Hubert Burda Media

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hubert Burda Media Holding limited partnership

logo
legal form Limited partnership
founding 1903
Seat Offenburg , GermanyGermanyGermany 
management
Number of employees 12,300 (2019)
sales 2.79 billion euros (2019)
Branch Media / Publishing
Website hubert-burda-media.de
As of December 31, 2019

Corporate headquarters in Offenburg

The Hubert Burda Media is an international German media company with headquarters in Baden-Württemberg Offenburg .

Its history goes back to the printing works founded by Franz Burda I (1873–1929) in Philippsburg in 1903 . Under Franz Burda , the founder's son, the company prospered during the Nazi era , when it profited from the Aryanization of a Jewish printing company and specialized in printing cards for the Wehrmacht .

In the post-war decades, the company grew organically and through acquisitions . In 1986 the group of companies was split up between the three sons Franz , Frieder and Hubert Burda . In the 1980s and 1990s, the medium-sized Burda publishing house developed into a large corporation, which today is one of the largest media companies in Germany in terms of sales. Well-known media brands are the magazines “ Bunte ” and “ Superillu ”, the women's magazines “ Freund ” and “ InStyle ”, the news magazine “ Focus ” and the computer magazine “ Chip ”. HolidayCheck , Jameda and XING also belong to the group.

history

Wedding photo of Aenne and Franz Burda senior (1931)

Founding as a printing company

From 1903 Franz Burda ("I."), father of Franz Burda senior ("II.") And grandfather of Franz Burda junior ("III.") Ran a small print shop in Philippsburg . This was not economically successful, which is why Burda opened a new company in Offenburg in 1908.

1927 the company launched the first Radio - TV magazine Germany's "The Sürag" on the market, in the subtitle the big radio magazine . their name was based on the name of the Süddeutscher Rundfunk . The initial print run was 3000 copies. In 1929 Franz Burda senior took over his father's business and took over the editorial management of Sürag. He expanded the business significantly. At the beginning of the 1930s, the magazine had a circulation of over 85,000 copies, the number of employees rose from 3 to around 100. However, the actual rise of the company did not begin until 1934 with the new construction of the printing plant and the conversion to the gravure printing process .

Business in the Nazi era

On April 2, 1933, Franz Burda emphasized the National Socialist sentiment of his company in Sürag . He declared that he had no Jewish employees or shareholders. Previously, advertisers from the National Socialist program magazines NS-Funk and Der Deutsche Sender had made contrary claims.

As part of the aryanization (also called “de-Judgment”), Burda took the opportunity in September 1938 to buy the Gebrüder Bauer printing works in Mannheim at a reasonable price together with Karl Fritz, the owner of Südwestdruck . The shareholders of the printing house were Jews: Berthold, Karl and Ludwig Reiss. It was one of the largest and most modern printing companies in the German Empire; it employed 250 to 300 people, was working at full capacity and achieved annual sales of 1.5 to 2 million Reichsmarks (RM). According to the purchase agreement, RM 375,000 had to be paid for the printing machines and RM 211,000 for the company property. Apparently, compensation for future lost profits was also agreed, which increased the purchase price to RM 800,000. Berthold Reiss remained employed in the Mannheim company for a few months and managed the company together with Franz Burda, a member of the NSDAP since October 1, 1938 . In October 1939, on the initiative of Karl Fritz, the purchase price was lowered by 200,000 RM, and Burda agreed to this request. The reason they cited was that the Mannheim company was "'run down', the machines old, the profits not as high as claimed". The purchase price actually paid was 545,000 RM.

At the beginning of the Second World War , Burda had around 600 employees. In 1941 the production of the magazine “Die Sürag” was discontinued due to the war. Instead, the company printed maps for the Army High Command and aerial photos in multi-colored gravure printing for the Air Force . The Cherkassy sheet of the Cartographic Institute Dr. Franz Burda was considered to be the world's first multi-colored rotogravure card. The Mannheim plant, which was destroyed by bombing, was relocated to Lahr- Dinglingen in 1943 .

The history of Burda Verlag during the Third Reich was described, for example, by Salomon Korn , Vice President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany , as a "lesson for future generations about the question of guilt and conscience, about entanglement and dealing with this legacy".

After the Second World War

On September 17, 1945, Berthold Reiss, the only survivor of the previous owners, Fritz and Burda, accused the Bauer brothers of having acquired the Bauer brothers at a low price and applied for the confiscation of Burda's property. Reiss and Burda met on October 3 and 4, 1945, and they agreed on compensation for their claims. Reiss withdrew the lawsuit and certified Burda to have behaved correctly towards him. In October 1948 it was agreed: “The amount of 205,000 Reichsmarks deducted from the purchase price is to be paid, plus interest and 'compensation for the goodwill ', a total of 323,000 new German marks . In addition, a settlement was made which contained a final severance payment of 120,000 marks ”. The company "Gebr. Bauer oHG ”was later deleted from the commercial register and continued as a Burda company. After the death of Berthold Reiss (1951), Erich Bauer, co-heir of the Bauer brothers, also demanded compensation: a third of the Burda operation or 1 million marks. Erich Bauer was awarded 250,000 marks by the highest court.

From 1945 the company printed school books and postage stamps for the French occupation zone and the French soldiers' newspaper "Revue d'Information". After Franz Burda senior had received the order from the French authorities to publish a magazine , the picture magazine “Das Ufer”, a forerunner of the “ Bunter ” (“Bunte Illustrierte”), appeared for the first time in 1948 , against the resistance of many French officers. The license for “Das Ufer” was issued in the name of a straw woman. The French occupiers were still responsible for compiling the editorial part of the paper.

