City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality

This article covers the metropolitan municipality. For information about the city itself see Cape Town .

Cape Town City of Cape Town isiXeko saseKapa Stad Kaapstad
Cape Town
Symbols
Coat of arms or logo
Basic data
Country	South Africa
province	Western cape
Seat	Cape Town
surface	2460 km²
Residents	3,740,026 (October 2011)
density	1520 inhabitants per km²
founding	2000
Post Code	6850-8160
key	CPT
ISO 3166-2	ZA toilet
Website	www.capetown.gov.za (English)
politics
mayor	Dan Plato
Political party	THERE

Coordinates: 33 ° 55 ′  S , 18 ° 25 ′  E

The City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality ( Afrikaans Stad Kaapstad Metropolitaanse Munisipaliteit , isiXhosa isiXeko saseKapa ) is a metropolitan municipality in the province of Western Cape in South Africa . It is located around the eponymous Cape Town . The metropolitan municipality extends over an area of ​​2,460 square kilometers and in 2016 had around 4.0 million inhabitants with 1,264,949 households.

geography

The metropolitan municipality includes not only the actual city of Cape Town, but also the Cape Peninsula , the places and settlements on False Bay to Somerset West and the areas on and north of Table Bay . The Cape Flats and their settlements play an important role . The area of ​​the metropolitan municipality also includes some islands such as Robben Island or the uninhabited Prince Edward Islands in the South Indian Ocean , which also represent the southernmost areas of South Africa.

history

The metropolitan municipality was created after the reforms of 1994. From 1996 to 2000, the six municipalities Cape Town, Blaauwberg , Helderberg , Oostenberg , South Peninsula and Tygerberg formed the Cape Metropolitan Council. The metropolitan municipality was founded in 2000.

population

population

Population density in Cape Town

According to the 2011 census, the metropolitan municipality of Cape Town had 3.74 million inhabitants. From 2001 to 2011 the average annual population growth was 2.6%, which is one of the highest values ​​in the country. The population growth has been correspondingly high for a long time, in the period from 1891 to 1970 it averaged 3.1%, from 1970 to 2001 it was 3.2%. The increase in the number of inhabitants is due to both high birth rates and immigration from other parts of the country. A population of 5.8 million is forecast for the year 2035.

	1891 census	1970 census	1985 census	1991 census	census 2001	2011 census
population	97,114 1)	1,096,597	1,911,521	2,350,000	2,892,243	3,740,026

1) Population of the Cape Division (Cape Division, 1717 km²)

Population groups

Map showing the largest population group in each of the towns in the Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality according to the 2011 census (light green: colored, dark blue: black, pink: white, white: uninhabited)

Colored or colored people make up the largest population group, 42.4% of the inhabitants of the metropolitan municipality of Cape Town. The majority of the colored people arose from the mixture of Khoisan as an indigenous population of western South Africa and of white and black people. The Cape Malays , whose cultural center is Cape Town, also make up a significant proportion of the Coloreds . 38.6% of the population are black, almost exclusively of the Xhosa people . The proportion of whites, who are mostly of British, Dutch or German origin, is 15.7% of the total population of Cape Town and is thus well above the national average.

Historically, the picture is different with regard to the composition of the population. At the end of the 19th century, about half of the population of Cape Town consisted of whites and coloreds. At that time there were hardly any blacks ( Bantu ) in western South Africa. In Cape Town, the proportion of blacks rose steadily over the 20th century, mainly due to the immigration of Xhosa from the Eastern Cape and their high birth rates. In 2007, almost half of all black Cape Town residents were born in the Eastern Cape. Accordingly, the proportion of the black population group has risen sharply historically, from (1891) 1% to (2011) 39%. Since the birth rate of colored people is roughly average, their share has only decreased slightly, from (1891) 49% to (2011) 42%. Although the absolute number of whites has also increased sharply, from (1891) 25,400 to (2011) 587,000, their share of the population has decreased from 50% to 16% because their birth rates are the lowest.

Population groups	1891 census 1)	1970 census	1996 census	census 2001	2011 census
Coloreds	48.8%	54.6%	48.4%	48.1%	42.4%
black	1.4%	9.9%	25.1%	31.7%	38.6%
white	49.8%	34.5%	21.2%	18.8%	15.7%
Indians / Asians	0.0%	1.0%	1.5%	1.4%	1.4%
other, not specified	-	-	3.8%	-	1.9%

1) Figures for the Cape Division (Cape Division, 1717 km²)

According to the 2011 census, 44.6% colored, 32.3% white, 15.8% black, 3.4% Indians or Asians and 3.9% others live in the core city . The 1891 census showed the following distribution of population groups for the city of Cape Town: 49.5% white, 49.4% colored (33.3% Khoikhoi and 16.1% Malay) and 1.1% black (Bantu).

