Dulken

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dulken
City of Viersen
Old coat of arms of Dülken
Coordinates: 51 ° 15 ′ 3 ″  N , 6 ° 19 ′ 51 ″  E
Height : 54  (53-58)  m
Area : 24.97 km²
Residents : 20,224  (March 30, 2013)
Population density : 810 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 1970
Postal code : 41751
Area code : 02162
The 55 meter high water tower between Dülken and Viersen
St. Cornelius Church

With around 20,000 inhabitants, Dülken is the second largest district of Viersen ( North Rhine-Westphalia ) after Alt-Viersen . The place is on the southern edge of the Lower Rhine lowlands . The urban area borders on the Viersen districts of Boisheim , Süchteln , Alt-Viersen and Amern , a district of Schwalmtal . In the south it borders on the urban area of Mönchengladbach .

The Nette , a tributary of the Niers, has its source in Dülken .

Districts

Dülken consists of the following districts:

history

Former coat of arms of Dülken

The Mackenstein district of Dülken was first mentioned in 1135. Dülken, first mentioned around 1210, received town charter from Duke Wilhelm II of Jülich between 1352 and 1364 . Before the Roman period , the Celtic tribe of the Menapier settled in the Dülken area. They were ousted by the Romans , who in turn withdrew their last legions from the Rhine region in the second half of the 5th century . This was followed by the rule of the Franks , who divided their territory into small districts, ruled by the Gaugrafen. The region belonged to the Mühlgau , which was first mentioned as a county in 837 .

Since the 10th century, the districts split into small counties and ecclesiastical and secular manors. In the 14th century, the town and Kirspel Dülken came to the office of Brüggen in the Jülich county via the Attinenz and remained there until the French occupation. During this time Dülken was one of the four counts (later ducal) mints. Around 1400 the city was fortified with walls and towers. The drinking mill (s) built in 1506, which later became known nationwide as the first seat of the Narrenakademie, and the Hochmühle (or Höchmühle) built in 1556 were the stately camera mills . In the absence of wind, the Brüggen watermill had to be ground. In the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) Dülken was occupied by Spanish troops in 1624.

French troops occupied Dülken ( French period ) from autumn 1794 to around 1804 . From 1794 to 1814 the place was incorporated as Mairie (mayor's office) in the canton Bracht of the Département de la Roer (Rur) into the French national territory. This period ended after Napoleon's defeat.

Dülken had belonged to the Kempen district in the Rhine Province of the Kingdom of Prussia since 1816 . In addition to the actual city of Dülken, there was also the independent rural community of Dülken-Land , to which the villages and hamlets in the vicinity of the city belonged.

The Protestant parish was founded in 1838. In 1858, Roman urn graves from the 2nd century AD were found while digging up an old brick field in Viefental (on the Mühlberg) .

In the 19th century, as everywhere in Germany, there was strong population growth ; around the middle of the century several families emigrated to Missouri (USA).

In 1874 the new Jewish cemetery on Kampweg , which was in use until 1916, was built.

The municipality of Dülken-Land was incorporated into the city of Dülken on July 1, 1927.

The Allied occupation of the Rhineland began in January 1919 ; In 1930 the troops withdrew. The evacuated Rhineland should then remain a demilitarized zone ; it was remilitarized from March 1936 ( Rhineland occupation ); from then on there were war preparations in the Rhineland .

On November 9, 1938 , the National Socialists set fire to the synagogue on Martin-Luther-Strasse. Two Torah scrolls and the cult objects were saved and hidden until the liberation in 1945 (they are now in the Krefeld synagogue).

On June 10, 1940 (one month after the start of the western campaign ) the first high-explosive bomb fell on Dülken territory. In an air raid on December 3, 1944, Western Allied bombers dropped 43 bombs on Dülken; 53 people were killed and 43 injured. At the end of February 1945, US Army troops advanced towards Dülken as part of Operation Grenade (February 23 to March 11, 1945). On March 1, 1945 soldiers of the 84th US Infantry Division took Dülken against little resistance after they had taken Boisheim the night before . Before that, Wehrmacht soldiers had put up resistance a little south - near Ungerath, Steeg, Hochfeld and Eicken.