Aenne Burda , wife of Franz Burda senior, built up the A. Burda fashion publisher after the end of the war. His most important publication from 1950 was Burda Moden , a magazine for sewing patterns. The first edition of the forerunner under the name “Favorit” came on the market in 1949. In just a few years, the circulation rose from an initial 100,000 to around half a million copies. Aenne Burda became by far the largest customer of her husband's print shop, who formally had no say in her company. She only involved her children as limited partners . In 1954, Aenne Burda gave the publishing house a new headquarters on Kestendamm in Offenburg, designed by architect Egon Eiermann . The so-called “ Burda Staffel ”, three Piper PA-18 aircraft with banners on the stern, advertised the Burdas' magazines from 1954/55 .

Expansion through acquisitions

In 1960 Burda took over the “ Münchner Illustrierte ”, which was integrated into the “Bunte”. In the period that followed, the company expanded its location in the Bavarian capital; Munich became the company's second headquarters next to Offenburg . In 1961 the printing plant in Offenburg was converted to modern rotogravure printing . In addition, the 67 meter high Burda skyscraper was inaugurated , which has developed into a landmark of the city. As early as the 1950s, a chimney of the printing works with elevator and terrace restaurant served as a lookout point. In 1962, Burda bought the majority of the Neue Verlags-Gesellschaft, based in Karlsruhe, known for the magazines “ Freund ” and “Film Revue”. At the end of the 1940s, Marie-Pierre Kœnig , commander in chief of the French troops in Germany and military governor of the French zone of occupation , was the head of the publishing house. In 1953, Karl Fritz, who had acquired the Bauer printing company with Burda in 1938, finally bought the Neue Verlag-Gesellschaft. With the takeover in 1962, the Bambi film award came to Burda-Verlag. In 1963, Burda also acquired the traditional “Frankfurter Illustrierte”, which was also integrated into “Bunte”. From then on the paper was called “Bunte Münchner Frankfurter Illustrierte”.

Hubert Burda joins the company

In 1966 Hubert Burda joined the company. After completing his doctorate in art history and doing various internships, Franz Burda initially made him head of the Munich publishing house. Burda had to discontinue the men's magazine “M”, which was launched at the end of the 1960s with advertising expenditure worth millions, after twelve issues, which caused the publisher to lose millions. In 1973, Franz Burda senior then largely withdrew from the business: He made his children Franz junior , Frieder and Hubert into managing partners. While Franz Burda junior was responsible for the printing works, Frieder Burda took care of the finances and administration of the house. Hubert Burda directed all publishing activities. He also worked as an editor for “Bunte”, was editor-in-chief and in 1976 was promoted to editor-in-chief . Influenced by Andy Warhol , he initiated the change of the magazine from a classic magazine to a modern general-interest magazine (“People-Magazin”). In 1983 the "Bunte" editorial team moved from Offenburg to Munich. The offices were in the newly built headquarters of the Burda publishing house at Arabellapark , where the company is still located today.

Division of the company

Over the years, numerous acquisitions and sales from the printing and publishing house resulted in a large group of companies that was reorganized after the death of Franz Burda senior in 1986. The brothers Franz and Frieder took over all participations, including in the US printing works, German paper mills and Austrian press sales. The most lucrative were the shares in the Berlin publishing house Axel Springer , which distributed dividends in the millions. As early as 1983 Burda had bought a total of 24.9% in Axel Springer. Franz and Frieder bundled their holdings in F + F Burda KG, based in Baden-Baden. Hubert Burda became the sole shareholder of Burda GmbH based in Offenburg. The German printing and publishing activities were bundled in this company. With the separation of the operating business of the stake in Axel Springer owners avoid antitrust problems. This enabled Franz Burda junior and Frieder Burda to increase their stake to a blocking minority . In 1988 they surprisingly sold their shares again to the heirs of Axel Springer, although they had actually aimed for a majority in Axel Springer with Leo Kirch . Hubert Burda questioned the legality of the transaction, he asserted a right of first refusal for the Springer shares. However, the courts did not follow his reasoning.

Development into a media group

At the same time as the legal dispute with his brothers, Hubert Burda's publishing house had to cope with declining sales. This only changed at the end of the 1980s, in particular the range of the “Bunte” recovered. The decisive factor for the further growth of the company was the expansion to the east: In 1987 “ Burda Moden ” was sold as the first western magazine in the Soviet Union. After German reunification , Burda launched the “ Superillu ” in cooperation with Gong Verlag . It saw itself as "integration and life support in the growing together of East and West" and became one of the best-selling magazines in the new federal states . In contrast, the East German tabloid "Super!", Which was launched in 1992, failed. In order to compensate for the resulting losses, Burda even had to sell the headquarters at Arabellapark. The successful start of “ Focus ” made up for the problems: Founded in 1993 by Hubert Burda and Helmut Markwort, the magazine had around 15,000 subscribers after five issues and had a circulation of 300,000 copies. "Focus" later sold even more advertisements than " Der Spiegel ". The “focus” was an important factor in the development of Burda Verlag into a media group.

When Aenne Burda withdrew in 1994, Hubert Burda bought all the shares of the other family members and thus became the sole owner of her publishing house. It was incorporated into the group, but continued to act largely independently in terms of content. At the turn of the year 1994/1995, Burda bundled its radio and TV shares and introduced the profit center structure that is still in force today . In addition, the group pushed internationalization by founding various foreign subsidiaries .

Investing in digital activities

From 1995 onwards, Burda invested more heavily in digital business models and created its own division for this purpose. One of the first actions involved was Europa Online, a Luxembourg online service . At the beginning of 1996, Burda launched “ Focus Online ”, the first editorial news service, and other websites followed. Although Europa Online proved unsuccessful, Burda continued its expansion on the Internet. In 2000, the group combined its digital businesses in Focus Digital AG, which merged with Tomorrow Internet AG to form what was then the largest internet group. To accommodate the change in business, the company changed its name to "Hubert Burda Media" in the late 1990s. A corresponding lettering was also attached to the Burda Medien Park in Offenburg, which opened in 2000 : The futuristic new building was built on the site of the former Kinzig Stadium. The Burda Journalism School moved there in 2001 .