languages

Map showing the most common language in each of the locations of the Metropolitan Municipality of Cape Town according to the 2011 census (yellow: Afrikaans, red: English, blue: isiXhosa, white: uninhabited)

According to the 2011 census, three languages ​​are spoken in the metropolitan municipality of Cape Town: 35.7% Afrikaans , 29.8% isiXhosa and 28.4% English . Furthermore, 1.0% speak Sesotho , 0.5% isiZulu and 4.6% other languages. Two thirds of the colored population speak Afrikaans and one third English. Whites speak English slightly more often than Afrikaans. IsiXhosa is the main language of the black population. In the core city, 67.7% speak English, 22.5% Afrikaans, 2.7% isiXhosa, 0.5% isiZulu, 0.5% Sesotho and 6.1% other languages.

First languages ​​2001 by population group, Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality:

language	total	Coloreds	black	white	Indians / Asians
Afrikaans	41.4%	67.8%	2.7%	41.3%	14.3%
isiXhosa	28.8%	0.1%	90.5%	0.1%	0.2%
English	28.0%	31.8%	2.4%	57.0%	81.9%
Sesotho	0.7%	0.0%	2.1%	0.0%	0.0%
isiZulu	0.3%	0.0%	0.8%	0.0%	0.0%
other	0.7%	0.3%	1.1%	1.6%	3.6%

Nationalities

The population of Cape Town is 98.8% South Africans and 1.2% foreigners.

2001 census [out of date]	by citizenship	by place of birth
South Africans	98.8%	97.0%
other Africans	0.4%	1.2%
Europeans	0.6%	1.4%
Asians	0.1%	0.2%
Others	0.1%	0.2%

Economic situation

The comparison of the economic situation of the population groups shows the still large ethnic differences. The income of whites is on average about ten times higher than that of blacks, and the unemployment rate is more than ten times lower. With a population of 19%, whites generate almost 60% of the total economic output of the metropolitan municipality.

2001 census [out of date]	total	Coloreds	black	white	Indians / Asians
Official unemployment	29.2%	24.5%	49.8%	4.7%	12.0%
Average Income ( ZAR )	2020 ZAR	1240 ZAR	630 ZAR	6320 ZAR	ZAR 2910
Average income ( EUR )	300 EUR	180 EUR	90 EUR	920 EUR	430 EUR
Share in total economic output	100%	29%	10%	59%	2%

Cape Town and the consequences of apartheid

Computer generated image of the Cape Peninsula; it shows the Cape of Good Hope on the lower right edge, above it False Bay. Cape Town itself is in the middle at the bottom of the picture.

Due to apartheid, which lasted until 1994, Cape Town is a very segregated city. The city center is located within the first settlement areas for European immigrants with its rectangular street plan. It can best be compared to the central business district of North American cities. Administration, service facilities and retail are located in the city center, while apartments are hard to find. This inner city area is bordered by industrial districts, especially the port area with associated businesses such as freight forwarders and logistics companies. The residential areas were distributed over the urban area depending on the population group. The whites owned the best residential areas near the center or attractive suburbs. This was followed by areas of the Colored population who were evicted from their ancestral residential areas in the inner city, such as District Six . The black population was housed in the areas furthest from the center. In 1985, Cape Town was the city where apartheid was most advanced. Only five percent of the population lived in the “wrong” part of town.

With the end of apartheid, there are no longer any discriminatory regulations. However, the situation is changing only slowly. Only a small number of the formerly disadvantaged population groups have so far managed to move to the more centrally located or better equipped residential areas.

places

The most important locations in the metropolitan municipality are as follows: Athlone , Atlantis , Belhar , Bellville , Blackheath , Blouberg , Blue Downs , Brackenfell , Cape Point , Cape Town, Delft , Durbanville , Elsies Rivier , Fish Hoek , Goodwood , Gordon's Bay , Grassy Park , Gugulethu , Hout Bay , Khayelitsha , Kommetjie , Kraaifontein , Kuils River , Langa , Macassar , Matroosfontein , Melkbosstrand , Milnerton , Mitchell's Plain , Muizenberg , Noordhoek , Nyanga , Parow , Philadelphia , Philippi , Robben Island , Scarborough , Simon's Town , Sir Lowry's Pass , Somerset West , Southern Suburbs , Beach , Table View .

Townships

The Khayelitsha township

Cape Town has several townships. The oldest (from 1927) is Langa ( isiXhosa , German "sun"). Of all townships, it is closest to the city center. The later residential areas for blacks and coloreds were always built on the respective outskirts, mostly in the Cape Flats east of the center. Nyanga ("Moon") and Gugulethu ("Our Pride") followed in the 1950s and 1960s , Crossroads followed in the 1970s and - for Coloreds - Mitchell's Plain , and in the 1980s Khayelitsha ("New Home"), one of the largest townships in South Africa, and Philippi , also for Coloreds. The living conditions were mostly poor and did not improve significantly even after the end of apartheid. The drought from 2015 to 2018 hit the townships particularly hard.