On April 26, 1968, the Dülken Council decided with 17 votes against 14 to form the Tricity Viersen-Dülken-Süchteln, and as part of the local reorganization , Dülken became a district of Viersen on January 1, 1970 .

Landmark

The fool's mill

The landmark of Dülken is the Narrenmühle . It is the seat of the fools' academy founded in 1554 . The elliptical medieval floor plan ("Dülkener Ei") can still be seen in the center . Remains of the old fortifications with ramparts and a defense tower ("prisoner's tower ") have been preserved from this time . The war memorial ("Siegfried") created in 1934 by the sculptor Willy Meller is also in the immediate vicinity . The old town center is dominated by the Catholic parish church of St. Cornelius , built in 1871 according to the design by Heinrich Wiethase , one of the few five-aisled churches on the Lower Rhine. The Dülkener Schöppenmarkt takes place every Ash Wednesday , to which over 100,000 visitors flock. At the confluence of Blauensteinstrasse and Langestrasse stands the sculpture Tien Anton , which is reminiscent of the Dülken original Peter Anton Stams alias Tien Anton (1836–1895).

economy

In the 15th to 18th centuries, economic development stagnated for various reasons.

In the industrial age, the textile industry dominated in Dülken, as in other places in the region .

The close proximity to the conurbations on the Rhine and Ruhr and to the Netherlands makes Dülken a well-positioned business location. In addition to long-established companies in the local area, there is the Mackenstein industrial area with an area of ​​113 ha. In the northern area, the industrial area is to be expanded by a further 16 ha. Regional and supra-regional companies have settled on the Mackenstein.

The non-ferrous metal works of Otto Fuchs KG is one of the largest employers in Dülken.

education

There are three grammar schools in Dülken: the Clara-Schumann-Gymnasium , the Albertus-Magnus-Gymnasium and the advanced training college of the district of Viersen (evening grammar school) .

traffic

Dülken is located on the federal motorways 61 and 52 and can be reached via four interchanges ( Mackenstein , Viersen / Dülken, Süchteln , Mönchengladbach-Hardt ).

The nearest airports are the Dusseldorf airport , the airfield Mönchengladbach and the Lower Rhine Airport .

Dülken station

Entrance building of the Dülken train station

Dülken has a small stop with a transfer point on the Viersen – Venlo railway line . Until the reconstruction in connection with the connection of the line to an electronic signal box in 2005, today's stop was a train station . The Dülken transfer point forms the transition from the double-track section from Viersen to the single-track section to Kaldenkirchen station . The section from Viersen via Dülken to Kaldenkirchen went into operation on January 29, 1866. Furthermore, the Dülken station was the starting point for the Dülken – Brüggen railway from 1890 to 1998 .

In June 2018, a new bus link was completed at Dülken train station with a park-and-ride car park.

Dülken water tower

The 55 m high Dülken water tower is located east-northeast of the center of Dülken on the southern edge of the city garden (approx. 750 m west of the A 61 ). From 1970 to 2007 the Windrose panorama restaurant was located in the tower .

The old water tower is a monument.

sons and daughters of the town

The following personalities were born in Dülken or are connected to Dülken through their work.

Gustav von Mevissen (1815–1899)

carnival

Carnival is particularly cultivated in Dülken. One of the largest Rose Monday procession on the left Lower Rhine takes place in Dülken. This is supported by the Vaterstädtischer Verein e. V. organizes. The fools' academy , founded in 1554, is located in the fool's mill . The "Orpheum" carnival society was founded in 1869. Every year the approximately 90 members - all men - hold eleven meetings in the community center. These are cabaret, theater and singing without hand-made speeches. There are also other carnival societies such as B. the Dülkener Carnival Society "DÜ-KA-GE", "de Üüle", the "KKG-Dülken", the "Dölker Crazy Kids" and the "Dölker Jonges".