In 2000, Hubert Burda Media's total output exceeded three billion marks for the first time .

In 2005, Hubert Burda Media initiated the international conference and innovation platform Digital Life Design (DLD). Since its inception, it has attracted well-known thought leaders, internet investors and companies to Munich. In 2007, the group took over the remaining shares in the Vogel Burda joint venture, which includes the computer magazine " Chip " founded in 1978 and the technology portal " Chip Online ". In 2009, Burda joined the social network XING : the media group initially bought 25.1% of the shares, and three years later it took over the majority. In 2012, an article in Manager Magazin classified this as a further important step in Burda's digital expansion.

Handover of operational management

Hubert Burda Media Tower

Hubert Burda announced on the occasion of his 70th birthday that he would be withdrawing from operational business. At the turn of the year 2009/10 Paul-Bernhard Kallen was appointed as the new CEO of the group, Hubert Burda remained a publisher and managing partner. Observers, in turn, judged the appointment to strengthen the digital business. Under the direction of Kallens, for example, the group subsidiary Tomorrow Focus started a German-language edition of the “ Huffington Post ”, a world-famous news and discussion platform. In 2013 Hubert Burda Media also took a majority stake in the "Cliqz" web browser , in which the Mozilla Foundation later invested. 2016 called a subsidiary, the open-source - CMS " Thunder " to life, open to the well other media companies.

Hubert Burda Media partner and new group structure

The Hubert Burda Media Holding limited partnership is family owned. In the summer of 2017, the company gave itself a new structure. Hubert Burda holds around 25.01 percent of the company's shares, and almost 37.5 percent each with his children Jacob Burda (* 1990) and Elisabeth Furtwängler (* 1992), who first acquired a stake in the group at the end of 2010.

All three shareholders belong to the board of directors of Hubert Burda Media Holding Management SE , which was founded in 2017 and is chaired by Paul-Bernhard Kallen , who has been responsible for the operative business of Hubert Burda Media as CEO since 2010 . The board consists of five people. Holger Eckstein has been CFO since 2010, Andreas Rittstieg has been responsible for legal and compliance since 2013, and Martin Weiss for international business from 2017. Philipp Welte has been taking care of the national media brands since 2008 .

Under the umbrella company Hubert Burda Media , the group is organized in a decentralized profit center structure. The subsidiaries operate largely independently; procurement , for example, is centrally organized . In 2018, the group's scope of consolidation included a total of 256 companies , 146 of which were headquartered in Germany.

Media and digital brands

Hubert Burda Media includes magazines, magazines, websites, television and radio stations. Various mail order companies as well as service and marketing companies are also part of the group. The commission for determining the concentration in the media sector (KEK) lists over 200 majority or minority holdings for Germany alone. The group and its publisher are considered pioneers in the media industry when it comes to developing digital business models. Hubert Burda Media generates more than half of its sales in this area.

According to the company, around 600 media products are currently published in 17 countries. The most important corporate divisions of the group are Blue Ocean Entertainment , BCN, BurdaDirect, BurdaDruck, BurdaForward, BurdaHome, BurdaInternational, BurdaLife, BurdaNews, BurdaPrincipal Investments, BurdaServices, BurdaStudios, BurdaStyle, BurdaTech, C3 Creative Code and Content , HolidayCheck Group and XING . The areas act as profit centers largely independently.

The best-known media and digital brands from Hubert Burda Media - in chronological order - are:

Colorful

Logo Bunte.svg

The Bunte is a German-language general - interest magazine . The first edition appeared in 1948 under the name "Das Ufer". Under the direction of Hubert Burda , Bunte developed into a modern consumer magazine. Today, Bunte is one of the German magazines with the highest circulation and one of the Group's most popular media brands. After the withdrawal of Patricia Riekel took Robert Pölzer the editorship .

Leisure review

Logo Freizeit Revue.png

The Freizeit Revue is a German-language tabloid magazine . The first edition came out in 1970. The sheet contains, for example, reports from the world of stars, crossword puzzles and advice. Over the years the Freizeit Revue has developed into one of Hubert Burda Media's publications with the highest circulation and highest returns. The editor-in-chief of Freizeit Revue is Kai Winckler.

Super illu

Superillu.gif

The Burda Group founded the German-language illustrated magazine Superillu in 1990 - after German reunification - specifically for the East German market. The paper developed into the most widely read magazine there. The time therefore referred to the Superillu as the "central organ of the East". The magazine not only contained topics close to home, but also changed over the years into a family magazine with a broad range of content. Stefan Kobus is editor-in-chief of the paper.

Focus

Focus-logo.svg

The Focus is a German-language news magazine . It was launched in 1993 as an alternative to the mirror . Today, Focus is one of the three German weekly magazines with the greatest reach. The concept comes from publisher Hubert Burda and founding editor-in-chief Helmut Markwort . Uli Baur is at his side. Robert Schneider has been editor-in-chief of Focus since March 1, 2016 .

Focus Online , one of the German-language websites with the greatest reach, is also part of Hubert Burda Media.

Cyberport

Cyberport Logo.svg

Cyberport is an electronics retailer founded in 1998. The company sells notebooks, tablets, smartphones and other devices both online and in its own stores. A subsidiary of Hubert Burda Media already supported the development of Cyberport with venture capital , in 2000 the group then increased its stake to a majority. Hubert Burda Media has been the sole shareholder since 2017.

InStyle

Logo InStyle.png

In 1998, Hubert Burda Media launched the German-language women's magazine InStyle. It is a licensed product from the US publisher Time . InStyle reports on the fashion and lifestyle of stars and style icons. It is aimed at younger readers. InStyle's editor-in-chief is Kerstin Weng.

chip

Logo-chip-online-newred.svg

Chip was launched in 1978 by Kurt Eckernkamp as the first German-language computer magazine . The magazine developed into the market leader in its segment in terms of circulation and initially entered into a 50/50 joint venture with Burda in 2000 ; Chip has been part of Hubert Burda Media since 2007. Expansion into over a dozen other countries contributed to Chip's success. Acting editor-in-chief is Josef Reitberger.