Guided tours through these townships are offered to tourists today. Since about 2000, Islam has increased in importance in the black townships of Cape Town through conversions .

Gough Island

A special case is a meteorological station operated by the South African Antarctic Program on Gough Island in the South Atlantic. Although the island belongs politically and administratively to the British overseas territory of St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha , the Gough Island base research station is administered as a "district" by the local authorities of Cape Town.

Townships

→ Main article : List of Sub-Councils of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality

The subcouncils

Cape Town is administratively divided into 24 municipal council areas ( subcouncils ). Each of these sub-councils is made up of three to six constituencies (wards). There are a total of 111 wards in Cape Town, each of which sends an elected representative to the city parliament.

The subcouncils had names until the formation of the 24th district, but these are no longer used (here in brackets):

1 (Blaauwberg), 2 (Bergdal), 3 (De Grendal), 4 (Tygerberg), 5 (Central), 6, (Bellville), 7 (Koeberg), 8 (Helderberg), 9 (Nxele Makana), 10 ( Charlotte Maxeke), 11 (Looksmart Solwandle Ngudle), 12 (Mitchells Plain), 13 (David Mthetho Ntlanganiso), 14 (Miranda Ngculu), 15 (Pinelands), 16 (Good Hope), 17 (Athlone), 18 (Rondevlei) , 19 (South Peninsula), 20 (Protea), 21 (Oostenberg), 22 (Lizo Nkonki), 23 (Adelaide Tambo) and 24.

The oldest Cape Town districts today correspond to Sucouncil 16. Most of the tourist attractions are located in this district. From here the city expanded to the east and north. Most of the poor areas, the so-called townships , are located in the east of the metropolitan municipality in the Cape Flats.

Subcouncil 16 includes the city center with Camps Bay , City Bowl , Clifton , Green Point , Hout Bay , Llandudno and Sea Point . The population is about 93,000. The tourist names for these areas are City Bowl and Atlantic Seaboard .

To the east of Table Mountain is subcouncil 20 with the districts of Bishopscourt , Constantia , Kenilworth , Newlands , Rondebosch and Wynberg . About 155,000 people live here. This area is also known as the Southern Suburbs .

Subcouncil 15 is adjacent to the downtown areas and includes Woodstock , Mowbray , Observatory, and Salt River . After a decade of decline, these areas are on the mend again. About 180,000 people live here.

Subcouncil 1 is to the north and includes Bloubergstrand , Milnerton , Table View and Paarden Island . The population is estimated at 235,000. The area is also known as the West Coast.

The Cape Peninsula forms Subcouncil 19. Fish Hoek , Kalk Bay , Muizenberg , Noordhoek , Simon's Town and Tokai are among them. About 183,000 people live here.

Transport infrastructure

An incoming Metrorail train (Heathfield Station)

Starting from the main station in Cape Town , the region has the Metrorail , the region has a S-Bahn -like regional train and a regional bus network ("Golden Arrow").

Drinking water infrastructure

The Theewaterskloof Reservoir

The drinking water supply for Cape Town comes mainly from six reservoirs in the closer and wider area of ​​the metropolitan municipality . It is integrated into the Western Cape Water Supply System (WCWSS). These are in detail:

• Berg River Dam on the Berg River (capacity: 130,010 megalitres),
• Steenbras Dam-Lower on the Steenbras River (capacity: 33,517 megalitres),
• Steenbras Dam-Upper on the Steenbras River (capacity: 31,767 megalitres),
• Theewaterskloof Dam on the Sonderend River (capacity: 480,188 megalitres),
• Voëlvlei Dam on the Voelvlei River (capacity: 164,095 megalitres),
• Wemmershoek Dam on the Wemmers River (capacity: 58,644 megalitres).

The regulation of the drinking water supply in the Cape Town area is based on a water statute ( by-law ). It defines the conditions for using the municipal service.

Recent climatic conditions have caused a water supply crisis in the Cape Town conurbation due to a lack of rainfall. The persistent drought had caused the water level in the drinking water dams to drop drastically. At the beginning of 2017, the city administration was forced to call on residents to make significant water savings.

The city administration provides an overview of the water levels in the most important reservoirs on their website with ongoing, daily updates. A distinction is made between use by residents and commercial consumers. There are differentiated restrictions for both groups in the context of the climatically caused water shortage.

