making progress ( memento from April 29, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), Bündnis-90 / Die-Grünen parliamentary group, February 17, 2011
  13. NABU PRESS SERVICE NO. 25/12; March 2, 2012 Nature Conservation / Species Protection Day (March 3). NABU Atlas shows a shameful picture of species and nature conservation in Germany
  14. NABU core demands for the 2013 federal election, effectively protecting biological diversity