Chip Online , one of the largest editorial German-language websites, is another digital brand from Hubert Burda Media.

HolidayCheck Group

HolidayCheckGroup AG LOGO.jpg

The global travel and review portals of Hubert Burda Media are bundled in the HolidayCheck Group . In terms of sales, HolidayCheck is one of the leading websites of its kind in Germany. The listed HolidayCheck Group has had her name since 2016, previously the company operated as Tomorrow Focus. This was created in 2001 through the merger of Tomorrow with Focus Digital.

Digital life design

DLD Logo 2017.png

Digital Life Design (DLD for short) is Hubert Burda Media's international conference and innovation platform. It started in 2005 as “Digital Lifestyle Day”. In the following years the DLD developed into an important event for the internet and media industry. Above all, the participation of representatives of the large US corporations receives regular attention.

XING

Xing logo.svg

XING is a German-speaking social network for professional contacts with more than ten million German-speaking members. It was founded in 2003 by Lars Hinrichs under the name OpenBC . Initially, Hubert Burda Media bought a quarter of XING, and in 2012 the group took over the majority. In recent years, XING has primarily been promoting online job placement. In addition, editorial content is being promoted.

Cliqz

Cliqz logo black.png

Cliqz is a web browser with an integrated search engine that was introduced in 2015. It stands out in particular because of its search function without classic results pages and the tracking protection. Cliqz supports the Windows , macOS , iOS and Android operating systems . In 2016, the Mozilla Foundation invested in Cliqz.