In the meantime, the term “Day Zero” (German: Day Zero) came up, on which the water supply would end if the conditions remained unchanged via the previous supply system. This critical time stamp was forecast at the beginning of 2018 with a deadline of just three months. The Cape Town water crisis has fueled considerations and efforts for alternative water abstraction options; likewise the discussion about potential savings and the intensive treatment of wastewater . As measures that can be taken promptly in addition to the already severe restrictions, the following steps have been considered since the turn of the year 2017/2018:

• Drilling of and emergency extraction from aquifers ,
• commission several transportable desalination plants ,
• the daily shutdown of the water supply in residential areas in order to further reduce consumption.

The development of further groundwater reserves through the emergency groundwater drilling program of the city of Cape Town has started. 222 wells were planned. Concerns about nature conservation and other ecological aspects have meanwhile led to a sharp reduction in such activities, because the abstraction of groundwater from the Table Mountain Group Aquifer (TMGA) can be expected to cause considerable negative long-term damage to the environment. Critics also expect similar disadvantages from the drilling activities of the municipality of Stellenbosch.

Town twinning

Cape Town has relationships of varying quality with cities around the world, be it formal city partnerships, city friendships or cooperations or other relationships. These cities are:

Accra , Ghana, since 2018 Buenos Aires , Argentina, since 2017 Atlanta , Georgia, USA, since 2016 Malmo , Sweden, 2016 Monterrey , Nuevo León, Mexico, since 2016 Hangzhou , People's Republic of China, since 2015 Shenzhen , People's Republic of China, since 2015 Houston , Texas, USA, since 2015 Wuhan , People's Republic of China, since 2015

Munich , Bavaria, Germany, since 2015 Izmir , Turkey, since 2014 Bujumbura , Burundi, since 2014 Miami-Dade County , USA, since 2013 Varna , Bulgaria, since 2012 Aachen , North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, since 2012 Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, since 2011 Huangshan , People's Republic of China, since 2010

Web links

Commons : Cape Town  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website (English)
• Portrait of the City of Cape Town at localgovernment.co.za (English)

Individual evidence

1. ^ The Local Government Handbook: South Africa: City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality (CPT) . Portrait on www.localgovernment.co.za (English)
2. ↑ Flags. crwflags.com, accessed November 21, 2018
3. ↑ 2011 Census Cape Town ( Memento from December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 276 KB), page 1
4. ↑ World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 24, 2018 . 
5. ↑ 2007 Community Survey Analysis for Cape Town ( Memento from October 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 1.6 MB), p. 6
6. ^ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Census 2001 by municipalities and citizenship , accessed on June 16, 2010
7. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: statssa.gov.za , accessed on June 18, 2010
8. ↑ ^{a b c d} page no longer available , search in web archives: Census 2001 by municipalities, official employment status, population group and gender , accessed on June 16, 2010
9. ↑ https://municipalities.co.za/overview/6/city-of-cape-town-metropolitan-municipality
10. ↑ Martina Schwikowski: Drought of the century in Cape Town: People who stare at clouds . In: The daily newspaper: taz . April 21, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed April 23, 2018]).
11. ↑ Manfred Jung: The spread of Islam in the black townships of Cape Town. 2007, pp. 42-69.
12. ^ Antarctica and southern oceans islands. Gough Island . Republic of South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs (English)
13. ↑ City Statistics and Population Census 2011 ( English ) Archived from the original on July 20, 2013. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
14. ^ Republic of South Africa. Department of Water and Sanitation: Cape Town River System State of Dams on 2018-05-14 . on www.dwa.gov.za (English)
15. ↑ ^{a b} City of Cape Town: Dam levels . on www.capetown.gov.za (English)
16. ↑ City of Cape Town: City of Cape Town: Water By-law, 2010 . In: Province of Western Cape: Provincial Gazette 6847 of February 18, 2011, online at www.capetown.gov.za (English)
17. ↑ City of Cape Town: Water crisis: Stricter water restrictions from tomorrow . on www.capetown.gov.za (English)
18. ↑ City of Cape Town: Apply for exemption from water restrictions . on www.capetown.gov.za (English)
19. ↑ Dave Chambers: Day Zero: The city of Cape Town is about to run out of water - its main reservoir is only 12% full . Announcement of February 6, 2018 by the Independent on www.independent.co.uk (English)
20. ^ Bob Henson: It's True: Cape Town's Water Supply Is Three Months Away from a Shutdown . Posted on January 19, 2018 on www.wunderground.com (English)
21. ^ John Yeld: UCT scientists convince City to drill cautiously into aquifer . Posted on March 19, 2018 at www.groundup.org.za (English)
22. ↑ Linda Nordling: Ecologists up in arms over Cape Town's plans to ease water crisis by drilling into aquifer . Posted on February 26, 2018 at www.sciencemag.org (English)
23. ↑ City of Cape Town - Sister cities partnership agreements ( English ), accessed on January 3, 2020