Events

The annual beer exchange has developed into a permanent event on the Dülken calendar, at which more than 200 types of beer from all over the world are tasted every year. The shooting festivals are also an integral part of Dülken's cultural life. They are designed by the local rifle brotherhoods (St. Cornelius, St. Georg, St. Donatus, St. Matthias and St. Udalricus).

literature

  • Norbert Bonus, Eleonore Föhles: Social life in Dülken. Bars, inns and restaurants from the 19th century to the present day . City archive, Viersen 1991, ISBN 3-928298-02-X .
  • Hugo Doergens: Chronicle of the city of Dülken . Dulken 1925.
  • Walther Föhl: Six centuries of the city of Dülken . City administration, Dülken 1964.
  • René Franken: St. Cornelius Dülken . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1994.
  • René Franken: Church building, Kulturkampf and Vaticanum. A history of the construction and development of the parish church of St. Cornelius in Viersen Dülken . Parish of St. Cornelius Viersen Dülken, Viersen 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024935-8 .
  • Karl L. Mackes: Rhenish city atlas : Dülken . Habelt, Bonn 1979, ISBN 3-7927-0477-3 .
  • Klaus Marcus: The last few days Viersen Dülken, Süchteln. Report on the capture of Viersen, Dülken, Süchteln and Boisheim by the 9th US Army on March 1, 1945 . 2nd edition, 1984.
  • Aria Nabrings: Dülken then and now. An illustrated and text volume on the history of the city . City archive, Viersen 1993, ISBN 3-928298-04-6 .
  • Arie Nabrings: The Dülkener Narrenmühle and the museum. Dülken Fools Academy . 2002.
  • Peter Norrenberg : Chronicle of the city of Dülken. Their history and their folk life . Baedeker's Verlag, Viersen / Dülken 1874. ( Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
  • Albert Pauly (Ed.): Tien Anton . Kunstkreis Viersen, Viersen 1980.
  • Werner Mellen: Viersen-Dülken . (= Rheinische Kunststätten , Volume ###.) Cologne 1987, ISBN 3-88094-587-X .
  • Michael Sartingen: Dölker Plott . Dülken Fools Academy, Dülken 1996.
  • Gunnar Schirrmacher: The Siegfried. Approaching a monument in Dülken . In: Viersen, contributions to a city, volume 24. Viersen 2002, ISBN 3-9805339-6-4 .
  • André Schmitz: Napoleon in Dülken . Night watchman stories by André Schmitz.Dülken.Iris Kater Verlag 2014. ISBN 978-3-944514-10-9
  • André Schmitz: Fool's theater - how life goes . Aat Dölker Stöckskes. Kater Literaturverlag 2018. ISBN 978-3-944514-16-1

Web links

Commons : Dülken  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.Soetele.de: The Roman road crossing Süchteln (private internet presentation by Uwe Micha, Viersen-Süchteln, accessed on April 11, 2011)
  2. ^ A b Hugo Doergens: Chronicle of the City of Dülken, chap. 4, page 41ff: The Princely Rights, with special consideration of the history of the Dülkener Kameralmühlen ; 1925; without ISBN
  3. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia 1885
  4. ↑ Ludwig Hügen: The war is coming to an end: Lower Rhine reports on Operation Grenade 1945 . (Publication series of the Kempen-Krefeld district 18), 1975. Volume 37, 1987.
  5. ↑ Dr. Hans Kaiser: From the town hall towards the GIs . In: Rheinische Post (local section Viersen) February 21, 2015, page C6. The advance took place as part of Operation Grenade .
  6. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 115 .
  7. ^ Tien Anton Monument Dülken ( Memento from June 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); made by the Aachen sculptor Hubert Löneke
  8. ↑ [1]
  9. ↑ OTTO FUCHS Dülken GmbH & Co. KG ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ('approx. 420 employees', accessed on October 18, 2016) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.otto-fuchs.com
  10. ↑ Route description Viersen – Kaldenkirchen in the NRWbahnarchiv by André Joost (accessed on February 26, 2011)
  11. ^ Dülken train station: The long wait for parking is over
  12. ^ Dülken: Restaurant in the water tower . In: wz-newsline from July 27, 2009