literature

Web links

Commons : Hubert Burda Media  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c business register. Bundesanzeiger Verlag , accessed on August 27, 2016 .
  2. ^ Klaus Boldt: Digital instead of feudal . In: Manager Magazin . June 25, 2010, p. 72 : "... of the group founded in 1903 ..." ; Sonja Pohlmann: Mughal and painter: Hubert Burda doesn't want to have any peace at 70 . In: Der Tagesspiegel . February 9, 2010, p. 27 : "... of the publishing house founded in 1903 ..."
  3. ↑ Hubert Burda: A visionary with a long breath . In: Hamburger Abendblatt . February 9, 2015, p. 16 .
  4. ↑ Catrin Bialek, Thomas Tuma: Burda boss Paul-Bernhard Kallen: "The Internet was occupied". In: Handelsblatt. July 21, 2017. Retrieved July 26, 2017 .
  5. ↑ a b c Sven Afhüppe, Kirsten Ludowig: Paul-Bernhard Kallen: "We have to build our own digital infrastructure". In: Handelsblatt. August 3, 2020, accessed on August 3, 2020 .
  6. ↑ The 10 media groups with the highest turnover in Germany. Federal Agency for Civic Education, accessed on October 31, 2016 .
  7. ↑ The ten largest German media groups in 2015. Institute for Media and Communication Policy, accessed on October 31, 2016 .
  8. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 16-17 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e Gisela Freisinger: Hubert Burda: Der Medienfürst . Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-593-37417-X (“Chronicle”).
  10. ^ Hubert Burda: Media in Times of Change . In: Focus magazine . November 12, 2012, p. 134-138 .
  11. ↑ Hans Bredow Institute (ed.): Media AZ . Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-531-14417-0 , pp. 74 .
  12. ↑ Bruno Jahn: The German-language press: A biographical-bibliographical manual . tape 1 . Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-598-11710-8 , p. 156 .
  13. ↑ "The injustice of the Aryanization remains". In: Badische Zeitung. February 25, 2015, accessed June 21, 2016 .
  14. ↑ a b The splendid Franz . In: The daily newspaper . February 22, 2003 ( taz.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  15. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 37 .
  16. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 44-47 .
  17. ↑ Ralf Burgmaier: Reconciliation was only possible with survivors . In: Badische Zeitung . October 22, 2015 ( badische-zeitung.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  18. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 46 .
  19. ↑ Christiane Fritsche: Plundered refunded and compensated. Linearization and compensation in Mannheim, (=  special publication of the City Archives Mannheim - Institute of Urban History . No. 39 ). Regional culture, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg, Neustadt adW, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-772-3 , p. 251 f .
  20. ↑ Christiane Fritsche: Plundered refunded and compensated. Linearization and compensation in Mannheim, (=  special publication of the City Archives Mannheim - Institute of Urban History . No. 39 ). Regional culture, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg, Neustadt adW, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-772-3 , p. 251 f .
  21. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 46 .
  22. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 47 .
  23. ^ After P. Köpf ( Die Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 47 . ) this employment ended at the end of January 1939. Christiane Fritsche ( Looted, repaid and compensated. Aryanization and reparation in Mannheim, (=  special publication of the Mannheim City Archives - Institute for City History . No. 39 ). Regional culture, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg, Neustadt adW, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-772-3 , p. 257 . ) also mentions the end of January 1939. According to other accounts, B. Reiss was employed by Burda until the start of the war. See for example Hans Reiss: memories from 85 years . Petrarca, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-87115-007-4 , p. 66 . Ute Dahmen, too: Senator Dr. Franz Burda. Stories of a lifetime . Petrarca, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-87115-014-2 , pp. 40 and 51 .
  24. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 69 .
  25. ↑ Christiane Fritsche: Plundered refunded and compensated. Linearization and compensation in Mannheim, (=  special publication of the City Archives Mannheim - Institute of Urban History . No. 39 ). Regional culture, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg, Neustadt adW, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-89735-772-3 , p. 254 .
  26. ↑ Ute Dahmen: Senator Dr. Franz Burda. Stories of a lifetime . Petrarca, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-87115-014-2 , pp. 45 .
  27. ↑ a b c d e Power and splendor of colorful pictures . In: The time . November 26, 1982 ( zeit.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  28. ^ Joachim Neumann: The publishing house "Astra" Josef Penyigey-Szabó in Lahr / Baden . A cartographically important company in post-war Germany. In: Cartographic News . No. 4 , 2007, p. 207 ( elte.hu [PDF; accessed on October 31, 2016]).
  29. ↑ a b c d "The injustice of the Aryanization remains" . In: Badische Zeitung . February 25, 2015 ( badische-zeitung.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  30. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 70 f . Quote there p. 71.
  31. ↑ Peter Köpf: The Burdas . Europa Verlag, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-203-79145-5 , p. 72 .
  32. ^ Gisela Freisinger: Hubert Burda. The media prince . Campus, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-593-37417-X , p. 24 .
  33. ↑ Christiane Tewinkel: The denunciation of the knitting needle . In: Der Tagesspiegel . January 4, 2014, p. 25 .
  34. ↑ The myth of sewing patterns . In: World compact . July 28, 2009, p. 3 .
  35. ^ Inge Hufschlag: The fashions of the economic miracle . In: Handelsblatt . July 27, 1999, p. 43 .
  36. ↑ Helmut Seller: “Good architecture is timeless”. In: Badische Zeitung. February 9, 2013, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  37. ↑ a b c d e f history. Hubert Burda Media, accessed on October 31, 2016 .
  38. ↑ Frank Leonhardt: Burda-Staffel flies again . In: Badische Zeitung . October 2, 2009, p. 39 .
  39. ^ Burda: From provincial printing to global corporation. In: Focus Online. February 13, 2015, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  40. ↑ a b Dear Farah . In: Der Spiegel . December 26, 1962 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  41. ^ Matthias Knop: Red roses and white lilacs: the heyday of the film city of Wiesbaden . Ed .: Museum Wiesbaden. 1995, p. 106-107, 159 .
  42. ↑ Pulver and Rühmann in front. In: Bambi. Retrieved October 31, 2016 .
  43. ↑ The publisher Hubert Burda is 65: The constant change leaves no time for retirement . In: Badische Zeitung . February 9, 2005, p. 2 .
  44. ↑ Large German family businesses . Generational succession, family strategy and corporate development. Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-525-40338-9 , pp. 307 .
  45. ↑ Contradicting worlds kept in balance . In: Badische Zeitung . November 9, 2012, p. 22 ( badische-zeitung.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  46. ↑ Hubert Burda and “Patricias Munich”: When Andy Warhol created a work of art from Bunte covers. In: Meedia. July 1, 2016, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  47. ↑ Jörg Isringhaus: How Hubert Burda reinvented the "colorful" . In: Rheinische Post . November 22, 2012.
  48. ↑ Contact. Hubert Burda Media, accessed on October 31, 2016 .
  49. ^ Died: Franz Burda . In: Der Spiegel . October 6, 1986 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  50. ↑ Dr. Franz Burda died . In: Handelsblatt . October 1, 1986, p. 26 .
  51. ↑ a b More scope for investments in the future? In: Handelsblatt . December 24, 1986, p. 9 .
  52. ↑ a b Divide and rule . In: Wirtschaftswoche . January 9, 1987, p. 80 .
  53. ↑ That was 10, 30, 50 years ago . In: Euro on Sunday . January 5, 2013, p. 8 .
  54. ↑ Otto Schily: "Why are you laughing, Mr. Springer?" In: Die Welt . December 3, 2005, p. 9 .
  55. ^ Burda GmbH . Advertising business started well in 1987. Magazines are gaining ground. In: Handelsblatt . April 13, 1987, p. 15 .
  56. ↑ Out of the shadows . In: Der Spiegel . December 29, 1986 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  57. ↑ Hidden additional clauses? In: Der Spiegel . November 29, 1982 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  58. ↑ Burda holds a blocking minority at Springer . In: Handelsblatt . August 6, 1987, p. 11 .
  59. ↑ "Separate completely from Springer" . In: Der Spiegel . April 25, 1988 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  60. ↑ Secretly behind your back . In: Der Spiegel . October 31, 1988 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  61. ↑ Revision refused . In: Handelsblatt . February 7, 1991, p. 18 .
  62. ↑ The Denver clan of Offenburg . In: Der Spiegel . March 9, 1987 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  63. ^ "A symbol of the bourgeois camp" . In: Der Spiegel . June 22, 1987 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 31, 2016]).
  64. ↑ Beatrix Novy: Colorful fashion cuts for the Soviet Union. In: Deutschlandradio Kultur. March 8, 2012, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  65. ↑ New GDR sheet . The "Super Illu" for 50 pfennigs. In: Handelsblatt . 23 August 1990, p. 15 .
  66. ↑ Superillu: Integration aid . In: Kress Report . December 10, 2010, p. 6 .
  67. ↑ "Super Illu" goes west . In: horizon . July 10, 1992, p. 25 .
  68. ↑ Burda had to sell its head office because of “super” flops. In: horizon. November 7, 2012, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  69. ↑ Ekkehard Kohrs: Burda's declaration of war to Augstein . In: Bonner General-Anzeiger . January 19, 1993, p. 3 .
  70. ↑ Heidrun Plewe: “Focus” is currently well on schedule . In: horizon . February 19, 1993, p. 25 .
  71. ↑ Facts about Focus . In: The daily newspaper . December 1, 1995, p. 14 .
  72. ↑ Burda costs Focus success to the full . In: horizon . April 1, 1994, p. 6 .
  73. ↑ Investments expanded significantly . Publisher on the "Focus" wave. In: Handelsblatt . July 22, 1994, p. 16 .
  74. ↑ Burda Group grows last year thanks to “Focus” . In: Der Tagesspiegel . May 12, 1995.
  75. ^ Aenne Burda publishing house . Reduction of double functions. Integration into the group. In: Handelsblatt . January 24, 1994, p. 15 .
  76. ↑ Aenne Burda Verlag is integrated into Burda GmbH . In: German printer . February 10, 1994, p. 6 .
  77. ↑ Burda bundles its TV and radio shares . In: Handelsblatt . January 6, 1995, p. 14 .
  78. ↑ Burda-Verlag restructures . In: horizon . January 13, 1995, p. 10 .
  79. ^ Burda publishing house . With online services on the Internet. Print alone brings Burda a profit. In: Handelsblatt . January 17, 1996, p. 16 .
  80. ↑ Online services . Burda-Verlag presented "Europa-Online". Microsoft shows great interest in the Internet. In: Handelsblatt . January 17, 1995, p. 18 .
  81. ↑ Europe Online: Burda changes strategy and starts on the Internet . In: Frankfurter Rundschau . November 11, 1995, p. 13 .
  82. ↑ Burda's visions . In: Market & Technology . May 1996, p. 70 .
  83. ↑ Roland Pimpl: Weekly titles fight for the web . In: horizon . August 3, 2006, p. 38 .
  84. ↑ Burda has started an internet offensive . In: horizon . February 9, 1996, p. 66 .
  85. ↑ Eckhard Rahlenbeck: Burdas Online makes a detox . In: horizon . July 26, 1996, p. 41 .
  86. ↑ Burda: Decision for the Internet . In: Handelsblatt . July 9, 1996, p. 14 .
  87. ↑ Burda bundles Internet subsidiaries . In: Computerwoche . May 19, 2000, p. 53 .
  88. ↑ Tomorrow Focus AG wants to cut up to 20 percent of the jobs . In: The world . August 18, 2001, p. 43 .
  89. ↑ Burda Media with more than ten percent increase in sales . In: Handelsblatt . September 28, 1999, p. 26 .
  90. ↑ The Hubert Burda Media Park was inaugurated in Offenburg . In: German printer . February 17, 2000, p. 4 .
  91. ↑ A media park as a birthday present . In: Südkurier . February 9, 2000.
  92. ↑ Iris Vollmann: Burda opens second journalism school . In: horizon . July 12, 2001, p. 49 .
  93. ↑ Burda Group: On course for profit . In: Manager Magazin . Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  94. ^ Jörn Krieger: Conference: DLD 2007 in Munich . In: Medienbote . 2007, p. 7 .
  95. ↑ Dirk Liedtke: Where the future is already here. In: Stern. January 27, 2010, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  96. ↑ Andrea Rungg: Burda conference attracts US Internet managers . In: Financial Times Germany. January 27, 2010; Archived from the original on January 21, 2011 ; Retrieved December 13, 2011 .
  97. ↑ Hans-Peter Siebenhaar: Hubert Burda buys “Chip” completely. (No longer available online.) In: Medienwatcher. Handelsblatt, October 4, 2007, archived from the original on December 20, 2016 ; accessed on October 31, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / blog.handelsblatt.com
  98. ↑ Jens Ihlenfeld: Burda buys Chip and Xonio completely. In: Golem. October 5, 2007, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  99. ↑ Lutz Knappmann, Arndt Ohler: Burda secures the Xing online network . In: Financial Times Germany . November 19, 2009, p. 7 .
  100. ↑ Susanne Metzger, Hans-Peter Siebenhaar: Burda should give Xing new momentum . In: Handelsblatt . November 19, 2009, p. 24 .
  101. ↑ Jürgen Kuri: Burda joins the social network Xing. In: Heise Online. November 18, 2009, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  102. ↑ Burda-Verlag wants to take over Xing. In: Spiegel Online. October 26, 2012, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  103. ↑ Alex Hofmann: Burda increases on Xing to 59.2 percent. In: Gründerszene. December 12, 2012, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  104. ↑ Digital expansion: Medienhaus Burda has taken over Xing. In: Manager Magazin. December 12, 2012, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  105. ↑ Helmut Seller: Celebrate at both locations: Hubert Burda turns 70 on Tuesday . In: Badische Zeitung . February 6, 2010, p. 35 .
  106. ↑ Hubert Burda regulates the succession in his publishing house . In: Badische Zeitung . December 10, 2009, p. 19 of December 10, 2009, page 19 .
  107. ↑ Old School Publishers . In: Reutlinger General-Anzeiger . February 6, 2010.
  108. ↑ Lutz Knappmann: The Internet users . In: Financial Times Germany . December 11, 2009, p. 2 .
  109. ↑ Hubert Burda: Kallen gets the crown . In: Kress Report . January 8, 2010, p. 12 .
  110. ↑ Expansion: “Huffington Post” chooses Burda subsidiary as partner. In: Welt Online. April 29, 2013, accessed October 31, 2016 .
  111. ↑ Burda relies on the network medium "Huffington Post" . In: Reutlinger General-Anzeiger . 6th June 2013.
  112. ↑ The Huffington Post. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 9, 2013 .
  113. ↑ Patrick Beuth: Cliqz: The Google avoidance machine. In: Zeit Online. March 8, 2016, accessed December 5, 2016 .
  114. ^ Friedhelm Greis: Mozilla participates in Burda's browser Cliqz. In: Golem. August 23, 2016, accessed December 5, 2016 .
  115. ^ Coalition instead of monopolies . In: Focus magazine . March 19, 2016, p. 17 .
  116. ↑ Kim Rixecker: From publishers for publishers: Burda presents new open source CMS based on Drupal. In: t3n. March 18, 2016, accessed December 5, 2016 .
  117. ↑ René Schmöl: What is really behind Burda's Thunder editorial system. In: CIO. March 19, 2016, accessed December 5, 2016 .
  118. ↑ Marc Felix Serrao: The fourth generation. In: sueddeutsche.de. January 7, 2011, accessed August 27, 2016 .
  119. ↑ Hans-Peter Siebenhaar: Hubert Burda involved his two children . In: Handelsblatt . January 10, 2011, p. 23 .
  120. ↑ Timo Niemeier: Burda misses a new structure and becomes an SE , dwdl.de from July 4, 2017
  121. ↑ https://www.burda.com/de/impressum/ (accessed on July 21, 2019)
  122. ↑ Silja Elfers: Hubert Burda's bearers of hope . In: horizon . December 17, 2009, p. 2 .
  123. ↑ Lutz Knappmann: Head of the day: The onliner . In: Financial Times Germany . December 11, 2009, p. 2 .
  124. ↑ https://www.finance-magazin.de/cfo/cfo-wechsel/aufgestiegen-eckstein-neuer-burda-cfo-1121262
  125. ↑ Stefan Winterbauer: Burda: cost control instead of cuddling. In: meedia.de. June 24, 2010, accessed September 5, 2016 .
  126. ^ Gleiss Lutz: Corporate heavyweight Andreas Rittstieg becomes a board member at Burda. In: juve.de. December 16, 2013, accessed September 5, 2016 .
  127. ↑ Martin Weiss joins the Burda board. In: Kress. July 11, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017 .
  128. ↑ https://vdz-akademie.de/experte/philipp-welte/
  129. ↑ Jürgen Scharrer: "We cannot build on advertising" . In: horizon . June 23, 2016, p. 12-13 .
  130. ↑ Burda restructures profit centers. In: horizont.net. September 16, 1998, accessed September 5, 2016 .
  131. ↑ Bernd W. Wirtz: Media and Internet Management . 6th edition. Gabler, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-8349-0864-3 , pp. 128-129 .
  132. ↑ a b Consolidated Financial Statements 2018. (PDF) Hubert Burda Media Holding Kommanditgesellschaft, accessed on May 19, 2019 .
  133. ↑ Timo Niemeier: Burda misses a new structure and becomes an SE. In: DWDL. July 4, 2017, accessed August 2, 2017 .
  134. ↑ a b brands. Hubert Burda Media, accessed on January 20, 2017 .
  135. ^ Hubert Burda Media Holding KG. Commission to determine the concentration in the media sector, accessed on January 20, 2017 .
  136. ^ Sophie Ahrens, Timo Leimbach, Thomas Hess: The digitization of Hubert Burda Media . From the introduction of digital printing technology to the media community as a strategy element. Ed .: Thomas Hess. Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 2007 ( uni-muenchen.de [PDF; accessed on January 20, 2017]).
  137. ↑ Roland Karle: Burda: Growth accompanies change. In: Marketing. January 10, 2013, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  138. ↑ Alex Hofmann: Burda is growing digitally. In: Gründerszene. January 25, 2013. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  139. ↑ Philipp Peters: At Burda, the digital business ensures growth. In: Badische Zeitung. July 14, 2014, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  140. ↑ areas. Hubert Burda Media, accessed on January 20, 2017 .
  141. ↑ 60 years of Bunte . In: Bunte . March 27, 2008.
  142. ↑ Bernward Loheide: The man behind the colorful sheets . In: Reutlinger General-Anzeiger . February 9, 2015.
  143. ↑ Ulrike Simon: The publisher's project . In: horizon . May 12, 2016, p. 12 .
  144. ↑ Jens Schröder: Germany's most popular media brands: Bild und Apotheken Umschau. In: Meedia. September 18, 2014, accessed January 6, 2017 .
  145. ↑ Petra Schwegler: Robert Pölzer replaces Riekel as "Bunte" boss. In: Advertise & Sell. April 5, 2016, accessed January 6, 2017 .
  146. ↑ Freizeit Revue: Light Cavalry . In: Kress Report . June 26, 2010, p. 15 .
  147. ↑ 40 years of “Freizeit Revue” . “The title has grown with the readers”. June 26, 2010, p. 14 .
  148. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Jakobs: The enigmatic success of the "Freizeit Revue". In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. July 14, 2010, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  149. ^ Sabine Schlosser: Leisure time fun in a double pass . In: horizon . April 29, 2004, p. 10 .
  150. ↑ Marc Bartl: Kai Winckler becomes "Freizeit Revue" editor-in-chief. Robert Pölzer takes over from Patricia Riekel in July at the “Bunten”. In: Kress Report. April 5, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  151. ↑ On our own behalf: 25 years of Superillu . In: Superillu . August 20, 2015, p. 6-7 .
  152. ↑ Andreas Hutzler: Safe size in uncertain times . In: The time . June 27, 1997.
  153. ↑ Toralf Staud: The Central Organ of the East . In: The time . October 5, 2000.
  154. ↑ Feeling of home captured on paper . In: German printer . July 22, 2010, p. 46 .
  155. ↑ Sonja Pohlmann: Blooming leaf . How the “Superillu” became the most widely read magazine in East Germany. In: Der Tagesspiegel . November 9, 2009, p. 33 .
  156. ↑ The vice takes over: Stefan Kobus becomes the new editor-in-chief of Superillu. In: Meedia. January 21, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  157. ↑ 15 years of facts, facts, facts. In: Focus Online. January 18, 2008, accessed October 30, 2016 .
  158. ↑ "Focus" celebrates its 20th anniversary. In: The Standard. January 14, 2013, accessed October 30, 2016 .
  159. ↑ Ekkehard Kohrs: Burda's declaration of war to Augstein . In: Bonner General-Anzeiger . January 19, 1993, p. 3 .
  160. ^ Rainer Hoffmann: Bunter Spiegel . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . January 21, 1993.
  161. ↑ A strong leadership trio . In: horizon . November 20, 2003, p. 66 .
  162. ↑ "Focus", "Spiegel", "Stern" . The big ones in deep change. In: Nordkurier . August 27, 2014, p. 25 .
  163. ↑ Heidrun Plewe: Few initially believed in success . In: horizon . December 17, 1993, p. 20 .
  164. ^ "Focus" editor-in-chief Markwort goes. In: Zeit Online. October 29, 2009, accessed October 30, 2016 .
  165. ↑ Sara Weber: More picture for Focus . In: horizon . May 18, 2012, p. 12 .
  166. ↑ Christian Meier: The Focus and its bosses: A sheet on the way into the meaningless. In: Meedia. August 26, 2014, accessed October 30, 2016 .
  167. ↑ Sonja Álvarez: New editor-in-chief for “Focus”. In: Der Tagesspiegel. January 21, 2016, accessed October 30, 2016 .
  168. ↑ The new “Focus” boss comes from the “Super Illu”. In: Spiegel Online. January 21, 2016, accessed October 30, 2016 .
  169. ↑ Jens Schröder: Focus Online overtakes picture for the first time. In: Meedia. October 12, 2015, accessed February 28, 2017 .
  170. ↑ Katrin Ansorge: Focus Online pulls past Bild.de. In: horizon. April 21, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2017 .
  171. ↑ Heiko Weckbrodt: Internet retailer Cyberport is growing against the industry trend . In: Leipziger Volkszeitung . August 28, 2003, p. 6 .
  172. ↑ Cyberport opens the second store in Vienna . In: Medianet . February 24, 2015, p. 26 .
  173. ↑ Burda Beteiligungs-Holding takes over majority in Cyberport.de. In: horizon. September 20, 2000. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  174. ^ Farewell to Cyberport . In: Saxon newspaper . September 28, 2001, p. 26 .
  175. ↑ Burda-Verlag brings Instyle onto the German market . In: horizon . November 19, 1998, p. 1 .
  176. ↑ Kerstin Rosenfeld: InStyle doesn't want to give everyday life a chance . In: horizon . March 11, 1999, p. 42 .
  177. ↑ Trend guide and shopping bible. Hubert Burda Media, accessed on February 28, 2017 .
  178. ↑ Burda's people magazine Instyle starts in March . In: horizon . December 10, 1998, p. 1 .
  179. ↑ Petra Schwegler: Burda makes Kerstin Weng the “InStyle” editor-in-chief. In: Advertise & Sell. October 23, 2015, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  180. ↑ Hit the bull's eye with “Chip” . In: Main-Post . February 12, 2005.
  181. ↑ Peter Turi: Special title resistant to TV competition . In: horizon . September 10, 1993, p. 106 .
  182. ↑ With Chip and Co. to overseas . In: main port . March 21, 2001.
  183. ↑ Vogel Burda becomes Chip Holding. In: Kress Report. December 19, 2007, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  184. ^ David Hein: Chip: Josef Reitberger is the new editor-in-chief. In: horizon. February 29, 2012, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  185. ↑ Range record with Chip Online. In: Focus Online. March 27, 2008, accessed February 28, 2017 .
  186. ↑ Chip Online is celebrating its 15th birthday. In: Meedia. February 15, 2011, accessed February 28, 2017 .
  187. ↑ From Tomorrow Focus to the HolidayCheck Group. Where is Burda's web activity headed? In: Meedia. May 6, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  188. ↑ Ranking of the largest travel portal operators in Germany. In: Statista. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  189. ↑ Tomorrow Focus becomes HolidayCheck . In: Börsen-Zeitung . May 6, 2016, p. 11 .
  190. ↑ Tomorrow and Focus Digital merge . In: Handelsblatt . August 9, 2001, p. 11 .
  191. ↑ Martin Drexler: The downside of digitization. DLD summer conference. In: Trend. June 28, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  192. ↑ The latest trends in the digital economy. In: City portal Munich. June 24, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  193. ↑ Detlef Borchers: With Triple Play to the Next Big Thing. In: Heise Online. January 24, 2006, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  194. ↑ Varinia Bernau, Thorsten Riedl: The meeting place for young billionaires. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. January 24, 2011, accessed January 20, 2017 .
  195. ↑ Andrea Rungg: Burda conference attracts US Internet managers . In: Financial Times Germany . January 20, 2011.
  196. ↑ Boas Ruh: Trump, robot vehicles and their consequences for the world . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . January 17, 2017, p. 50 .
  197. ↑ Topic: DLD. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  198. ↑ Xing expands media offering. Career network continues to compete with LinkedIn. (No longer available online.) In: Handelsblatt. June 23, 2016, archived from the original on March 12, 2017 ; accessed on January 20, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.handelsblatt.com
  199. ↑ Andreas Wilkens: Xing cracks ten million mark with German-speaking members. In: Heise Online. March 29, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2017 .
  200. ↑ Christiane Boldt, Carsten Wette: "Nothing works without the certain founder gene defect" . In: Der Tagesspiegel . October 15, 2011, p. 8 .
  201. ↑ Melanie Wassink: Lars Hinrichs sells company shares to Burda. November 19, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  202. ↑ Burda takes over majority in Xing . In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . December 13, 2012, p. 31 .
  203. ↑ Jürgen Hoffmann: Xing remains a provider in German-speaking countries. In: Welt Online. August 12, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  204. ↑ Michael Kroker: How Xing wants to keep LinkedIn at a distance. In: WirtschaftsWoche. June 23, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2017 .
  205. ↑ Jo Bager: Targeted . Briefly introduced: Cliqz. In: c't magazine . October 16, 2015, p. 59 ( heise.de [accessed on February 28, 2017]).
  206. ^ Patrick Beuth: The Google avoidance machine. In: Zeit Online. March 8, 2016. Retrieved February 28, 2017 .
  207. ↑ Patrick Beuth: A new package to avoid Google. In: Zeit Online. February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017 .
  208. ↑ Jo Bager: Tracker catcher . In: c't magazine . March 18, 2016, p. 55 ( heise.de [accessed on February 28, 2017]).
  209. ^ Giuseppe Rondinella: Mozilla participates in Cliqz . In: horizon . August 25, 2016, p. 12 .
  210. ↑ Mozilla invests in German Cliqz browser . In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung . August 24, 2016, p. 7 .